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RAYMOND   GETTEL, 
Shippensburg,  Pa. 


GIFT  OF 
Raymond  Gettell 


THE  MODEL  WORD  BOOK,  No.  3. 


MANUAL  OF  ETYMOLOGY; 


CONTAINING 


LATIN  AND  GREEK  DERIVATIVES, 


WITH   A 


KEY, 

GIVING  THE  PREFIX,  ROOT,  AND  SUFFIX. 


BY 


A.  C.WEBB, 


AUTHOR  OF  "THE   MODEL  ETYMOLOGY,"  "THE  MODEL  DEFINER," 
"  HISTORICAL  COMPANION,"   ETC. 


PHILADELPHIA : 
ELDREDGE   &  BROTHER, 

No.  17  North  Seventh  Street. 


WEB  B'S 

MODEL  WORD-BOOK  SERIES. 


1.  The  Model  Deflner. 

2.  The  Model  Etymology. 

3.  A  Manual  of  Etymology 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1879,  by 

ELDREDGE  &  BROTHER, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


Manual  of  Etymology  has  been  prepared  in  re- 
sponse  to  a  demand  for  an  advanced  work,  based  on 
the  same  principles  and  presenting  the  same  features  as 
the  Model  Etymology. 

The  work  is  progressive,  and  is  specially  adapted  to 
use  in  the  class-room.  Commencing  with  affixes,  it  car- 
ries the  pupil,  by  easy  gradations,  through  the  Latin 
derivatives,  each  word  being  illustrated  by  a  sentence 
containing  some  historical,  scientific,  or  interesting  fact. 

In  preparing  Part  III.,  which  treats  of  Greek  roots 
and  derivatives,  it  has  been  the  aim  of  the  author  to 
remove  those  obstacles  which  long  experience  in  teach- 
ing has  shown  to  exist. 

Each  division  of  the  subject  ends  with  a  Eeview. 

THE  KEY 

Is  a  valuable  feature  of  the  work.  It  analyzes  every 
word  about  which  a  doubt  could  arise,  and  gives  not 
only  the  prefix  and  root,  but  also  that  most  difficult 
part,  the  suffix. 


iii 


M633167 


PAGK 

THE  IMPORTANCE  OF  WORDS  ....  ....  5 

AFFIXES 7 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  .ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  ....  9 

ANGLO-SAXON 9 

LATIN  AND  GREEK 11 

LATIN  PRONUNCIATION,  BY  W.  G.  RICHARDSON,  M.A.  .  .  12 
THE  ROMAN  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING  LATIN  .  .  .  .12 
THE  ENGLISH  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING  LATIN  .  .  .  15 
THE  CONTINENTAL  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING  LATIN  .  .  .16 

THE  USE  OF  WORDS 17 

AID  TO  COMPOSITION 18 

DEFINITIONS 20 

PREFIXES •  20-27 

REVIEW  OF  PREFIXES 27-39 

ARRANGEMENT  FOR  WRITTEN  EXERCISES  .....  39 

SUFFIXES 39-51 

REVIEW  OF  SUFFIXES 51-60 

ARRANGEMENT  FOR  WRITTEN  EXERCISES  —  NOTE  TO  STUDENTS  — 

ABBREVIATIONS 60 

LATIN  DERIVATIVES,  WITH  A  SENTENCE  SHOWING  THE  CORRECT 

USE  OF  EACH  WORD 61-225 

REVIEW  OF  ROOTS  —  WORDS  SELECTED  PROMISCUOUSLY  FROM  THE 

FlBST  ROOT  THROUGH  EACH  SUCCESSIVE  TWENTY-FIVE  OR  FlFTY 

ROOTS 225-227 

GREEK  ALPHABET 228 

SOUNDS  OF  THE  GREEK  LETTERS 229 

GREEK  PREFIXES 230 

SUFFIXES 232 

GREEK  DERIVATIVES  . 233-287 

REVIEW 288 

290-317 

iv 


S. 


importance  of  WORDS,  in  all  the  processes  of  education, 
-L  cannot  be  over-estimated. 

Education  depends  on  a  knowledge  of  the  meaning  and  appli- 
cation of  WORDS. 

Knowledge  can  be  imparted  and  received  only  by  the  medium 
of  WORDS  correctly  used  and  properly  understood. 

The  basis  of  a  good  education  must  be  laid  with  WORDS  well 
chosen,  properly  arranged,  and  firmly  implanted  in  the  mind. 

A  complete  Unabridged  Dictionary  of  the  English  language 
contains  one  hundred  and  fourteen  thousand  words;  yet  it  is 
possible  for  knowledge  to  be  so  contracted  and  thought  so  lim- 
ited that  one  thousand  words  will  supply  every  w^ant.  It  is  as- 
serted that  some  of  the  English  peasantry  do  not  use  more  than 
three  hundred  words.  In  our  own  country,  with  all  our  boasted 
education,  what  poverty  of  language! — the  same  adjective  de- 
scribing qualities  totally  dissimilar;  adverbs  conjoined  which 
actually  contradict  each  other;  stereotyped  or  even  slang  ex- 
pressions betraying  utter  barrenness ;  generic  terms  where  pre- 
cision demands  specific  and,  still  more  frequently,  special  and 
definite  appellatives  to  express  general  ideas  which  can  be  con- 
veyed only  by  generic  terms.  Many  intelligent  persons,  moving 
in  good  society,  cannot  talk  five  minutes  without  betraying  a 
lamentable  ignorance  of  so-called  synonyms,  an  utter  lack  of 
discrimination  in  the  choice  of  words,  a  misapplication  of  terms 
and  a  poverty  of  speech,  strangely  contrasting  with  the  material 
wealth  of  their  surroundings. 

No  matter  of  whom,  or  of  what,  a  man  speaks,  the  one  thing 
1*  5 


6  A   MANUAL   OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

that  he  reveals  in  speaking  is  —  himself.  Therefore  the  wise 
man  showed  a  knowledge  of  human  nature  when  he  declared 
that  "He  that  shutteth  his  lips  is  esteemed  a  man  of  under- 
standing." A  wiser  than  Solomon  unfolds  a  «till  deeper  truth 
in  the  declaration,  "  By  thy  WORDS  thou  shalt  be  justified,  and 
by  thy  words  thou  shalt  be  condemned,"  for  the  words  used 
by  a  speaker  are  a  sure  index  of  the  depth  of  his  knowledge, 
his  acquaintance  with  literature,  range  of  thought,  mental  disci- 
pline, habits  of  discrimination,  and  power  of  analysis. 

Convinced,  then,  of  the  absolute  importance  of  a  thorough  and 
familiar  knowledge  of  our  language,  the  question  arises,  "How 
is  it  to  be  taught  ?"  Beside  the  ponderous  Unabridged  Diction- 
ary, with  its  one  hundred  and  fourteen  thousand  words,  we  lay 
the  childish  task  in  "definitions,"  acquired  with  painful  effort, 
and  frequently  forgotten  as  soon  as  recited.  One  hundred  and 
fourteen  thousand  words!  The  undertaking  seems  hopeless. 
But  here  Etymology,  with  its  generalization  and  analysis,  comes 
to  our  aid.  It  makes  the  impossible  the  possible.  It  takes  the 
task  out  of  the  drudgery  of  mere  abstract  memorizing,  and  trans- 
forms it  into  a  delightful  pursuit.  It  awakens  the  perceptive  fac- 
ulties by  presenting  resemblances  and  differences ;  it  strengthens 
the  memory  by  calling  reason  and  judgment  to  its  aid.  It  invig- 
orates all  the  powers  of  the  mind,  and  enlarges  its  capacity  by 
training  it  to  accuracy  and  precision  in  the  classification  of  words. 
The  study  of  definitions  is  like  the  gathering  of  an  armful  of 
crooked  and  jagged  sticks.  Each  gnarled  and  knotty  limb  lies 
apart  from  its  fellow.  The  rough  edges  pierce  the  flesh ;  and  in 
the  attempt  to  add  to  our  stock  we  lose  those  already  acquired 
with  such  painful  effort.  But  when  we  study  the  English  lan- 
guage etymologically,  we  are  as  one  who  walks  in  a  lovely  garden, 
to  cull  its  choicest  flowers.  Each  step  reveals  new  beauties. 
Fresh  surprises  await  us  on  every  hand.  The  senses  are  re- 
galed and  delighted.  All  the  faculties  of  mind  and  body  are 
stimulated  and  roused  to  active  exercise.  Attracted  on  every 
side,  we  go  on,  unweariedly,  from  flower-bed  to  flower-bed,  gath- 
ering here  a  blossom  and  there  a  bud,  constantly  adding  to  our 
stock  new  treasures  and  new  beauties.  So  with  the  student  of 
Etymology.  He  is  charmed  with  the  novelty,  delighted  with 
fiv-li  acquisitions  of  knowledge,  and  satisfied  in  the  conscious- 
ness that  faithful  labor  will  be  rewarded  by  a  thorough  knowl- 


WORDS.  7 

edge  of  the  language.  While  it  is  true  that  there  are  over  one 
hundred  thousand  words,  it  is  also  true  that  the  key  to  the 
meanings  of  a  large  portion  of  them  is  found  in  a  few  Root 
Words,  not  numbering  probably  one  thousand.*  Facio,  factum, 
to  make,  to  do,  enters  into  the  composition  of  six  hundred  words. 
By  the  aid  of  affixes,  not  less  than  three  thousand  words  are  de- 
rived from  ten  easy  roots. 

CAPIO,  I  take.  FACIO,  I  make. 

GBAPHO,  I  write.  LOGOS,  reason,  discourse,  science. 

MITTO,  I  send.  PONO,  I  put,  I  place. 

SEDEO,  I  sit.  SISTO,  I  stand. 

TEAHO,  I  draw.  VERTO,  I  turn. 

A  knowledge  of  the  small  number  of  Root  Words  gives  us  a 
conception  of  the  wonderful  formative  and  modifying  power  of 
affixes. 

AFFIXES. 

THE  richness  and  diversity  of  the  English  language  result  from 
causes  which  are  organic.  The  language  has  reached  its  high 
rank  by  a  steady  growth ;  by  development  from  within  and  not 
by  accretions  and  additions  from  without.  The  words  borrowed 
from  foreign  languages,  and  incorporated  without  change,  in  the 
English,  do  not  number  more  than  five  per  cent.  Those  who 
have  given  little  attention  to  the  subject,  would  be  astonished  at 
the  number  of  words  into  which  a  single  prefix  or  suffix  enters. 
Take,  for  example,  the  prefix  un,  meaning  in  verbs,  to  reverse  the 
act  of;  to  deprive  of;  and  in  adjectives,  the  reverse  of;  not,  and 
we  shall  find  it  probably  in  not  less  than  seven  thousand  words. 
Con,  with  the  various  forms  which  it  assumes,  as,  co,  col,  com,  and 
its  Greek  equivalent,  syn,  probably  enters  into  the  composition  of 
five  thousand.  We  have  no  means  of  verifying  these  calculations, 
for  even  "Unabridged  Dictionaries"  do  not  attempt  to  give  all 
the  "  compounds."  Our  purpose  is  to  show  the  value  of  the  study 
of  Etymology  to  all  classes  of  students  —  to  those  who  are  fa- 
miliar with  Latin  and  Greek,  as  well  as  to  those  whose  only 
knowledge  of  these  languages  is  their  etymologic  relation  to 
the  English.  A  careful  investigation  leads  to  the  estimate,  that 

*  The  whole  number  of  Root  Words  is  said  to  be  less  than  five  hundred,  and 
philologists  confidently  expect,  by  continued  research,  to  reduce  the  number 
to  three  hundred. 


8  A   MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

not  less  than  twenty-five  thousand  words  are  formed  by  the  use 
of  ten  prefixes,  the  same  number  of  suffixes  form  or  modify  not 
less  than  sixteen  thousand  important  words.  By  the  small  amount 
of  study  necessary  to  acquire  the  meanings  of,  these  thirty  ele- 
ments, we  obtain  a  clew  to  the  signification  of  each  of  the  large 
number  of  words  of  which  they  are  component  parts ;  for  there 
is  no  word  whose  meaning  is  not  better  understood  by  know- 
ing the  elements  which  compose  it ;  while  in  a  large  number  of 
derivatives,  the  etymologic  is  the  only  true  meaning.  The  analy- 
sis of  words  reveals  fine  distinctions  and  subtle  differences,  never 
perceived  by  one  ignorant  of  the  roots  from  which  they  sprung. 
A  homely,  common  flower,  under  the  microscope  of  the  botanist, 
discloses  delicate  tints  and  rare  beauties  never  suspected  by  the 
careless  observer ;  so  a  word,  when  seen  through  the  glass  of  the 
etymologist,  reveals  beautiful  analogies  and  remarkable  differ- 
ences; shows  diverging  and  converging  lines;  calls  up  historic 
associations  or  national  relations ;  tells  of  conquest,  or  commerce, 
or  religious  zeal,  nay,  of  ttimes  discloses  in  bold  relief  the  very  date 
when  the  stock,  from  which  has  sprung  this  beautiful  flower,  took 
root  and  became  indigenous  to  our  soil. 

To  the  uneducated  man,  a  large  number  of  words  have  their 
synonyms.  He  is  unable  to  detect  any  difference  between  the 
word  and  its  meaning.  Yet  the  number  of  words  which  appeal- 
exactly  synonymous,  might  well  be  taken  as  a  test  of  a  man's 
knowledge  of  language.  Generally,  it  will  be  in  inverse  ratio  to 
the  number  of  synonyms  which  exist  in  his  mind.  It  is  doubtful 
if,  in  the  whole  range  of  the  English  language,  there  are  two 
words  truly  synonymous. 

Instruction,  Education. 

Demolition,  Destruction. 

Eradicate,  Destroy. 

Raze,  Pull  down. 

Dilapidation,  Kuin. 

'  Dilation,  Expansion. 

The  ideas  conveyed  by  these  words,  and  many  others  which 
iniirlit  be  cited,  serve  as  a  gauge,  a  sure  test  of  the  mental 
status.  To  the  child,  first  introduced  to  one  of  these  words  as 
a  definition  of  the  other,  tin-re  is  no  difference  between  them  — 
they  are  synonymous.  To  the  grown-up  children,  whose  minds 
have  remained  stationary  while  their  hodies  have  grown  to  the 


WORDS. 

normal  size,  these  words  present  no  differences.  To  instruct  and 
to  educate  convey  to  such  a  mind  but  one  idea.  If  asked  whether 
he  wishes  his  child  instructed  or  educated,  he  would  probably 
answer,  "I  do  not  care  which,  so  that  you  make  a  man  of  him." 
He  cannot  conceive  the  idea,  that  merely  to  instruct  a  child  will 
never  make  a  man  of  him.  The  thing  that  is  pulled  down,  is  to 
him  demolished,  destroyed,  razed,  or  ruined.  All  the  words  pre- 
sent precisely  the  same  mental  picture.  Were  you  to  tell  him 
that  the  word  "raze"  depicted  to  your  mind  a  razor  and  the 
act  of  shaving,  he  would  have  grave  doubts  of  your  sanity. 

You  tell  your  gardener  to  eradicate  the  wild  carrot  that  disfig- 
ures the  lawn.  He  thinks  he  is  obeying  your  command  when 
he  mows  them  down  with  his  scythe.  You  have  to  explain  to 
him  the  fact  that  he  has  only  destroyed  them ;  that  to  eradicate 
a  thing  is  to  take  out  the  root.  (E,  out ;  radix,  radicis,  a  root ; 
ate,  to  take.) 


CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  ENGLISH 
LANGUAGE. 

THE  words  of  the  English  language  form  three  classes: 

1.  Anglo-Saxon  words. 

2.  Words  derived  from  Latin  and  Greek. 

3.  A  comparatively  small   number  of  words  borrowed,  often 
without  change,  from  other  nations. 

ANGLO-SAXON. 

THE  first  of  these,  the  Anglo-Saxon,  is  the  framework  of  our 
speech.  It  is  what  we  lovingly  call  our  u  mother-tongue."  Three- 
fifths  of  the  words  of  our  every-day  life  are  Saxon.  It  comes  to 
us  laden  with  the  richest  and  dearest  gifts  —  mother,  father,  hus- 
band, wife,  brother,  sister.  It  has  inwoven  itself  into  the  warp 
and  woof  of  our  life.  None  but  our  dear  mother-tongue,  that 
we  lisped  in  our  childish  days,  tells  us  of  the  home,  the  hearth, 
the  cradle,  the  thatch,  and  the  roof- tree.  Bread  and  broth,  hay 
and  harvest,  wheat  and  oats,  calf  and  cow  and  corn,  the  waving 
grass,  the  tall  bending  fir,  the  wide-spreading  elm,  the  barley  and 
the  berry,  the  plow  and  the  scythe,  the  open  barn-door,  with  the 
chaff  which  the  wind  driveth  away  before  the  thresher's  flail,  all 


10  A   MANUAL   OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

take  us  back  to  the  happy  household  and  well-tilled  farm  of  a 
good,  kind,,  well-to-do  Anglo-Saxon  before  the  Norman  had 
stamped  upon  the  Angle-Land  his  Norman-French.  He  needed 
not  to  go  to  the  gay,  sprightly  Gaul,  or  the  proud  Roman  of  the 
olden  time,  to  borrow  the  words  in  which  to  embody  his  choicest 
thoughts.  The  manliness  of  the  son,  the  watchful  care  of  the 
daughter,  the  cooing  of  the  baby,  the  merry  trill  and  laugh  of 
little  ones,  who  fill  the  house  with  joy,  lose  none  of  their  loveli- 
ness by  their  home-made  garb. 

It  is  this  dear  mother-tongue  that  heaves  up  a  heaven  over  our 
heads,  that  folds  the  tiny  hands,  and  teaches  the  childish  lips  to 
say  "  Our  Father  which  art  in  heaven." 

So  with  all  things  around  us  in  water  and  earth  and  sky.  The 
day  dawns  with  earliest  blush  of  morn ;  the  full  moon  and  pale 
stars  fade  away  in  the  west ;  the  sun  floods  the  round  earth  with 
his  golden  light;  the  dew  sparkles  in  pearly  drops  on  every  leaf- 
let ;  silvery  clouds  mingle  with  those  of  every  hue,  and  sail  on 
over  stream  and  flood  and  sea ;  winter's  cold  and  frost  flee  away 
at  the  breath  of  spring;  in  the  summer's  glare,  the  reaper  hies 
him,  for  his  noontide  meal,  to  the  purling  brook,  and  cools  his 
brow  and  slakes  his  thirst  in  its  clear  waters ;  thunders  roll,  light- 
nings flash,  rain  and  storm,  hail  and  ice  and  snow  fill  up  the  year, 
but  none  of  these  borrow  aught  of  their  worth  from  another  tongue. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Saxon  is  the  outcome  of  our  every- 
day life.  Saxon  words  are  short.  They  do  not  change.  They 
are  understood  by  all,  because  they  are  needed  by  all.  Both  the 
old  and  the  young,  the  good  and  the  bad,  the  high  and  the  low, 
are,  and  do,  and  bear  in  Saxon.  We  eat  and  drink,  talk  and  laugh, 
come  and  go,  get  and  give,  love  and  hate,  kill  and  make  alive,  buy 
and  sell,  chafler  and  chew,  blaze  and  blow,  and  ask  help  neither 
<»{'  Roman  nor  Greek,  Frenchman  nor  Spaniard.  We  can  send 
our  ships  over  the  sea,  laden  with  the  things  that  we  have 
made,  and  then,  weary  with  the  long,  busy  day,  at  eventide  we  can 
sing  our  own  songs,  play  our  merriest  games,  read  the  best  of 
books,  and  lie  down  to  health-giving  sleep,  nor  dream  that  there 
is  lack  or  want  in  our  dear  old  Saxon  tongue.* 

*  It  would  be  well  for  Teachers  to  call  the  attention  of  pupils  to  the  differ- 
ence in  the  style  produced  by  the  use  of  Anglo-Saxon  words,  or  by  Latin  and 
Greek  <lcri\  aiivo.  Pupils  will  be  interested  in  contrasting  the  small  number 
of  I.utin  and  Greek  derivatives  in  this  article,  compared  to  those  employed  in 
treating  of  the  "  Latin  and  Greek." 


WORDS.  11 

. 

LATIN  AND  GREEK. 

BUT  with  all  our  affection  for  the  language  of  our  infancy,  we 
discover,  as  we  advance  towards  adolescence,  that  it  is  totally 
inadequate  to  the  exigencies  of  adult  years.  When  we  quit  the 
paternal  roof,  and  associate  with  strangers,  novel  objects  present 
themselves,  and  old  ones  appear  under  varied  and  complex  forms. 
Our  range  of  vision  enlarges  itself.  We  attain  to  a  more  elevated 
plane,  and  our  horizon  is  extended;  imagination  becomes  more 
vivid ;  every  faculty,  whether  mental  or  physical,  is  energized  and 
invigorated.  With  everything  new  without  and  within,  a  new  and 
totally  different  language  is  required.  So,  too,  in  the  nation's 
life.  As  the  English-speaking  people  developed  into  a  manhood 
characterized  by  intellectual  activity,  profound  research,  and  in- 
ventive genius,  a  new  vocabulary  was  absolutely  necessary.  The 
ever-increasing  circles  of  power  and  influence  were  constantly 
enclosing  new  words.  As  diplomatic,  commercial,  and  scientific 
relations,  united  the  English  inseparably  with  the  most  cultured 
nations;  as  invention  stimulated  invention,  and  one  wonderful 
discovery  was  but  the  incentive  and  prelude  to  another  still 
more  remarkable;  as  the  products  of  their  numerous  factories 
were  sent  to  every  mart,  there  came  back  in  exchange  foreign 
names,  terms,  and  modes  of  expression. 

But  the  English  language  as  it  exists  to-day,  was  not  produced 
*by  simply  borrowing  we  Is  from  other  languages,  and  incor- 
porating them  without  c :  ange  in  the  vernacular.  The  transfor- 
mation was  a  radical  one  -  the  grafting  on  the  old,  sturdy,  Anglo- 
Saxon  stock  new  buds,  vhich  have  taken  root,  and  have  grown 
and  blossomed,  and  frui-  od  into  the  richest,  most  expressive,  and 
most  varied  language  ot  the  living  languages  of  the  globe.  This 
ingrafting  has  been  principally  from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  The 
language  of  literary  persons,  and  of  authors  of  non-scientific 
works,  is  composed  of  Saxon  and  Latin  derivatives ;  while  the 
Terminology  of  the  whole  range  of  Science,  Art,  and  Mechanism 
is  formed  principally  from  the  Greek.  So  small  is  the  Greek  ele- 
ment—  not  more  than  five  per  cent. —  that  the  special  advantages 
of  the  study  of  Etymology  are  : 

First.  In  its  application  to  that  part  of  the  language  which  is 
derived  from  the  Latin. 

Second.  To  that  part  derived  from  the  Greek. 

Third.  To  the  Anglo-Saxon. 


12  A  MANUAL  OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

LATIN  PRONUNCIATION. 

THERE  are  three  modes  of  pronouncing  Latin : 

1.  The  Latin;  called  also  the  Roman,  and  by  some  the  Pho- 
netic Method. 

2.  The  Continental. 

3.  The  English. 

On  the  vexed  question  of  the  various  modes,  General  Eaton, 
the  Commissioner  of  Education,  has  been  collecting  facts  from 
every  part  of  the  country.  The  information  thus  gathered  is 
embodied  and  tabulated  in  a  most  interesting  article  from  the 
pen  of  W.  G.  Richardson,  M.  A.,  Professor  of  Latin,  Central  Uni- 
versity, Richmond,  Ky.  We  think  we  shall  confer  a  favor  on  the 
large  number  of  educators  who  do  not  see  the  Report,  by  giving 
extracts  from  the  article. 

Professor  Richardson  says,  "So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
ascertain,  the  present  prevailing  pronunciation  in  England,  namely, 
the  English,  does  not  go  back  two  centuries.  In  the  United  States, 
till  within  the  past  twenty  years,  two  systems  have  held  nearly 
equal  sway,  the  advantage  being  rather  with  the  English  system. 
But  in  the  period  named,  the  Latin  method  has  made  decided 
advances.  At  this  time,  usage  is  about  equally  shared  among 
the  three.  The  world  over,  nearly  all  the  Latin  grammarians 
and  orthoepists  of  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  have  urged  a 
return  to  first  principles.  The  Latin  has  rights  of  its  own  and 
a  demonstrated  pronunciation,  which  should  be  respected,  as  in 
the  case  of  the  sister  tongue." 

Speaking  of  the  Bibliographical  List  for  the  Latin  Pronuncia- 
tion, Prof.  Richardson  says,  "America  may  claim  the  credit  of 
leading  this  reform,  in  the  person  of  Prof.  S.  S.  Haldeman,  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania.  His  admirable  little  treatise  is 
entitled,  Elements  of  Latin  Pronunciation,  for  the  use  of  students 
in  language,  law,  medicine,  zoology,  botany,  and  the  sciences  gen- 
erally in  which  Latin  words  are  used." 

THE  ROMAN  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING  LATIN. 

VOWELS. 

LONG  and  short  vowels  generally  differ  in  quantity,  not  quality 
of  sound. 

a  is  sounded  like  our  a  in  father. 


LATIN   PRONUNCIATION.  13 

g  is  French  £,  which  Surenne  properly  represents  as  our  e  in 
met,  very  slightly  prolonged,  e  is  same  in  quality,  differing  only  in 
quantity. 

1  as  i  in  machine  ;  I  as  i  in.  purity, 
o  as  o  in  ?w>.     For  #  Roby  gives  dot. 

u  like  oo  in  moon  ;  ti,  short,  like  w  injfyZZ. 

y  intermediate  between  i  and  w. 

A  short  vowel  rendered  long  by  position,  as,  for  instance,  e  in 
est  and  esse,  is  still  pronounced  short. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  as  to  final  short  syllables ;  e.  g.,  esse, 
amatur,  amatus.  Distinguish  fructus  and  fructus. 

DIPHTHONGS. 

IN  all  these  each  element  is  heard.  Let  the  combination  be 
rapid. 

x  or  ai,  like  ay  (yes).  In  rapid  utterance,  it  is  nearly  our  per- 
sonal pronoun  of  the  first  person.  I  is  a  compound  sound  made 
up  of  ah  and  ee. 

au  like  ow  in  now.  The  analysis  is  ah-oo.  The  rapid  combina- 
tion is  ow  in  now. 

ei  as  in  vein,  slightly  drawled,  and  not  like  the  English  i  in  time. 

eu  as  eh-oo,  many  give  the  sound  of  eu  mfeud. 

02  or  oi  like  oi  in  oil. 

ui  like  French  oui  ;  very  nearly  our  pronoun  we. 

CONSONANTS. 

d,f,  h,  &,  I,  n,p,  t,  as  in  English. 

l>8  like  ps.     Thus,  urls,  corps. 

c  hard  like  7c. 

g  hard,  as  in  give. 

s  always  hissing,  as  in  this  ;  never  like  z. 

ti  with  the  pure  sound  of  t  always  preserved;  thus,  natio,  nah- 
te-o,  and  not  na-she-o  or  nah-she-o. 

v  is  English  w. 

ps  preserves  the  sound  of  both  its  elements,  as  in  psallo. 

As  bearing  upon  the  present  situation  of  the  controversy  re- 
specting Latin  pronunciation,  we  give  extracts  from  a  paper  read 
before  the  Massachusetts  Association  of  Classical  and  High  School 
Teachers,  and  printed  in  a  recent  number  of  the  N.  E.  Journal 
of  Education.  The  writer,  E.  R.  Humphreys,  LL.D.,  formerly  of 
2 


14  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

Cambridge  University,  England,  addressed  letters  of  inquiry  to 
various  classical  teachers,  as  to  the  methods  of  pronunciation 
used  by  them. 

UI  may  at  once  say  that  the  new  system  of  pronunciation  of 
Latin  does  not  prevail  at  all  in  Oxford,  i.  e.,  is  in  no  way  publicly 
recognized,  nor  is  it  used  by  many,  if  indeed  by  any,  of  the 
tutors." 

Rev.  Mandell  Oreighton,  A.  M.,  recently  for  several  years  Dean 
and  Tutor  of  Merton  College,  Oxford;  now  Vicar  of  Embleton, 
England. 

"There  is,  I  think,  no  great  difference  of  opinion  here  in  re- 
gard to  the  principles  of  Latin  pronunciation ;  even  the  w  sound 
of  v  is  secure  from  ridicule." 

Eev.  John  E.  B.  Mayor,  M.  A.,  Professor  of  Latin  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  England. 

REMARKS  BY  DR.  HUMPHREYS. 

"I  BELIEVE  that  in  most  points  the  theory  of  Latin  pronuncia- 
tion associated  with  the  name  of  Corssen  in  Germany,  and  Roby 
in  England  —  most  emphatically  excepting,  however,  the  weak 
Semitic  sound  of  v  as  w  —  is  correct.  But  even  if  I  felt  bound 
to  assent  to  every  one  of  the  claims,  made  by  these  advocates 
of  the  so-called  Roman  pronunciation,  I  should  still  maintain 
that  theory,  based  to  some  considerable  extent  on  the  law  of 
probabilities,  is  one  thing,  and  the  altering  by  us  of  the  mode 
of  pronunciation  of  an  ancient  language,  which  enters  so  largely 
into  the  structure  of  our  own  English,  a  mode  that  has  prevailed 
for  so  many  centuries,  is  another  and  very  different  thing  —  a 
thing  demanding  very  careful  consideration.  It  has  seemed  to 
me,  I  confess,  all  along,  that  in  thus  too  hastily  undertaking  to 
do  justice  to  ancient  Latin,  we  run  the  risk  of  doing  great  injus- 
tice, great  injury,  to  our  own  modern  English-American  language, 
—  into  which  the  Latin  has  been  constantly  insinuating  itself  for 
the  last  three  hundred  years  and  more,  ever  in  the  garb  of  what 
is  now  termed  the  '  old-fashioned  English '  pronunciation. 

"But  in  Great  Britain,  as  appears  from  this  correspondence, 
there  is  no  probability  of  the  adoption  of  the  new  system  to  any 
material  extent  for  a  very  long  period  of  time,  if  ever.  And  in 
regard  to  the  other  countries  of  Europe,  except,  perhaps,  some 


LATIN  PRONUNCIATION.  15 

few  of  the  German  Universities,  I  do  not  hesitate  a  moment  to 
say,  that  the  Latin  scholars  of  those  countries  would  find  it  more 
difficult  to  understand  an  American  or  English  Latinist  speaking 
by  this  '  reformed '  rule  than  ever  they  found  it  to  be,  even  when 
listening  to  the  old-fashioned  English  pronunciation.  Italian  schol- 
ars, especially,  would  deem  this  new  method  no  less  harsh  than 
unintelligible. 

"  The  most  serious  point,  however,  to  my  mind,  is  the  confusion 
and  injury  which,  as  it  seems  to  me,  the  sweeping  change  pro- 
posed is  likely  to  produce  in  the  pronunciation,  and  consequently 
in  the  intelligent  study,  of  our  own  language,  which  surely  deserves 
our  first  care  and  consideration.  The  study  of  the  Etymology  of 
English  I  have  always  found  to  he  a  powerful  and  attractive 
means  of  winning  and  leading  on  young  minds  and  hearts,  pre- 
viously averse  to  learning,  to  an  earnest  study,  first  of  their  own 
language,  and  then  of  others  which  enter  into  its  formation,  es- 
pecially the  Latin.  Hitherto,  it  has  not  been  difficult  to  make 
clear  to  young  and  even  dull  children  the  close  relationship  of 
English  and  Latin;  but  if  the  hard  pronunciation  of  c  and  </, 
and  some  of  the  other  4  reforms,'  be  once  generally  accepted, 
the  likeness  and  connection  will  only  be  patent  to  advanced 
Latin  scholars. 

"  The  appended  tables  indicate  the  usage  in  pronouncing  Latin 
in  the  237  Universities  and  Colleges  and  the  87  preparatory  schools 
named,  as  reported  by  them  to  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation. 

"  Of  the  Universities  and  Colleges,  72  use  the  Latin  or  Koman 
method,  75  the  Continental,  and  90  the  English., 

"  Of  the  preparatory  schools,  25  use  the  Latin,  28  the  Conti- 
nental, and  34  the  English." 

THE  ENGLISH  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING  LATIN. 

1.  EVERY  word  in  Latin  must  have  as  many  syllables  as  it  has 
vowels  and  diphthongs;  viva  voce,  miles,  male,  fames,  jEdes,  dies, 
comes,  ranceo,  pronounced   vl'va  vo'ce;   mi'les;   md'le;  fa'mes  ; 
e'des  ;  di'es  ;  co'mes  ;  ran'ce-o. 

2.  C  is  pronounced  hard  like  "k  before  a,  o,  u;   and  soft  like  s 
before  e,  i,  y,  02,  and  se, ;  as  cado,  pronounced  Jca'do  ;  cte'lum,  pro- 
nounced se'lum  ;  cedo,  pronounced  se'do. 

3.  Ch  is  pronounced  like  k ;  as,  chorus,  pronounced  ko'rus. 


16  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

4.  G  is  pronounced  hard  before  a,  0,  u,  and  soft  likvj  before  e,  i, 
y,  &,  03  •  as,  gusto,  in  which  g  is  pronounced  as  in  Augusta  ;  gero, 
pronounced  je'ro. 

5.  When  a  syllable  ends  in  a  consonant,  the  vowel  has  the  short 
English  sound;  as,  bellum,  pronounced  bel'lum. 

6.  Two  consonants  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  not  proper  to  be- 
gin a  word,  must  be  divided ;  as,  mille,  pronounced  mil'le. 

V.  The  diphthongs  #  and  ce  are  sounded  like  e;  as,  csedo,  pro- 
nounced ce'do. 

Auis  pronounced  as  in  author,  aurum,  plau'do. 
Eu  is  pronounced  as  in  neuter. 

8.  Words  of  two  syllables  are  accented  on  the  first ;  as,  ager, 
pronounced  a'jer. 

9.  When  a  word  of  more  than  one  syllable  ends  in  a,  the  a 
should  be  sounded  like  ah ;  as,  musa,  pronounced  mu'sah. 

10.  Es,  at  the  end  of  a  word,  is  pronounced  like  the  English 
word  ease;  as,  miles,  pronounced  mi'les. 

11.  T,  s,  and  c,  before  ia,  ie,  ii,  io,  iu,  and  eu,  preceded  immedi- 
ately by  the  accent,  in  Latin  words,  as  in  English,  change  into  sh  and 
zh;  as,  fa'cio,  pronounced  fa'sheo  ;  san'cio,  pronounced  san'sheo  ; 
spa 'Hum ,  pronounced  spa'sheum;  so'cius,  pronounced  sd'she-us. 

12.  In  final  syllables  ending  in  a  vowel,  the  vowel  is  long;  as, 
glutio,  sacri,  servo,  cornu,  pronounced  glu'she-o,  sa'Jcrl,  ser'vo,  cor'nu. 

In  final  syllables  ending  in  a  consonant,  the  vowel  is  generally 
short ;  as,  ac'tum,  nav'is,  no1  men.  In  post,  reSj  and  some  others, 
the  vowel  is  long. 

13.  8  is  generally  pronounced   as  in  sacred;   as,   sa'cer,  sol, 
ser'vo ;  but  s  final  after  e,  au,  b,  m,  n,  r,  is  pronounced  like  z ;  as, 
res}frauSj  urbs,  hi' ems,  mens,for8. 

14.  X  has  its  regular  English  sound,  like  Jcs ;  as,  rex,  lex. 

15.  When  two  consonants,  the  sounds  of  which  will  not  coal- 
esce, commence  a  word,  the  first  is  generally  silent,  as,  Ptolemy, 
pronounced  tol'e-me.     Oh  before  a  mute  consonant  at  the  begin- 
ning of  a  word  is  silent;   as,  Chthonia,  pronounced  Thonia. 

CONTINENTAL  METHOD  OF  PRONOUNCING   LATIN. 

IN  the  Latin  Grammar  of  Dr.  Harkness,  the  Continental  Method 
is  dismissed  (p.  7)  with  this  remark:  "The  Continental  Method, 
as  adopted  in  this  country,  is  almost  identical  with  the  Eoman, 
except  in  the  pronunciation  of  the  consonants,  in  which  it  more 
nearly  coincides  with  the  English." 


WORDS.  17 

THE  USE  OF  \VORDS. 

ONE  of  the  problems  in  education,  is  to  determine  the  method 
by  which  pupils  are  to  be  taught  the  correct  use  of  words.  From 
the  richness  of  the  English  language,  which  gives  many  words 
to  the  same  meaning,  and  many  and  diverse  meanings  to  the  same 
word,  the  proper  use  of  a  word  cannot  be  deduced  from  its  mean- 
ing. How,  then,  is  the  knowledge  of  the  use  of  words  to  be  im- 
parted to  children?  Either  by  the  teacher,  or  by  conversation 
and  reading.  The  knowledge  acquired  by  conversation  and  read- 
ing is  limited  in  extent ;  and,  as  it  is  entirely  dependent  on  the 
power  of  observation,  the  impressions  are  faint  and  ill-defined,  and 
the  conclusions  frequently  incorrect. 

No  teacher  would  think  of  teaching  Arithmetic  by  simply  im- 
parting the  Rules,  and  then  leaving  to  the  child  their  correct  ap- 
plication. Yet,  the  practice  of  Arithmetic  might  possibly  be  left 
to  such  teaching,  inasmuch  as  Arithmetic  is  an  exact  science  based 
on  fixed  principles,  from  which  correct  reasoning  must  deduce  cor- 
rect results.  But  no  reasoning  can  show  to  the  child,  who  has 
learned  "Deduce,  to  draw"  that  he  must  not  say,  "I  tried  to  de- 
duce the  horse  from  the  stable ;  "  or,  "Deciduous,  falling."  "  The 
boy  deciduous  from  the  window,  was  killed."  The  sympathizing 
teacher  feels  acute  pain  in  witnessing  the  disappointment  of  the 
pupil,  whose  industrious  and  well-meant  effort  only  provoked  a 
laugh  from  idle  scholars,  who  made  no  failure,  because  they  made 
no  attempt.  Witness  such  failures  as  the  following,  taken  from 
school  exercises : 

Incipient,  commencing.     We  are  incipient  to  draw. 

Acute,  sharp.     The  razor  is  acute. 

Cogent,  forcible.  The  boy  gave  a  cogent  blow,  and  the  door 
flew  open. 

Aperture,  opening.  Mrs.  A.  will  have  her  millinery  aperture 
next  week. 

These  are  the  errors  of  untrained  children ;  but  the  laughable 
mistakes  of  intelligent  foreigners,  when  they  attempt  to  use 
words  according  to  their  meaning,  is  conclusive  proof  of  the 
proposition  that  — 

The  only  way  by  which  the  use  of  a  word  can  be  taught  is  to 
give  a  sentence  in  which  the  word  is  correctly  used. 

Even  in  his  vernacular,  an  educated  man  would  not  use  a  word 
2*  B 


18  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

which  he  had  neither  seen  in  writing  nor  heard  from  the  lips  of 
a  good  speaker.  Take,  for  instance,  Uncial,  relating  to  letters  of 
a  large  size;  Intercalate,  to  insert;  Fiduciary,  firm, —  what  intel- 
ligent man  would  use  these  words  simply  because  he  knew  their 
meaning  ?  How  unjust  and  useless,  then,  to  demand  of  an  igno- 
rant and  untrained  child  that  which  no  adult  can  give,  namely, 
the  correct  use  of  a  word  derived  from  its  meaning  only. 

Some  teachers,  convinced  by  experience  of  the  necessity  of 
illustrative  sentences,  require  children  to  procure  them  at  home. 
But  the  importance  and  difficulty  of  the  work  demand  that  it 
should  not  be  left  to  the  uncertainties  of  home  teaching.  The 
labor  involved  forbids  that  this  essential  part  of  education  should 
be  imposed  on  the  parent.  Like  Arithmetic,  or  any  other  depart- 
ment of  knowledge,  it  should  be  performed  by  the  teacher  in  the 
time  specially  set  apart  for  mental  training. 

The  plan  adopted  in  "The  Model  Word-Book  Series,"  of  giving 
illustrative  sentences,  is  not  new.  All  good  Dictionaries  illus- 
trate the  meaning  by  a  Model.  Just  as  the  Patent-Office  requires 
a  u  model "  as  well  as  a  description,  so  a  definition  or  explanation 
of  a  word  is  not  complete  without  an  illustrative  sentence.  To 
quote  from  a  good  author  a  sentence  containing  the  word,  as 
proof  of  its  correct  use,  is  the  only  authority  acknowledged  by 
literary  men. 


AID  TO  COMPOSITION. 

TEACHERS  will  find  the  sentences  a  great  assistance  to  pupils 
in  that  most  difficult  of  all  departments  of  education  —  composi- 
tion. Where  Teachers  wish  to  make  it  an  exercise  in  composition, 
they  will  find  it  of  great  advantage  to  require  pupils  to  prepare 
sentences  from  the  models  given,  excluding  all  derivatives  except 
the  word  assigned. 

Ex.:  " Many  who  would  not  DEIGN  to  notice  Columbus  when 
he  left  Spain,  except  to  denounce  him  as  a  visionary  enthusiast, 
were  willing  to  ennoble  him  on  his  return." 

Many  who  would  not  DEIGN  to  speak  to  Columbus  when  he 
left  Spain,  paid  him  great  attention  on  his  return. 

A  simple  trial  of  the  work,  either  by  requiring  the  pupil  to 
form  sentences  similar  to  those  given,  or  to  memorize  the 


WORDS.  19 

sentences  as  models  for  future  use,  will  convince  any  one  of 
the  following 

ADVANTAGES  TO    BE   DERIVED  FROM  THE 
"  MODEL  WORD-BOOK"  SERIES. 

1.  Saving  of  time. 

2.  Increased  knowledge  of  words. 

3.  Ease  to  teacher  and  scholar. 

4.  A  knowledge  of  the  correct  use  of  words. 

5.  A  knowledge  of  a  large  number  of  facts,  commercial,  his- 
torical, and  scientific. 

6.  A  great  help  in  teaching  Composition. 


A 

MANUAL  OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


PART  I. 


DEFINITIONS. 

Etymology  is  the  science  which  treats  of  the  origin  and 
derivation  of  words. 

A  Prefix  is  a  syllable  placed  before  a  root ;  as,  in,  meaning 
not,  incorrect,  not  correct ;  con,  meaning  with  or  together, 
connect,  to  tie  together. 

A  Root  is  the  radical  or  essential  part  of  a  word ;  as, 
act-um  in  the  word  act-ion,  ann-us  in  ann-als. 

A  Suffix  is  a  syllable  placed  after  a  root ;  as,  ant,  meaning 
one  who,  tenant,  one  who  holds ;  ize,  meaning  to  make,  fer- 
tilize, to  make  fertile. 

I.  PREFIXES 

OF  ANGLO-SAXON   ORIGIN. 

1.  A  signifies  on,  in,  to,  at;   afield,  to  the  field;    aboard, 
on  board  ;  afar,  at  a  distance. 

2.  Be  signifies  over,  to  cover  ivith,  about,  upon;  bedaub,  to 
daub  over ;  bemire,  to  cover  with  mire.     In  a  preposition  or 
a  conjunction,  be  means  by ;  because,  by  the  cause. 

20 


PREFIXES   OF   LATIN    ORIGIN.  21 

3.  En,  with  the  form  em,  signifies  in,  on,  into,  to  make, 
to  put  into,  to  put  in,  or  to  put  on;  enclose,  to  close  in;  en- 
dear, to  make  dear  ;  embark,  to  put  into  a  bark. 

4.  Fore  signifies  before;   forenoon,  the  part  of  the  day 
before  noon ;  foretell,  to  tell  beforehand.     There  is  another 
fore,  for,  not  related  to  the  preceding,  which  has  a  negative 
meaning,  or  it  shows  that  the  action  was  done  in  a  bad  sense, 
as  forswear,  to  swear  falsely ;  forego,  to  give  up,  to  resign. 

5.  In,  Im.     See  En,  Em.     Imbitter,  to  make  bitter. 

6.  Mis  signifies  wrong,  erroneous.      Misbelief,  erroneous 
belief;  miscall,  to  call  wrong. 

7.  Out  signifies  beyond,  more  than ;  outbid,  to  bid  more  than 
(another)  ;  outlive,  to  live  beyond  (something  specified). 

>  8.  Over  signifies  too  much,  too  great;  overburden,  to  bur- 
den too  much ;  overload,  too  great  a  load. 

9.  Un  signifies  to  reverse  the  act  of,  to  deprive  of;  the  re- 
verse of,  not;  unbolt,  to  reverse  the  act  of  bolting;  uncrown, 
to  deprive  of  the  crown  ;  unclean,  not  clean  ;  unjust,  the  re- 
verse of  just. 

10.  Under  signifies  beneath,  less  than  another;  under-sheriff, 
one  beneath  the  sheriff;  underbid,  to  bid  less  than  another. 

11.  With  signifies  from,  against;  withdraw,  to  draw/rom; 
withstand,  to  stand  against. 


II.  PREFIXES 

OF   LATIN    ORIGIN. 

1.  Ab,  with  the  forms*  a,  abs,  signifies  from  or  away. 
AVERT',  (verto,  I  turn,)  to  turn  away. 
ABSOLVE',  (solvo,  I  loose,)  to  loose  from. 

*  Teachers  should  give   a  great  deal  of  practice  in  reciting  the 
1  Forms  "  of  the  Prefixes,  thus : 
A,  for  Ab,  signifies  from  or  away. 
A,  for  Ad,  signifies  to. 
Cog,  for  Con,  signifies  with  or  together. 


22  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

2.  Ad,  with  the  forms  a,  ac,  af,  ag,  al,  am,  an,  ap,  ar, 

as,  at,  signifies  to. 

ADHERE',  (haereo,  I  stick,)  to  stick  to. 
ACCEDE',  (cedo,  I  yield,)  to  yield  to. 
APPEAR',  (  pareo,  I  am  present,)  to  be  present  to. 
ATTEST',  (testis,  a  witness,)  to  witness  to. 
ATTRACT',  (traho,  tractum,  to  draw,)  to  draw  to. 

3.  Am,  with  the  forms  amb,  ambi,  signifies  round  or 
about. 

AMPUTATE,  (puto,  I  think ;  I  cut  or  prune,)  to  cut  round 
or  off. 

4.  Ante,  with  the  forms  an,  ant,  ante,  signifies  before. 
ANTECE'DENT,  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go  away,)  going  before. 

5.  Circum,   with   the    form   circu,    signifies   around   or 
about. 

CIRCUMVENT',  (venio,  ventum,  to  come,)  to  come  around. 
CIRCU'ITOUS,  (eo,  itum,  to  go,)  going  around. 
CIRCUMNAVIGA'TION,  (navis,  a  ship;  ago,  I  do,  I  perform,) 
going  around  in  a  ship. 

6.  Cis  signifies  on  this  side. 
CIS-ATLAN'TIC,  on  this  side  the  Atlantic. 

7.  Con,  with  the  forms  co,  cog,  col,  com,  cor,  signifies 
with  or  together. 

COMPRESS',  (premo,  pressum,  to  press,)  to  press  together. 
CONVOKE',  (voco,  I  call,)  to  call  together. 
COHERE',  (hsereo,  I  stick,)  to  stick  together. 

8.  Contra,    with  the   forms    counter,    contro,    signifies 
against;  contrary  to. 

COUNTERACT',  (ago,  actum,  to  do,  to  perform,)  to  act 
against. 

CONTRADICT',  (dico,  dictum,  to  say,)  to  speak  contrary 
to. 

COUNTERMAND',  (mando,  mandatum,  to  command,)  to 
command  contrary  to. 


PREFIXES    OF   LATIN    ORIGIN.  23 

9.  De  signifies  down  QIC  from. 

DECLINE',  (clino,  I  bend,  I  lie  down,)  to  bend  down. 
DEPOSE',  (pono,  positum,  to  put,  to  place,)  to  put  down  or 
from. 

DESCEND',  (scando,  I  climb,)  to  climb  down. 
DESCRIBE',  (scribo,  I  write,)  to  write  down. 

10.  Demi  signifies  half. 

11.  Dis,  with  the  forms  di,  dif,  signifies  asunder,  apart, 
away;  not. 

DIVERGE',  (vergo,  I  bend,)  to  bend  or  incline  apart. 
DISTRIB'UTE,  (tribuo,  tributum,  to  give,)  to  give  away. 
DISPEL',  (pello,  I  drive,)  to  drive  away. 
Di' VERSE,  (verto,  versum,  to  turn,)  turned  asunder,  vari- 
ous. 

12.  En  signifies  in,  on,  into;  not;  to  make. 
ENGRAVE',  to  grave  on. 

ENTOMB',  to  put  in  a  tomb. 

EN'EMY,  (amicus,  a  friend,)  not  a  friend. 

13.  Ex,  with  the  forms  e,  ec,  ef,  signifies  out. 
EXCEED',  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go,)  to  go  beyond  or  out. 
EXPORT',  (porto,  I  carry,)  to  carry  out. 

EXPEL',  (pello,  I  drive,)  to  drive  out. 
EXPAND',  (pando,  I  spread,)  to  spread  out,  to  enlarge. 
EMIT',  (mitto,  I  send,)  to  send  out. 

ERASE',  (rado,  rasum,  to  shave,  to  scrape,)  to  scrape  or 
rub  out. 

14.  Extra  signifies  beyond. 
EXTRAORDINARY,  beyond  ordinary. 

15.  In,  with  the  forms  ig,  il,  im,  ir,  em,  en,  signifies  in, 
on,  into,  not. 

INDUCE',  (duco,  I  lead,)  to  lead  in. 
INHALE',  (halo,  I  breathe,)  to  breathe  in. 
IMPORT',  (porto,  I  carry,)  to  carry  in. 
IMPLANT',  (planto,  I  plant,)  to  plant  in. 
INFUSE',  (fundo,  fusum,  to  pour,)  to  pour  into. 


24  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

IMPRESS',  (premo,  pressum,  to  press,)  to  press  upon. 
ILLU'MINATE,  (lumen,  luminis,  light,)  to  put  light  into. 
IMMATURE',*  (maturus,  ripe,)  not  ripe. 

16.  Inter,  with  the  forms  enter,  Intel,  signifies  between, 
among. 

INTERCEDE',  (cedo,  I  go,)  to  go  between. 
INTERPOSE',  (pono,  positum,  to  put,  to  place,)  to  place 
between. 

INTERVENE',  (venio,  I  come,)  to  come  between. 

17.  Intra  signifies  within. 

INTRAMU'RAL,  (murus,  a  wall,)  within  the  walls  (of  a 
city). 

18.  Intro  signifies  within. 
INTRODUCE',  (duco,  I  lead,)  to  lead  within. 

19.  Juxta  signifies  near  to. 

JUXTAPOSITION,  (pono,  positum,  to  put,  to  place,)  the  state 
of  being  placed  near  to  (anything). 

20.  Mis  signifies  wrong,  erroneous. 

MISCON'DUCT,  (duco,  ductum,  to  lead,)  wrong  conduct. 

21.  Neg  for  nee  signifies  not. 

NEGLECT',  (lego  lectum,  to  gather,  to  select,  to  read,)  cul- 
pable omission. 

22.  Non  signifies  not. 

NON'SENSE,  (sentio,  sensum,  to  feel,  to  think,)  not  sense. 

23.  Ob,  with  the  forms  o,  obs,  oc,  of,  op,  OS,  signifies  in 
the  way,  against,  out. 

OBSTRUCT',  (struo,  structum,  to  build,  to  construct,)  to 
place  something  in  the  way. 

OBTRUDE',  (trudo,  I  thrust,)  to  thrust  in  the  way. 
OPPOSE',  (pono,  positum,  to  put,  to  place,)  to  place  against. 

24.  Per,    with   the   forms  pel,    pil,   pol,    pur,    signifies 
throught  thoroughly. 

*The  prefix  in,  with  the  forms  ig,  il,  im,  ir,  in  adjectives  signifies 
not. 


PREFIXES    OF   LATIN    ORIGIN.  25 

PERVADE',  (vado,  I  go,)  to  go  or  spread  through. 
PERFORM',  (forma,  form,  beauty,)  to  form  through. 
PURSUE',  (sequor,  secutus,  to  follow,)  to  follow  (through). 

25.  Post  signifies  after. 

POSTSCRIPT,  (scribo,  scriptum,  to  write,)  something  writ- 
ten after  (the  signature). 

26.  Pre  signifies  before. 

PRECEDE',  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go,)  to  go  before. 
PREDICT',  (dico,  dictum,  to  say,)  to  say  before. 
PRE'FIX,  (figo,  fixum,  to  fix,)  a  syllable  placed  before  a 
root. 

27.  Preter  signifies  beyond,  or  more  than. 
PRETERNAT'URAL,  (nascor,  natus,  born,)  beyond  or  more 

than  what  is  natural. 

28.  Pro,  with  the  forms  por,  pur,  pru,  signifies  for,  forth, 
forward;  out. 

PROCEED',  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go,)  to  go  forward. 
PROCLAIM',  (clamo,  I  cry  out,  I  shout,)  to  cry  out. 
PROLONG',  (longus,  long,)  to  lengthen  out. 
PRO'NOUN,  (nornen,  a  name,)  a  word  that  stands  for  a 
noun. 

PUR'POSE,  (pono,  positum,  to  put,  to  place,)  to  intend. 

29.  Re,  with  the  form  red,  signifies  back;  again;  anew. 
KECEDE',  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go,)  to  go  back. 

RECLAIM',  (clamo,  I  cry  out,)  to  call  back. 
RECLINE',  (clino,  I  bend,)  to  bend  back. 
REFORM',  (forma,  form,  beauty,)  to  form  anew. 
REPEL',  (pello,  I  drive,)  to  drive  back. 
RESPOND',  (spondeo,  I  promise,)  to  answer  back. 
REVIVE',  (vivo,  I  live,)  to  live  again. 
REVOKE',  (voco,  I  call,)  to  repeal,  to  call  back. 

30.  Retro  signifies  backward. 

RET'ROGRADE,  (gradior,  I  go  step  by  step,)  to  go  or  move 
backward. 
3 


26  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

31.  Se  signifies  aside,  apart. 

SECEDE',  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go,)  to  go  apart  (from  a  party 
or  denomination). 

SECLUDE',  (claudo,  or  cludo,  I  shut,)  to  shut  apart. 

32.  Semi  signifies  half. 

SEM'I-CIRCLE,  (circus,  a  circle,)  half  a  circle. 

33.  Sine,  with  the  forms  sim,  sin,  signifies  without. 
SI'NECURE,  (cura,  care,)  without  care  (a  situation  or  office 

without  employment). 

SIM'PLE,  (plico,  I  fold,)  without  fold  ;  artless. 

34.  Sub,  with  the  forms  sn,  sue,  suf,  sug,  sum,  sup,  sur, 
sus,  signifies  under. 

SUBSCRIBE',  (scribo,  I  write,)  to  write  (one's  name)  under. 

SUBMIT',  (mitto,  I  send,)  to  send  under ;  to  yield. 

SUBVERT',  (verto,  I  turn,)  to  turn  under ;  to  overthrow. 

SUCCUMB',  (cumbo,  I  lie  down,)  to  lie  down  under,  to  sink 
under  a  difficulty. 

SUF'FIX,  (figo,  fixum,  to  fix,  to  fasten,)  a  syllable  placed 
after  a  root. 

SURREPTI'TIOUS,  (raptum,  to  snatch,)  without  proper  au- 
thority. 

SUSPEND',  (pendeo,  I  hang,)  to  hang  (under). 

SUSPECT',  (specio,  spectum,  to  look,  to  see,)  to  mistrust ; 
to  see  under  something. 

35.  Subter  signifies  under. 

SUB'TERFUGE,  (fugio,  I  flee,)  an  evasion ;  a  fleeing  under. 

36.  Super,  with  the  form  sur,  signifies  above,  over,  more 
than  enough. 

SUPERNATURAL,  (nascor,  natus,  born,)  above  the  natu- 
ral. 

SUPERFLUOUS,  (fluo,  I  flow,)  flowing  over;  unnecessary. 
SUPERVISE',  (video,  visum,  to  see,)  to  over  see. 

37.  Trans,  with  the  forms  tran,  tra,  tres,  signifies  over, 
through,  beyond. 

TRANSACT',  (ago,  actum,  to  do,  to  perform,)  to  do. 


REVIEW    OF   PREFIXES.  27 

TRANSFER',  (fero,  I  bear,  I  carry,)  to  bear  over  to  another. 
TRANSPORT',  (porto,  I  carry,)  to  carry  beyond  (the  sea). 
TRES'PASS,  (passus,  a  pace,  a  step,)  to  step  beyond. 

38.  Ultra  signifies  beyond. 

ULTRAMUNDANE,  (mundus,  the  world,)  beyond  the  world. 


REVIEW  OF  PREFIXES. 

[This  exercise  is  intended  to  familiarize  pupils  with  the  prefixes,  and  at  the  same  time 
to  teach  a  few  of  the  more  important  roots.  It  can  be  omitted  in  advanced  classes.] 

There  is  a  great  objection  to  the  common  practice  of  invariably  giving  the  definition 
of  a  verb  in  the  infinitive  mood.  Comparatively  speaking,  this  form  of  the  verb  is  rarely 
used;  and  the  attempt  to  force  it  into  sentences,  in  which  the  idea  would  be  much  more 
easily  expressed  by  a  finite  verb,  tends  to  produce  a  stiff  and  awkward  style.  Teachers 
will  find  it  an  excellent  exercise  to  require  the  meaning  both  in  the  infinitive  and  in  the 
mood  and  tense  used  in  tlie  sentence.  This  will  aid  pupils  in  giving  the  exact  meaning 
of  the  verbs  that  occur  in  their  reading,  and  will  correct  the  pernicious  habit  of  defining 
every  verb  in  the  infinitive,  no  matter  what  its  mood  may  be. 

1.  A.' go,  I  do,  I  perform.     Ac'tum,  to  do,  to  perform. 
EXACT',  a.  accurate. 

TRANSACT',  v.  to  perform. 
Be  very  exact  when  you  are  sent  to  transact  any  business. 

2.  Ar'ma,  arms,  weapons. 
DISARM',  v.  to  take  away  the  arms. 

When  a  rebel  is  taken  prisoner,  it  is  necessary  to  disarm  him. 

3.  Bel'lum,  war. 
REB'EL,  n.  one  who  revolts. 

When  a  rebel  is  taken  prisoner,  it  is  necessary  to  take  away  his 
gun,  and  other  weapons. 

4.  Bi'ni,  two  by  two. 
COMBINE',  v.  unite. 

A  cipher  has  no  value,  except  we  combine  it  with  a  figure. 

5.  Ca'pio9  I  take.     Cap'tum,  to  take. 
INTERCEPT',  v.  to  seize  by  the  way. 
EXCEPT',  unless  (4).* 

*  A  number  after  a  word,  refers  to  the  paragraph  in  which  the  sen- 
tence containing  the  word  is  found;  thus,  Except,  unless  (4).  The 
word  "  Except"  will  be  found  in  the  sentence  under  Root  4. 


28  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

General  Gage  found  it  difficult  to  provide  for  the  army,  as  the 
Americans  endeavored  to  intercept  his  supplies. 

6.  Ce'do,  I  yield,  I  go.     Ces'sum,  to  yield,  to  go. 
ACCEDE',  v.  to  agree. 

CONCEDE',  v.  admit. 

EXCEED',  v.  go  beyond. 

INTERCEDE',  v.  to  request  in  behalf  of  another. 

PRECEDE',  v.  to  go  before. 

PROCEED',  v.  go  forward. 

RECEDE',  v.  to  go  back. 

Columbus  tried  every  means  to  induce  Queen  Isabella  to  accede 
to  his  request. 

"  I  do  not  concede  the  point,  that  you  have  the  right  to  tax  us," 
said  John  Adams. 

The  cotton,  wheat,  wool,  and  oil  that  we  export,  exceed  in  value 
the  silver  that  we  produce. 

When  a  person  is  convicted  of  crime,  his  friends  are  sometimes 
willing  to  intercede  for  his  pardon. 

The  officer  ordered  the  cavalry  to  precede  the  infantry. 

To  divide  by  a  fraction,  invert  the  divisor  and  proceed  as  in 
multiplication. 

It  is  pleasant  to  stand  on  the  shore  and  see  the  waves  recede. 

7.  Cello,  I  bide. 
CONCEAL',  v.  to  bide. 

Columbus  was  not  able  to  conceal  the  fact  that  there  was  dan- 
ger in  the  voyage. 

8.  Cer'tO,  I  contend,  I  vie. 
CONCERT',  v.  to  contrive  together. 

Washington  held  a  council  of  his  officers,  in  1781,  to  concert  a 
plan  to  capture  Yorktown. 

9.  Ci'to,  I  rouse,  I  call  forth. 
EXCITE',  v.  stir  up. 

Harsh  words  excite  angry  passions  and  often  induce  persons  to 
quarrel. 

10.  Cla'mo,  I  cry  out,  I  shout.    Clama'tum,  to  cry  out, 

to  shout. 

PROCLAIM',  v.  publish  by  authority. 
RECLAIM',  v.  to  reform. 


REVIEW    OF  PREFIXES.  29 

The  old  bell  in  Independence  Hall  has  engraved  upon  it,  "  Pro- 
claim liberty  throughout  all  the  land,  unto  all  the  inhabitants 
thereof." 

Reformatory  Homes  are  intended  to  reclaim  and  reform  those 
who  have  bad  habits. 

11.  Clau'do,  I  shut.    Clau'sum,  to  shut. 
CONCLUDE',  v.  decide. 

PRECLUDE',  v.  prevent,  shut  out. 

When  you  perform  examples  in  Arithmetic,  do  not  conclude  too 
hastily  that  the  answers  are  correct,  but  carefully  apply  the  rule. 

The  Patent  Laws  preclude  all  persons,  except  the  inventor,  from 
taking  out  a  patent. 

12.  Cli'no,  I  bend. 

DECLINE',  v.  refuse. 
EECLINE',  v.  to  lie  down. 

When  a  person  is  called  as  a  witness  in  court,  he  cannot  decline 
to  testify. 

In  ancient  times  it  was  customary  to  recline  at  meals. 

13.  Cum'bo,  I  lie  down. 

SUCCUMB',  v.  to  yield. 

The  First  Congress  determined  to  adopt  such  resolutions  as  would 
show  that  they  never  intended  to  succumb. 

U.  Cur'ro,  I  run.     Cur' sum,  to  run. 

CONCUR',  v.  agree. 
OCCUR',  v.  happen. 

When  Columbus  explained  his  plans,  the  learned  men  of  Spain  and 
Portugal  did  not  concur. 

"  No  matter  what  difficulties  occur,"  said  De  Soto,  "  I  intend  to 
traverse  the  distance  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Mississippi." 

15.  Di'co,  I  say.     Dic'tum,  to  say. 
PREDICT',  v.  foretell. 

Many  writers  predict  a  time  of  peace  on  earth  called  the  Mil- 
lennium. 

16.  Do'leo,  I  grieve. 

CONDOLE',  v.  to  sympathize  with  another  in  his  grief. 

As  far  as  circumstances  permit,  we  ought  to  condole  with  those 
in  affliction. 


30  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

17.  Du'co,  I  lead.     Duc'tum,  to  lead. 

ADDUCE',  v.  bring  forward. 

CONDUCE',  v.  tend. 

DEDUCE',  v.  to  infer. 

PKODUCE',  v.  manufacture  or  grow. 

KEDUCE',  v.  to  make  less. 

INDUCE',.^,  persuade  (9). 

What  fact  can  you  adduce  in  proof  that  the  earth  is  round  ? 

Pure  air,  exercise,  and  cleanliness  conduce  to  keep  the  body  healthy. 

James  Watt  was  able  to  deduce  the  principle  of  the  steam-engine 
from  the  lifting  of  the  kettle-lid  by  steam. 

Every  year  we  produce  so  many  new  articles,  that  we  are  able 
to  reduce  our  imports. 

18.  Fa'cies,  a  face. 
DEFACE',  v.  to  disfigure. 
EFFACE',  v.  to  expunge. 

It  is  easy  to  deface  furniture  by  writing  upon  it ;  but  it  is  not  so 
easy  to  efface  what  you  have  written. 

19.  FaJma,  fame. 
DEFAME',  v.  to  slander. 

Washington  had  many  enemies,  who  tried  in  every  way  to  de- 
fame his  character. 

20.  Ferido,  I  strike.    Ferisum,  to  strike. 
DEFEND',  v.  protect. 

OFFEND',  v.  to  annoy. 

Nearly  all  animals  will  defend  their  young  against  those  that 
assail  them. 

Those  who  wish  to  live  peaceably  with  their  neighbors  are  careful 
not  to  offend  them. 

21.  Fe'ro,  I  bear,  I  carry.     La'tUWl,  to  bear,  to  carry. 

CONFER',  v.  to  consult. 

DEFER',  v.  put  off. 

OF'FER,  n.  proposal. 

TRANSFER*',  v.  to  convey  to  another. 

Penn  was  always  ready  to  confer  with  the  Indians  and  explain 
anything  that  seemed  wrong. 

Do  not  defer  till  to-morrow  what  ought  to  be  done  to-day. 

England  and  America  did  not  accept  the  offer  of  Russia  to  me^ 
diate  in  1812. 


REVIEW    OF   PREFIXES.  31 

"  If  you  wish  to  transfer  me  to  another  department,  I  will  not 
oppose  it,"  said  the  General. 

22.  Fi'do,  I  trust. 
CONFIDE',  v.  to  impart. 

A  good  child  loves  to  confide  his  secrets  to  his  mother. 

23.  Fi'go,  I  fix,  I  fasten.     Fix'um,  to  fix,  to  fasten. 
PRE'FIX,  n.  a  syllable  placed  before  the  root. 
SUF'FIX,  n.  a  syllable  placed  after  the  root. 

The  prefix,  root,  and  sujfioc  assist  us  very  much  in  finding  the 
meaning  of  a  word. 

24.  Fir'mus,  strong. 

AFFIRM',  v.  to  assert  (without  taking  an  oath). 
CONFIRM',  v.  establish. 
INFIRM',  a.  feeble. 

A  witness  in  Court  is  allowed  to  affirm  if  he  prefers. 

Historians  do  not  confirm  the  story  of  George  Washington  and 
the  hatchet. 

John  Adams,  though  very  infirm,  lived  to  see  the  fiftieth  anni- 
versary of  American  Independence. 

25.  Flam'ma,  a  flame. 
INFLAME',  v.  irritate. 

Angry  words  inflame  the  passions,  but  a  soft  answer  turns 
away  wrath. 

26.  Flec'to,  I  bend.    Flex'um,  to  bend. 
REFLECT',  v.  to  bend  back. 

To  reflect  the  light  of  the  sun,  the  moon  must  be  opaque. 

27.  Fli'go,  I  beat,  I  dash.     Flic'tum,  to  beat,  to  dash. 
AFFLICT',  v.  to  distress. 

Nothing  in  the  Revolution  seemed  to  afflict  the  patriots  so  much 
as  the  treason  of  Arnold. 

28.  Flu'o,  I  flow.    Flux'um,  to  flow. 
IN'FLUX,  n.  a  flowing  in. 

There  was  a  great  influx  of  visitors  in  Philadelphia  to  attend  the 
"  Centennial  International  Exhibition." 

29.  For'ma9  form,  beauty. 
DEFORM',  v.  injure  the  shape  of. 
TRANSFORM',  v.  to  change. 


32  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

PERFORM',  v.  do  (11). 
REFORM',  v.  to  reclaim  (10). 

Stand  erect,  frequently  expand  the  chest,  and  do  not  deform  the 
body  by  stooping. 

Fairy  stories  pretend  that  a  fairy  has  power  to  transform  a 
pumpkin  into  a  fine  coach. 

30.  Frons  (froritis),  the  forehead. 
CONFRONT',  v.  to  meet  face  to  face. 

General  Taylor  determined  not  to  prolong  the  Mexican  War,  but 
to  confront  Santa  Anna  at  Buena  Vista. 

31.  Furido,  I  pour.    Fu'sum,  to  pour. 
INFUSE',  v.  to  instil. 

Washington  tried  to  infuse  fresh  spirit  and  energy  into  his  soldiers. 

32.  Gra'dior,  I  go  step  by  step.    Gres'sus,  going  step 

by  step. 

DEGRADE',  v.  to  debase. 
The  use  of  vulgar  language  is  sure  to  degrade  the  character. 

33.  Hce'reo,  I  stick.    JTce'sum,  to  stick. 
ADHERE',  v.  to  stick  to. 

COHERE',  v.  stick  together. 

Glue  causes  smooth  surfaces  to  adhere  more  easily  than  rough  ones. 

In  solid  bodies,  such  as  wood,  iron,  etc.,  the  particles  firmly  co- 
here. 

34.  Ha'lo,  I  breathe. 
INHALE',  v.  breathe  in. 

We  exhale  and  inhale  many  times  in  a  minute. 

35.  Hu'mus,  the  ground. 
EXHUME',  v.  to  disinter. 

Charles  the  Second  gave  orders  to  exhume  the  body  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  who  had  been  dead  more  than  two  years. 

36.  Jurigo,  I  join.    Junc'tum,  to  join. 
AD'JUNCTS,  n.  words  joined. 

The  relative,  with  its  adjuncts,  should  be  placed  near  its  ante- 
cedent. 

37.  Jus  (ju'ris),  justice,  law.     Jus'tus,  just. 
ADJUST',  v.  set  right. 

Each  one  must  adjust  the  microscope  to  suit  his  own  eye. 


REVIEW    OF   PREFIXES.  33 

38.  Lorigus,  long. 

PROLONG',  v.  to  lengthen  out  (30). 

39.  Man' do,  I  command.     Manda'tum,  to  command. 
COMMAND',  n.  injunction. 

REMAND',  v.  to  send  back. 

If  pupils  desire  to  acquire  a  good  education,  they  should  cheerfully 
obey  every  command  of  the  teacher. 

When  William  Penn  was  ordered  to  appear  in  court,  he  hoped  to  be 
set  at  liberty,  but  the  Judge  determined  to  remand  him  to  prison. 

40.  Matu'rus,  ripe. 
IMMATURE',  a.  unripe. 
PREMATURE',  a.  too  hasty. 

Fruit  is  not  wholesome  when  it  is  immature  or  unripe. 
When  the  rocks  at  Hurl  Gate  were  to  be  blown  up,  great  care  was 
taken  to  prevent  a  premature  explosion. 

41.  Mer'go,  I  dip.    Mer'sum,  to  dip. 

EMERGE',  v.  to  rise  out. 
IMMERSE',  v.  to  dip. 

Have  you  ever  seen  a  diver  emerge  from  the  water  ? 

In  bathing,  it  is  necessary  to  immerse  the  whole  body  in  water, 
especially  the  head. 

42.  MittO,  I  send.     Mis' sum,  to  send. 
EMIT',  v.  send  out. 

SUBMIT',  v.  to  yield. 
TRANSMIT',  v.  to  deliver. 
PERMIT',  v.  allow  (16). 

Volcanoes  are  burning  mountains  which  emit  lava,  ashes,  stones,  etc. 

If  a  student  refuses  to  submit  to  the  rules  of  the  college,  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  president  to  expel  him. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  was  formed  to  transmit  the 
blessings  of  liberty  to  posterity,  and  to  promote  the  general  welfare. 

43.  Mo'veo,  I  move.    Mo'tum,  to  move. 
PROMOTE',  v.  to  advance  (42). 

44.  Ned  to,  I  tie,  or  bind.     Neotfum,  to  tie,  or  bind. 
CONNECT',  v.  to  unite. 

A  tunnel,  under  the  Straits  of  Dover,  is  proposed  to  connect 
England  and  France. 

C 


34  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

45.  Op'to,  I  wish.    Opta'tum,  to  wish. 
ADOPT',  v.  to  take  to  one's  self. 

It  was  not  unusual  for  an  Indian  chief  to  adopt  a  captive. 

46.  O'ro,  I  pray,  I  ask.     Ora'tum,  to  pray,  to  ask. 
ADORE',  v.  worship. 

The  heathen  adore  the  thing  that  they  themselves  have  made. 

47.  Pan' do,  I  lay  open,  I  spread.    Pan' sum,  to  lay  open, 

to  spread. 
EXPAND',  v.  enlarge  (29). 

48.  Par,  equal,  like. 

COMPARE',  v.  examine  with  reference  to  likeness. 

When  we  compare  England  and  the  United  States,  we  find  that 
England  is  a  little  larger  than  New  York. 

49.  Pel'lo,  I  drive.     Pul'sum,  to  drive. 

IMPEL',  v.  to  drive  forward. 
KEPEL',  v.  to  drive  back. 
EXPEL',  v.  to  drive  out  (42). 

We  consume  coal  to  impel  cars,  compress  cotton,  and  transport 
goods  to  foreign  countries. 

In  1637,  Massachusetts  assisted  Connecticut  to  repel  the  Pequods, 
who  had  attacked  them. 

50.  Pen'deo,  I  hang.  Pen' sum,  to  hang. 
SUSPEND',  v.  to  hang. 

Formerly,  it  was  the  custom  to  suspend  lamps  by  chains  across 
the  streets. 

51.  Plarita,  a  plant. 
IMPLANT/,  v.  to  infuse. 
SUPPLANT',  v.  to  displace. 
TRANSPLANT',  v.  to  plant  in  another  place. 

When  William  Penn  came  to  America,  he  told  his  wife  to  im- 
plant in  the  rninds  of  their  children  the  importance  of  truthfulness. 

General  Gates  tried  to  supplant  General  Washington  as  Com- 
mander-in-chief. 

Several  authors  describe  a  method  by  which  it  is  possible '  to 
transplant  large  trees. 

52.  Pla'nus,  plain. 
EXPLAIN',  v.  to  make  clear  (21). 


REVIEW   OF   PREFIXES.  35 

53.  Pli'co,  I  fold.    Plica'tum,  to  fold. 
APPLY',  v.  fix  closely  (11). 

54.  Plo'ro,    I    cry,    I   bewail.     Plora'tum,  to    cry,  to 

bewail. 
DEPLORE',  v.  regret. 

War  is  so  horrible  that  all  good  men  deplore  the  necessity  for  it. 

55.  Po'no,  I  put  or  place.    Pos'itum,  to  put  or  place. 
DEPOSE',  v.  to  put  from  (the  throne). 

INTERPOSE',  v.  interfere. 
TRANSPOSE',  v.  to  change  the  place  of. 
OPPOSE',  v.  resist  (21). 

Charles  the  First  hoped,  that  if  Parliament  determined  to  depose 
him,  the  King  of  France  would  interpose  and  save  him. 

We  are  very  apt  to  transpose  the  e  and  the  i  in  such  words  as 
believe,  siege,  and  liege. 

56.  Por'tO,  I  carry. 

IMPORT',  v.  to  bring  into  a  country. 
EXPORT',  v.  to  send  out  of  a  country. 
TRANSPORT',  v.  to  carry  (49). 

The  United  States  used  to  import  many  articles  which  they  now 
export. 

57.  Pre'mo,  I  press.    Pres'sum,  to  press. 
COMPRESS',  v.  to  make  smaller  by  pressure  (49). 

58.  Quce'ro,  I  seek,  I  ask.    Qucesi'tum,  to  seek,  to  ask. 
ACQUIRE',  v.  to  obtain  (39). 

59.  Ita'do,  I  shave.    Ha'sum,  to  shave. 
ERASE',  v.  to  rub  out. 

To  erase  pencil-marks  use  India-rubber ;   acid  will  erase  some 
kinds  of  ink. 

60.  Hi'vus,  a  stream,  a  river. 
ARRIVE',  v.  come  to. 
DERIVE',  v.  deduce. 

The  Puritans  did  not  arrive  at  Plymouth  until  December  21, 1620. 
We  derive  a  great  many  common  words  from  the  root,  ago,  I  do, 
I  perform. 


36  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

61.  Hup'twm,  to  break. 
ABRUPT',  a.  unconnected. 

George  the  Third,  King  of  England,  showed  that  he  was  insane  by 
his  abrupt  answers. 

62.  Sa'lio,  I  leap,  I  spring.     Saltum,  to  leap,  to  spring. 
ASSAIL',  v.  attack  (20). 

63.  Sd'nus,   sound,  healthy. 
INSANE',  a.  deranged  (61). 

64.  Scarido,  I  climb.    Scarisum,  to  climb. 
DESCEND',  v.  to  go  down. 

Travellers  find  it  as  difficult  to  descend,  as  it  is  to  ascend,  the  Alps. 

65.  Scri'bo,  I  write.    Scrip'tum,  to  write. 
PRESCRIBE',  v.  give  a  rule  of  conduct. 
SUBSCRIBE',  v.  to  write  one's  name. 
DESCRIBE',  v.  give  an  account  of  (51). 

Both  Houses  of  Congress  prescribe  the  rules  for  the  expulsion 
of  a  member. 
To  write  one's  name  at  the  close  of  an  article  is  to  subscribe  it. 

66.  Se'co,  I  cut.    Sec'tum,  to  cut. 
INTERSECT',  v.  cross  each  other. 

In  the  upper  part  of  New  York,  the  streets  intersect  each  other 
at  right  angles. 

67.  Sis'to  or  Sto,  I  stand,  I  set  up. 
EESIST',  v.  to  withstand. 
ASSIST',  v.  help  (23). 

Steel  has  power  to  resist  a  greater  strain  than  iron. 

68.  Sol'vo,  I  loose.    Solu'tum,  to  loose. 
ABSOLVE',  v.  to  loose  from. 

The  effect  of  the  Bankrupt  Law,  repealed  in  1878,  was  to  absolve 
the  debtor  from  obligation  to  pay. 

69.  Spi'ro,  I  breathe.    SpircCtum,  to  breathe. 
CONSPIRE',  v.  plot. 

INSPIRE',  v.  to  infuse  into  the  mind. 
TRANSPIRE',  v.  to  become  known. 

Columbus  tried  to  inspire  his  men  with  hope,  for  he  feared  they 
would  conspire  to  throw  him  overboard. 


REVIEW    OF  PREFIXES.  37 

So  many  were  in  the  Gunpowder  Plot,  that  it  was  almost  certain 
to  transpire  before  the  day  fixed. 

70.  Sporideo,  I  promise.     Sporisum,  to  promise. 
KESPOND',  v.  to  answer. 

Arnold  did  not  like  to  advert  to  his  treason,  and  generally  refused 
to  respond  if  questioned  on  the  subject. 

71.  Stru'o,  I  build,  I  construct.    Struc'tum,  to  build,  to 

construct. 
OBSTRUCT',  v.  to  block  up. 

No  one  is  allowed  to  obstruct  public  roads,  or  the  streets  of  a  city. 

72.  Srimo,  I  take.    Sump'tum,  to  take. 
CONSUME',  v.  use  ;  burn  (49). 

73.  Terido,  I  stretch.    Terisum,  to  stretch. 
ATTEND',  v.  to  be  present  at  (28). 

74.  Tes'tis,  a  witness. 
ATTEST',  v.  to  certify  to. 

In  making  a  will,  it  is  necessary  to  procure  witnesses  to  attest  the 
signature. 

75.  Tol'lo,  I  lift  up. 
EXTOL',  v.  praise  highly. 

Not  only  Americans,  but  foreigners  extol  the  characters  of  Wash- 
ington, Adams,  Jay,  and  others,  who  formed  the  government  in  1789. 

76.  Tra'ho,  I  draw.    Trac'tum,  to  draw. 
ATTRACT',  v.  draw. 

All  the  planets,  as  they  revolve  in  their  orbits,  attract  the  sun. 

77.  TriUuo,  I  give.    Tribu'tum,  to  give. 
CONTRIB'UTE,  v.  to  give  in  common  with  others. 
DISTRIB'UTE,  v.  to  dispense. 

When  there  is  great  suffering,  every  one  is  glad  to  contribute 
something. 

During  the  prevalence  of  the  fever,  it  was  necessary  to  distribute 
food  and  clothing  to  the  sufferers. 

78.  Tru'do,  I  thrust.    Tru'sum,  to  thrust. 
OBTRUDE',  v.  thrust  in. 

Cuckoos  will  obtrude  themselves  wherever  they  can  find  a  nest. 
4 


38  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

79.  Va!do,  I  go.     Va!sum,  to  go. 

EVADE',  v.  to  elude. 

INVADE',  v.  to  enter  as  an  enemy. 

PERVADE',  v.  to  spread  through. 

Prince  Charles,  in  order  to  evade  his  pursuers,  hid  himself  in  a 
large  oak-tree. 

Montgomery  and  Arnold  determined  to  invade  Canada  in  the 
winter  of  1775. 

The  odor  of  some  substances,  such  as  musk,  etc.,  will  continue  to 
pervade  the  air  of  a  room  for  years. 

80.  Ve'nio,  I  come.     Veritum,  to  come. 

CONVENE',  v.  to  assemble. 
INTERVENE',  v.  come  between. 
PREVENT',  v.  to  hinder  (40). 

President  Van  Buren,  hoping  to  avert  some  evils,  determined  to 
convene  Congress. 

More  than  three  months  intervene  between  the  election  and  the 
inauguration  of  a  President  of  the  United  States. 

81.  Fer'gro,  I  bend. 

DIVERGE',  v.  tend  away  from  each  other. 

Lines,  which  diverge  in  one  direction,  converge  in  the  opposite 
direction. 

82.  Ver'to,  I  turn.     Ver'sum,  to  turn. 

1  CONVERT',  v.  to  change  from  one  state  to  another. 
DI'VERSE,  a.  various. 

PERVERT',  v.  to  turn  in  the  wrong  direction. 
SUBVERT',  v.  to  destroy. 
ADVERT',  v.  to  turn  the  attention  to  (70). 
AVERT,'  v.  to  turn  away  (80). 
TRAV'ERSE,  v.  to  pass  over  (14). 

Many  and  diverse  operations  are  needed  to  convert  a  piece  of 
iron  into  a  needle. 

On  the  trial  of  Aaron  Burr  for  treason,  it  was  evident  that  the 
witnesses  did  not  pervert  his  words. 

Every  one  who  breaks  a  law  helps  to  subvert  the  government. 

83.  Vi'deo,  I  see.     Vi'sum,  to  see. 
PROVIDE',  v.  to  procure  supplies  (5). 


S  UF  FIXES.  39 

84.  Vi'vo,  I  live.     Vic'tum,  to  live. 
KEVIVE',  v.  come  to  life  again. 

Animals  that  lie  dormant  all  winter  revive  in  the  spring. 

85.  Vo'co,  I  call.     Voca'tum,  to  call. 
CONVOKE',  v.  to  assemble. 

KEVOKE',  v.  to  repeal. 

If  the  state  of  the  country  demands  it,  Queen  Victoria  has  power 
to  convoke  Parliament. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  has  no  power  to  revoke  a  law, 
even  though  it  is  a  bad  one. 

86.  Vol'vo,  I  roll.     Volu'tum,  to  roll. 
KEVOLVE',  v.  roll  around  (76). 


ARRANGEMENT  FOR  WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

1.  ANNOUNCED  to  give  notice  of.     An  for  ad,  to ;  nuncio,  I  announce. 
Washington  sent  a  special  messenger  to  Congress,  to  announce  the  sur- 
render of  Cornwallis  in  1781. 

2.  APPEAB',  to  be  present.     Ap  for  ad,  to ;   pareo,  I  am  present. 
When  William  Penn  was  ordered  to  appear  in  court,  he  hoped  to  be  set 
at  liberty. 

III.  SUFFIXES. 

ANGLO-SAXON  AND  LATIN. 

1.  Able,  Ble,  Ible,  that  may  be  or  that  can  be;  worthy 

of;  fit  to  be. 

AR'ABLE,  (aro,  I  plough,)  that  can  be  ploughed  or  tilled. 
AU'DIBLE,  (audio,  I  hear,)  that  can  be  heard. 
CU'RABLE,  (cura,  care,)  that  may  be  cured. 
ED'IBLE,  (edo,  I  eat,)  fit  to  be  eaten. 
A'MIABLE,  (amo,  I  love,)  worthy  of  being  loved. 
LEG'IBLE,  (lego,  I  gather,  I  select,  I  read,)  that  may  be  read. 
FLEXIBLE,  (flecto,  flexum,  to  bend,)  that  can  be  bent. 
VIS'IBLE,  (video,  visum,  to  see,)  that  can  be  seen. 

2.  A_ceous9  of;  consisting  of;  like  or  resembling;  y. 
FOLIA'CEOUS,  (folium,  .a  leaf,)  consisting  of  leaves. 


40  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

3.  AciOHS,  much;  very;  strongly;  disposed  to. 
TENA'CIOUS,  (teneo,  I  hold,  I  keep,)  holding  strongly. 
VERA'CIOUS,  (verus,  true,)  disposed  to  telling  the  truth. 
CONTUMA'CIOUS,  (tumeo,  I  swell,)  swelling  greatly  with  pride. 
PUGNA'CIOUS,  (pugna,  a  battle,)  disposed  to  fight. 

4.  A.cy,  state  of  being;  quality  of  being;  office  of. 
AC'CURACY,  (cura,  care,)  the  state  of  being  careful. 
MAGISTRACY,  (magister,  magistri,  a  magistrate,)  the  office 

of  a  magistrate. 
CONFEDERACY,  (fcedus,  foederis,  a  league,  a  covenant,)  the 

state  of  being  leagued  together. 
AD'EQ,UACY,  (sequus,  equal,)  the  quality  of  being  equal  to. 

5*  Age9  act  of;  a  collection  of;  condition  of;  state  of  being; 

an  allowance  for. 

FO'LIAGE,  (folium,  a  leaf,)  a  collection  of  leaves. 
PEER'AGE,  (par,  equal,  like,)  the  condition  of  a  peer. 
POR'TERAGE,  (porto,  I  carry,)  an  allowance  for  carrying. 

6.  A.I,  act  of;  of;  pertaining  to;  befitting;  done  by. 
FRATER'NAL,  (frater,  a  brother,)  of  a  brother ;  pertaining 

to  a  brother. 
FIL'IAL,  (filius,  a  son ;  filia,  a  daughter,)  befitting  a  son  or 

daughter. 

MATER' NAL,  (mater,  a  mother,)  pertaining  to  a  mother. 
RE' GAL,  (rego,  I  direct,  I  rule,)  of  &  king  ;  kingly. 
MAN' UAL,  (manus,  the  hand,)  done  by  the  hand. 
RU'RAL,  (rus,  ruris,  the  country,)  pertaining  to  the  country. 
SO'CIAL,  (socius,  a  companion,)  pertaining  to  a  companion. 
MEN'TAL,  (mens,  mentis,  the  mind,)  of  the  mind. 

7.  A.n,  A.lflC9  Han,  Ian,  one  who  or  the  person  that;  per- 

taining to. 

AR'TISAN,  (ars,  artis,  art,-)  one  who  practises  an  art. 
VET'ERAN,  (vetus,  veteris,  old,)  one  who  is  an  old  soldier. 
PAR'TISAN,  (pars,  partis,  a  part,)  pertaining  to  a  party. 
HU'MAN,  (homo,  hominis,  a  man,)  pertaining  to  man. 
HUMANE',  (homo,  a  man,) pertaining  to  man;  benevolent. 


8  UFFIXES.  41 

MUN'DANE,  (mundus,  the  earth,  the  world,)  pertaining  to 

the  earth. 
MERID'IAN,  (medius,  the  middle ;  dies,  a  day,)  pertaining 

to  the  middle  of  the  day. 

AGRA'RIAN,  (ager,  agri,  a  field,)  pertaining  to  fields  or  land. 
EURQPE'AN,  one  who  lives  in  Europe  ;  a  native  of  Europe. 

8.  Ance,  Ancy,  Ence,  Ency,  act  of;  state  of  being; 

quality  of  being ;  ing. 

ACCEPT' ANCE,  (capio,  captum,  to  take,)  the  act  of  taking. 
AU'DIENCE,  (audio,  I  hear,)  a  hearm^;   an  assembly  of 

hearers. 
CLEM'ENCY,  (clemens,  dementis,  mild,  merciful,)  the  quality 

of  being  merciful. 

CRE'DENCE,  (credo,  I  believe,)  the  act  of  believing. 
CUR'RENCY,  (curro,  I  run,)  the  state  of  being  current. 
FLU'ENCY,  (flue,  I  flow,)  the  quality  of  flowing. 
CONFLUENCE,  (fluo,  I  flow,)  the  Rowing  together. 
CON'STANCY,  (sisto  or  sto,  I  stand,)  the  state  or  quality  of 

being  constant. 

9.  Alflt,  Ent9  one  who,  or  the  person  that;  being;  ing. 
DEFEND' ANT,  (fendo,  I  keep  off,)  one  who  defends. 
A'GENT,  (ago,  I  do,  I  perform,)  one  who  does. 

KE'GENT,  (rego,  I  direct,  I  rule,)  one  who  rules  (in  place 

of  the  sovereign). 
AR'DENT,  (ardeo,  I  burn,)  burnm^. 
DOR'MANT,  (dormio,  I  sleep,)  sleepm^. 

1  10.  AT,  one  who,  or  the  person  that ;  like ;  of;  belonging  or 

pertaining  to;  having. 
LI'AR,  one  who  lies. 
BEG' GAR,  one  who  begs. 

AN'GULAR,  (angulus,  a  corner,)  having  corners. 
CIR'CULAR,  (circulus,  a  little  circle,)  like  a  circle ;  pertain- 
ing to  a  circle. 
LU'NAR,  (luna,  the  moon,)  of  the  moon ;  pertaining  to  the 

moon. 

IN'SULAR,  (insula,  an  island,)  belonging  to  an  island. 
4* 


42  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

11.  Ard,  one  who,  or  the  person  that. 
DRUNK' ARD,  one  who  gets  drunk. 
LAG'GARD,  one  who  lags  or  is  late. 
SLUG'GARD,  one  who  is  sluggish. 

12.  ATy9  one  who,  or  the  person  that;  the  place  where;  the 

thing  that;  of;  pertaining  to. 

AR'BITRARY,  (arbiter,  arbitri,  a  judge,  an  umpire,)  pertain- 
ing to  a  judge;  not  governed  by  fixed  rule. 
AUXII/IARY,  (auxilium,  help,  aid,)  pertaining  to  a  helper ; 

helping. 
DI'ARY,  (dies,  a  day,)  the  thing  that  keeps  an  account  of 

each  day;  a  journal. 
GRAN'ARY,  (granum,  a  grain  of  corn,)  the  place  where  grain 

is  kept. 
LU'MINARY,  (lumen,  luminis,  light,)  the  thing  that  gives 

light. 
HON'ORARY,  (honor,  honor,)  pertaining  to  honor,  conferring 

honor  only. 
LI'BRARY,  (liber,  libri,  a  book,)  the  place  where  books  are 

kept. 
MIL'ITARY,  (miles,  militis,  a  soldier,)  pertaining  to  soldiers, 

or  war. 

13.  Ate,  one  who,  or  the  person   that;  having;   being;  to 

make,  to  give,  to  put,  or  to  take. 

CU'RATE,  (cura,  care,)  one  who  has  the  care  of  a  parish. 
MAGISTRATE,  (magister,  a  master,)  one  who  acts  as  a  master. 
AN'IMATE,  (anima,  the  life,  the  vital  air,)  to  put  life  into ; 

to  stimulate  ;  to  enliven. 

DEC'ORATE,  (decor,  grace,)  to  give  grace  or  beauty ;  to  adorn. 
LIB'ERATE,  (liber,  free,)  to  make  free. 
AD'EQUATE,  (aequus,  equal,)  being  equal  to. 

14.  Ble,  Able,  Ible.    See  Able. 

15.  Cle,  Cule,  Vie,  little,  small. 

ANIMAL'CULE,  (anima,  the  life,  the  vital  air,)  a  very  small 
animal. 


SUFFIXES.  43 

CAN'TICLE,  (canto,  I  sing,)  a  short  song. 
COR'PUSCLE,  (corpus,  a  body,)  a  minute  body. 

16.  Dom,  the  place  in  which  dominion  is  exercised ;  state  of 

being ;  rank. 

DUKE'DOM,  (duco,  I  lead,)  the  place  in  which  a  duke  exer- 
cises dominion;  the  rank  of  a  duke. 

PRINCE'DOM,  (primus,  first ;  capio,  I  take,)  the  place  where 
a  prince  exercises  dominion. 

17.  Ean.    See  An. 

18.  Ee9  one  who ;  one  to  whom. 

ABSENTEE',  (ens,  entis,  being,)  one  who  is  absent. 
ASSIGNEE',  (signum,  a  sign,  a  seal,)  one  to  whom  an  assign- 
ment is  made. 
KEFUGEE',  (fugio,  I  flee,)  one  who  flees. 

19.  Eer,  Ier9  one  who,  or  the  person  that. 
MOUNTAINEER',  (mons,  montis,  a  high  hill,)  one  who  lives 

on  a  mountain. 

AUCTIONEER',  (augeo,  I  increase ;  auctum,  to  increase),  one 
who  sells  by  auction. 

20.  En,  made  of;  to  make. 
WOOD'EN,  made  of  wood. 
SHORT'EN,  to  make  short. 

21.  Ence,  Ency.    See  Ance. 

22.  lint.    See  Ant. 

23.  Er9  one  who,  or  the  person  that ;  thing  which ;  more. 
TEACH'ER,  one  who  teaches. 

ARCH'ER,  (arcus,  a  bow,)  one  who  shoots  with  bow  and 

arrow. 
FEND'ER,  (fendo,  I  strike,)  that  which  strikes  off  or  defends 

from. 
INQUI'RER,  (quaero,  I  seek,  I  ask,)  one  who  seeks  or  asks 

information. 
ARTIFICER,  (ars,  artis,  art,  skill ;  facio,  I  do,  I  make,)  one 

who  is  skilled  in  work  ;  a  workman. 


44  A    MANUAL    OF    ETYMOLOGY. 

24.  Erly,  Em,  in  the  direction  of. 

NORTHERLY,  NORTH'ERN,  in  the  direction  of  the  north. 

25.  Ery,  Hy9  state  or  quality  of  being ;  the  practice  of;  the 

place  where;  things  of  a  certain  kind  taken  collectively. 

BRAV'ERY,  quality  of  being  brave. 

SLAV'ERY,  the  state  of  being  a  slave. 

PERFUM'ERY,  (fumus,  smoke),  articles  manufactured  by  per- 
fumers taken  collectively;  the  practice  of  &  perfumer. 

FER'RY,  (fero,  I  carry,)  the  place  where  persons  are  carried 
over. 

DISTILL'ERY,  (stilla,  a  drop,)  the  place  where  distilling  is 
carried  on. 

26.  lEscence,  state  of  growing  or  becoming. 
QUIES'CENCE,  (quies,  rest,)  state  of  growing  quiet. 
ADOLES'CENCE,  (oleo,  I  grow,)  the  state  of  growing. 
CONVALESCENCE,  (valeo,  I  am  strong,)  state  of  becoming 

well  or  strong. 
PUTRESCENCE,  (putris,  rotten,)  state  of  becoming  rotten. 

27.  JSscent,  growing  or  becoming. 

INCANDESCENT,  (candeo,  I  glow  with  heat,)  becoming  white 

with  heat. 

PUTRES'CENT,  (putris,  rotten,)  becoming  putrid. 
CONVALESCENT,  (valeo,  I  am  strong,)  growing  strong. 

28.  Esque,  like. 

PICTURESQUE',  (pingo,  I  paint ;  pictum,  to  paint,)  like  a 
picture. 

29.  Et,  Let,  little,  small. 

CLOS'ET,  (claudo,  I  shut ;  clausum,  to  shut,)  a  small  private 

room. 

BIV'ULET,  (rivus,  a  stream,)  a  small  stream. 
CYG'NET,  (cygnus,  a  swan,)  a  young  swan. 

30.  Ety.     See  Ity. 

31.  Ful,  full  of. 

CARE'FUL,  (cura,  care,)  full  of  care. 


8  UFFIXES.  45 

32.  Fy,  to  make. 

FOR'TIFY,  (fortis,  brave,  strong,)  to  make  strong. 
DIG'NIFY,  (dignus,  worthy,)  to  make  worthy ;  to  advance 

to  honor. 

MAG'NIFY,  (magnus,  great,)  to  make  great. 
NUL'LIFY,  (nullus,  nothing,)  to  make  to  nothing. 
•CER'TIFY,  (certus,  certain,)  to  make  certain. 
KEC'TIFY,  (rectus,  right,)  to  make  right. 

33.  Hood,  Head,  state  of  being;  nature  or  distinguishing 

attributes  of. 

CHILD'HOOD,  state  of  being  a  child. 
GOD'HEAD,  the  nature  or  distinguishing  attributes  o/*the  Deity. 

34.  Ian.    See  An. 

35.  Ic,  leal,  pertaining  to;  like;  made  of . 

AQUAT'IC,  (aqua,  water,)  pertaining  to  the  water ;  living  in 
the  water. 

LU'NATIC,  (luna,  the  moon,)  pertaining  to  the  moon ;  a 
maniac. 

MED'ICAL,  (medeor,  I  heal,)  pertaining  to  medicine. 

NAU'TICAL,  (nauta,  a  sailor,)  pertaining  to  sailing  or  navi- 
gation. 

36.  Ice,  the  thing  that;  the  quality  of  being. 

MAI/ICE,  (malus,  evil,  bad,)  the  quality  of  being  evil  or 

malicious. 

JUS'TICE,  (Justus,  just,)  the  thing  that  is  right. 
NO'TICE,  (nota,  a  mark,)  the  thing  that  marks  or  makes 

known. 

37.  ICS9  Ic,  the  doctrine;  science;  art  of. 

Mu'sic,  (musa,  a  muse,)  the  art  of  singing  or  playing  on  a 
musical  instrument. 

38.  Id>9  being ;  ing ;  the  thing  that. 
AC'RID,  (acris,  sharp,)  being  sharp. 
FLU'ID,  (fluo,  I  flow,)  the  thing  that  flows. 
TIM'ID,  (timeo,  I  fear,)  fearm^. 

FER'VID,  (ferveo,  I  boil,  I  am  hot,)  being  hot. 


46  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

39.  ler.    See  Her. 

40.  Ilc9  pertaining  to ;  like ;  that  may  or  can  be  easily. 
HOS'TILE,  (hostis,  a  foe,)  pertaining  to  an  enemy. 
JU'VENILE,  (juvenis,  young,)  pertaining  to  youth. 
DUC'TILE,  (duco,  I  lead ;   ductum,  to  lead,)  that  can  be 

easily  drawn  out  (as  wire). 
FEB'RILE,  (febris,  a  fever,)  pertaining  to  a  fever. 
DOC'ILE,  (doceo,  I  teach,)  that  can  be  easily  taught. 

41.  Ine,  of;  pertaining  to;  like. 

MARINE',  (mare,  the  sea,)  of  the  sea ;  pertaining  to  the  sea. 
CANINE',  (canis,  a  dog,)  like  dogs ;  pertaining  to  dogs. 
SALINE',  (sal,  salt,)  of  salt ;  pertaining  to  salt. 

42.  Ioifl9  the  act  of;  being  or  state  of  being ;  ing ;  that  which. 
CES'SION,  (cedo,  I  yield,  I  go ;  cessum,  to  yield,  to  go,)  the 

act  of  yielding  ;  yieldm^. 

DONA'TION,  (do,  I  give  ;  donum,  a  gift,)  that  which  is  given. 

FU'SION,  (fundo,  I  melt,  I  pour ;  fusum,  to  melt,  to  pour,) 
the  state  of  being  melted. 

SES'SION,  (sedeo,  I  sit ;  sessum,  to  sit,)  a  sittm^  (as  of  Con- 
gress). 

43.  Ise,  I&e,  to  make ;  to  give ;  to  act  like. 
ADVERTISE',  (verto,  I  turn,)  to  make  one  turn  attention 

to  a  thing. 

AU'THORIZE,  (augeo,  I  increase,)  to  give  authority  to. 
LE'GALIZE,  (lex,  legis,  law,)  to  make  lawful. 
FER'TILIZE,  (fero,  I  bear,  I  carry,)  to  make  to  bear ;  to  make 

fertile. 

44.  Ish,  somewhat;  belonging  to;  like;  to  make. 
BLACK'ISH,  somewhat  black. 

SPAN'ISH,  belonging  to  Spain. 
BOY'ISH,  like  a  boy. 

PUB'LISH,  (publico,  I  publish,)  to  make  public. 
FIN'ISH,  (finis,  the  end,)  to  make  an  end  of. 
ESTAB'LISH,  (sto,  I  stand,  I  set  up ;  statum,  to  stand,  to 
set  up,)  to  make  to  stand ;  to  make  firm  or  stable. 


SUFFIXES.  47 

45.  Ism,  state  or  quality  of  being ;  idiom;  doctrine  or  doc- 

trines of;  ing. 

BAR'BARISM,  (barbarus,  rude,  savage,)  state  of  being  savage. 
AN'GLICISM,  (Anglia,  England,)  an  English  idiom. 
FANAT'ICISM,  (fanum,  a  temple,)  the  state  of  being  a  fanatic. 
CAL'VINISM,  the  doctrines  of  Calvin. 

46.  1st,  one  who,  or  the  person  that. 
NOV'ELIST,  (novus,  new,)  one  who  writes  novels. 
FLO'RIST,  (flos,  floris,  a  flower,)  one  who  cultivates  flowers. 
AR'TIST,  (ars,  artis,  art,  skill,)  one  who  practices  an  art. 

47.  Ite,  a  descendant  of;  a  follower  of;  a  sectarian  or  party 

leader. 

IS'RAELITE,  a  descendant  of  Israel. 
HUSS'ITE,  a  follower  of  John  Huss. 

48.  Ity,  Ety,  Ty,  state  or  quality  of  being ;  ness. 
AM'ITY,  (amo,  I  love,)  state  of  being  friends. 
ASPER'ITY,  (asper,  rough,  harsh,)  state  of  being  harsh. 
BREV'ITY,  (brevis,  short,)  quality  of  being  short. 
CELER'ITY,  (celer,  swift,)  swiftness. 

DEN'SITY,  (densus,  thick,  close,)  the  state  of  being  dense. 
LIB'ERTY,  (liber,  free,)  state  of  being  free. 

49.  Ive,  one  who,  or  the  person  that;   that  which;  having 

power ;  ing. 

FU'GITIVE,  (fugio,  I  flee ;  fugitum,  to  flee,)  one  who  flees. 
MO'TIVE,  (moveo,  I  move;  motum,  to  move,)  that  which 

moves. 
RES'TIVE,  (sisto  or  sto,  I  stand,)  st&uding  back ;  refusing  to 

go  forward. 
PERSUA'SIVE,  (suadeo,  I  persuade ;  suasum,  to  persuade,) 

having  power  to  persuade. 
FES'TIVE,  (festum,  a  feast,)  feastm^. 

50.  Ize.    See  Ise. 

51.  Kin,  little. 
LAMB'KIN,  a  little  lamb. 


48  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

52.  Lent,  Olent,  Ulent,  full  of. 

PES'TILENT,  (pestis,  the  plague,)  full  of  the  infection  of  the 

plague  ;  pestilential. 

FRAUD'ULENT,  (fraus,  fraudis,  deceit,)  full  of  fraud. 
COK'PULENT,  (corpus,  a  body  ,)  full  of  body  or  flesh  ;  having 

a  large  body. 

53.  Less,  without. 

ART/LESS,  (ars,  artis,  art,)  without  art. 
POW'ERLESS,  (posse,  to  be  able  ;  potui,  I  am  able,)  without 
power. 

54.  Let  .     See  m. 

55.  I/ike,  like  or  resembling. 
MAN'LIKE,  like  a  man. 

56.  I/ing,  little;  young. 
DUCK'LING,  a  little  or  young  duck. 
LORD'LING,  a  little  lord. 


57.  I/y,  like;  in  a  manner. 

PRINCE'LY,  (primus,  first  ;  capio,  I  take,)  like  a  prince. 
ABRUPT'LY,  (ruptum,  to  break,)  in  an  abrupt  manner. 

58.  JMTent,  (see  Tire  and  Th)  state  of  being;    act  of;  the 

thing  that;  ing. 
AL'IMENT,  (alo,  I  nourish  ;  alitum,  to  nourish,)  that  which 

nourishes. 

CONCEAL'MENT,  (celo,  I  hide,)  concealing. 
ACCOM'PLISHMENT,  (pleo,  I  fill,)  state  of  being  accomplished. 

59.  Mony,  state  or  quality  of  being  ;  thing  that. 
AC'KIMONY,  (acris,  sharp,)  quality  of  being  sharp. 
TESTIMONY,  (testis,  a  witness,)  thing  that  is  offered  by  a 

witness. 

60.  Ness,  state  or  quality  of  being. 

ACUTE-'NESS,  (acuo,  I  sharpen;  acutum,  to  sharpen,)  quality 

of  being  acute. 
KEMOTE'NESS,  (moveo,  I  move  ;  motum,  to  move,)  state  of 

being  remote. 


SUFFIXES.  49 

61.  Ock,  little. 
HILL'OCK,  a  little  hill. 

62.  Olent.    See  Lent. 

63.  OT,  one  who  or  the  person  that ;  the  act  of;  sensation ; 

that  which  causes ;  ness. 

AU'DITOR,  (audio,  I  hear  ;  auditum,  to  hear,)  one  who  hears. 
FA'VOR,  (faveo,  I  befriend,)  the  act  of  favoring. 
SPLEN'DOR,  (splendeo,  I  shine,)  brightness. 

64.  Ory9  the  place  where ;  the  thing  that;  pertaining  to;  ing. 
AR'MORY,  (arma,  arms,)  the  place  where  arms  are  kept. 
DOR'MITORY,  (dormio,  I  sleep ;  dormitum,  to  sleep,)  a  place 

for  sleeping. 
DEROG'ATORY,  (rogo,  I  ask ;  rogatum,  to  ask,)  lessemn^  in 

value. 
PRED'ATORY,  (praeda,  prey,  plunder,)  pertaining  to  plunder ; 

plunderm^. 

65.  Ose,fullof. 

JOCOSE',  (jocus,  a  joke,)  full  of  jokes. 
VERBOSE',  (verbum,  a  word,)/t^  of  words. 

66.  OUS9  full  of;  consisting ;  ing. 
POP'ULOUS,  (populus,  the  people,)  full  of  people. 
FA'MOUS,  (fama,  fame, )  full  of  fame  ;  renowned. 
FERO'CIOUS,  (ferox,  ferocis,  fierce, *)  full  (/fierceness. 
GRIEV'OUS,  (gravis,  heavy,  grievous,)/^/  of  grief ;  causing 

grief. 

67.  My.     See  Ery. 

68.  Ship,  the  office;  the  state  of. 

APPREN'TICE-SHIP,  (prehendo,  I  seize,)  the  state  of  an  ap- 
prentice. 
PART'NER-SHIP,  (pars,  partis,  a  part,)  the  state  of  a  partner. 

69.  Some,  full  of;  causing. 
WEA'RISOME,  causing  weariness. 
FROL'ICSOME,  full  of  frolic. 

6  D 


50  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

VENT'URESOME,  (venio,  I  come ;  ventum,  to  come,)  full  of 
venture. 

70.  Ster,  one  who,  or  the  person  that. 
SONG'STER,  one  who  sings. 
TEAM'STER,  one  who  drives  a  team. 

71.  T9  the  thing  done ;  ing. 

DECEIT',  (capio,  I  do,  I  perform,)  deceiving. 
GIFT,  the  thing  that  is  given. 
WEFT,  the  thing  that  is  woven. 

72.  Th9  (see  Jtfent  and  T7re,)  state  of  being ;  act  of;  the 

thing  that;  ing. 

WEALTH,  the  thing  that  makes  rich. 
GROWTH,  growing. 

73.  Tucle,  Tide,  being  or  state  of  being ;  ness. 
MUL'TITUDE,  (multus,  many,)  being  many  ;  a  large  number. 
QUI'ETUDE,  (quies,  quietis,  quiet,)  quietness. 
AL'TITUDE,  (altus,  high,)  highness  ;  height. 
AP'TITUDE,  (aptus,  fit,  meet,)  being  apt. 

SERVITUDE,  (servio,  I  serve ;  servitum,  to  serve,)  state  of 
being  a  servant. 

74.  Ty.    See  Ity. 

75.  Ude.    BeeTude. 

76.  Ule.    See  Cle. 

77.  Ulent.    See  Lent. 

78.  Ure9  (see  Ment  and  Th9)  state  of  being;  act  of;  the 

thing  that;  ing. 
CREAT'URE,  (creo,  I  create ;  creatum,  to  create,)  the  thing 

that  is  created. 

FRACT'URE,  (frango,  I  break ;  fractum,  to  break,)  breakm^. 
KUPT'URE,  (ruptum,  to  break,)  the  act  of  breaking. 
TEN'URE,  (teneo,  I  hold,)  a  holdm^. 
TEXT'URE,  (textum,  to  weave,)  that  which  is  woven. 
COMPOS'URE,   (pono,   I  put,   I  place ;   positum,  to  put,  to 

place,)  the  state  of  being  composed  ;  calmness. 


REVIEW    OF   SUFFIXES.  51 

79.  Ward,  Wards,  in  the  direction  of. 

WEST'WARD,  in  the  direction  of  the  west ;  towards  the  west. 
WIND' WARD,  in  the  direction  from  which  the  wind  blows. 

80.  Y,  the  state  of  being ;  the  quality  of  being ;  the  faculty  ; 

full  of;  consisting  of;  covered  with. 
IN'FAMY,  (fama,  fame,)  state  of  being  infamous. 
MIS'EKY,  (miser,  wretched,)  state  of  being  wretched. 
MEM'ORY,  (memor,  mindful,)  i^Q  faculty  that  is  mindful. 
MOD'ESTY,  (modestus,  modest,)  the  quality  of  being  modest. 
HEALTH' Y,  full  of  health. 

FLOW'ERY,  (flos,  floris,  a  flower,)  covered  with  flowers. 
CHALK'Y,  consisting  of  chalk. 


REVIEW  OF  SUFFIXES. 

1.  Ag-O9  I  do,  I  perform.     Ac't-um,  to  do,  to  perform. 
ACT'IVE,  having  power  to  act  (56-4).* 

A' GENT,  one  who  does  the  business  of  another  (11-11). 

2.  Al-O,  I  feed,  I  nourish.     Al'it-UWl,  to  feed,  to  nourish. 
AL'IMENT,  nutriment  (13-1). 

3.  Alt-us  (al'ti),  high. 
AL'TITUDE,  height  (15-1). 

4.  Am-o,  I  love.    Ami!c-us9  a  friend. 

A'MIABLE,  lovely  (17-4). 
AM'ITY,  friendship  (17-1). 

5.  Am!pl-us,  large. 
AM'PLIFY,  to  enlarge  (18-2). 

6.  Arigul-US,  an  angle,  a  corner.  4 
AN'GULAR,  having  corners  (20-3). 

*The  numbers  in  parentheses  refer  to  Part  II.,  Latin  Roots.  See  the 
4th  sentence,  under  Root  56,  Part  II.  By  an  unfortunate  casualty  in 
1777,  Arnold  was  unable  to  engage  in  any  active  pursuits. 


52  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

7.  An'iwia,  the  life ;  the  vital  air. 
AN'IMATE,  to  stimulate  (21-4). 

8.  Ap't-us,  fit,  meet. 

APT'ITUDE,  fitness ;  disposition  (26-2). 

9.  A'qua,  water. 
A'QUEOUS,  watery  (27-1). 
AQUAT'IC,  living  in  the  water  (27-2). 

10.  Ar'Mter  (ar'bitr-i),  a  judge  or  umpire. 
AK'BITKAKY,  not  governed  by  any  fixed  rule  (28-2). 

11.  Ar'de-o,  I  burn. 
AR'DENT,  passionate  (31-1). 

12.  Ar'm-a,  arms,  weapons. 

AR'MORY,  the  place  where  arms  are  kept  (35-3). 

13.  Ar-o,  I  plough. 
AR'ABLE,  fit  for  tillage  (36-1). 

14.  Ars  (ar'tis),  art,  skill. 
AR'TISAN,  an  artificer  (35-6). 

15.  As' per,  rough,  harsh. 
ASPER'ITY,  harshness  (39-1). 

16.  Au'di-o,  I  hear.    Audi't-um,  to  hear. 

AU'DIBLE,  that  can  be  heard  (42-2). 
AU'DIENCE,  an  assembly  of  hearers  (38-1). 
AU'DITORY,  an  assembly  of  hearers  (37-4). 
AU'DITOR,  a  hearer  (91-2). 

17.  Auxilfi-um,  help,  aid. 
AUXILIARY,  helping  (43-5). 

18.  Bre'v-is,  short. 

BREV'ITY,  shortness,  conciseness  (54-1). 

19.  Ce'd-o,  I  yield,  I  go.     Ces's-um,  to  yield,  to  go. 
CES'SION,  a  giving  up  (377-5). 

20.  Cel'ebr-is,  renowned,  famous. 

CEi/EBRATE,to  honor  by  ceremonies  of  joy  and  respect  (76-1;. 


REVIEW   OF  SUFFIXES.  63 

21.  Ce'ler,  swift. 
CELER'ITY,  swiftness  (77-2). 

22.  Cer't-US9  sure,  certain. 
CER'TIFY,  to  make  certain  (87-1). 

23.  Cir'cul-US,  a  little  circle. 
CIR'CULATE,  to  move  in  a  circle  (91-1). 

24.  Cla'm-O,  I  cry  out,  I  shout. 

CLAIM' ANT,  one  who  demands  a  right  (93-1). 

25.  Cle'mens  (demerit-is),  mild,  merciful. 
CLEM'ENCY,  mercy  (30-3). 

26.  Co'l-O,  I  cultivate.     Cul't-um,  to  cultivate. 
CULTIVATE,  to  till  (103-1). 

27.  Cor^p-us  (cor'por-is),  a  body. 
COR'PULENT,  having  a  large  body  (112-5). 

28.  Cre'd-o,  I  believe. 
CRE'DENCE,  belief  (114-1). 
CREDIBLE,  worthy  of  belief  (114-3). 
CRED'ULOUS,  apt  to  believe  (45-1). 

29.  Cre'-o,  I  create.     Crea't-um,  to  create. 
CREA'TOR,  God,  the  maker  of  all  things  (115-1). 
CREAT'URE,  an  animal  (115-3). 

30.  Cul'p-a,  a  fault,  blame. 
CUL'PABLE,  blamable  (122-2). 

31.  Cu'r-a,  care. 

CU'RIOUS,  rare,  singular  (124-2). 

CUR' ABLE,  admitting  of  a  remedy  (124-4). 

CU'RATE,  a  clergyman  hired  to  do  the  duties  of  another  (57-3). 

32.  Cur'r-o,  I  run. 
CUR'RENCY,  money  (125-1). 

33.  Deb'e-o,  I  owe.    Deb'it-um,  to  owe. 
DEBT'OR,  the  person  who  owes  (131-1). 

5* 


54  A   MANUAL     OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

34.  De'cor,  grace. 
DEC'ORATE,  to  adorn  (133-3). 

35.  Deris-US,  thick,  close. 
DEN'SITY,  compactness  (135-1). 

36.  Dex'ter,  pertaining  to  the  right  hand ;  expert. 
DEXTER'ITY,  expertness  (138-1). 

37.  DV-es,  a  day. 

MERID'IAN,  (medius,  the  middle,)  noon  (141-2). 
DI'ARY,  a  journal  (139-1). 

38.  Dig'n-us,  worthy. 

DIG'NIFY,  to  advance  to  honor  (143-1). 

39.  Do'n-um,  a  gift. 
DO'NOR,  giver  (147-3). 
DONA'TION,  gift  (36-1). 

40.  Doc'-eo,  I  teach. 

DOC'UMENT,  a  paper  containing  evidence  (11-5). 

41.  Dor'm-io,  I  sleep.    Dormi't-um,  to  sleep. 

DOR'MANT,  insensible  (152-1). 

DOR'MITORY,  a  place  where  persons  sleep  (72-1). 

42.  E'd-o,  I  eat. 
ED'IBLE,  eatable  (161-1). 

43.  JE'qu-US,  equal,  just. 
EQ'UITY,  n.  justice  (169-4). 

44.  Er'r-o,  I  wander.    Erra't-um,  to  wander. 
ERRAT'IC,  eccentric  (170-1). 

45.  Fa'ci-O,  I  do  or  make.     Fac't-um,  to  do  or  make. 
FAC'TORY,  a  place  where  things  are  manufactured  (705-1). 

46.  Fa!m-a,  fame,  renown. 
FA'MOUS,  renowned  (182-1). 

47.  Fe'rox  (fero'cis),  fierce. 
FERO'CIOUS,  savage  (22-5). 


REVIEW    OF   SUFFIXES.  55 

48.  Fes't-um,  a  feast. 
FES'TIVE,  joyful  (199-3). 

49.  Fi'd-o,  I  trust.    Fide'l-is,  faithful. 

FIDEL'ITY,  n.  faithfulness  (63-1). 

50.  Fil'i-us,  a  son.    Fil'i-a,  a  daughter. 
FIL'IAL,  befitting  a  son  or  a  daughter  (42-3). 

51.  Fledt-o9  I  bend.    Flex' -urn,  to  bend. 

FLEXIBLE,  that  can  be  bent  (210-2). 

52.  Flu'-o,  I  flow.    Flux'-um,  to  flow. 
FLU'ENCY,  easy  flow  of  speech  (214-1). 

53.  For't^is,  brave,  strong. 

FOR/TIFY,  to  strengthen  with  forts,  etc.  (218-1). 
FOR'TITUDE,  courage  (42-3). 

54.  Frarig-o,  I  break.    Frac't-um,  to  break. 

FRACT'URE,  a  breaking  (221-1). 
FRAG'MENT,  a  broken  part  (221-2). 

55.  Fra'ter,  a  brother. 
FRATER'NAL,  brotherly  (222-1). 
FRATER'NITY,  brotherhood  (222-2). 

56.  Fraus  (frau'd-is),  deceit. 
FRAUD'ULENT,  deceitful,  dishonest  (122-2). 

57.  Fu'g-io,  I  flee.    Fu'git-um,  to  flee. 
FU'GITIVE,  one  who  flees  (21-7). 

58.  Furid-o,  I  pour.    Fu's-um9  to  pour. 
FU'SION,  state  of  being  melted  (231-1). 

59.  Gla'di-us,  a  sword. 

GLAD'IATOE,,  one  who  fought  in  the  arena  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  .the  Romans  (242-1). 

60.  Grafn-um,  a  grain. 

GRAN'ARY,  a  storehouse  for  grain  (249-2). 

61.  Gra't-llS,  grateful,  pleasing. 
GRAT'ITUDE,  thankfulness  (250-2). 


56  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

62.  Gra'v-is,  heavy,  grievous. 
GKIEV'OUS,  mournful  (251-1). 

63.  Ho'm-O,  a  man. 

HU'MAN,  belonging  to  mankind  (27-3). 

64.  Ho'nor,  respect,  honor. 

HON'OKARY,  intended  merely  to  convey  honor  (250-2). 

65.  Tdem,  the  same. 
IDEN'TICAL,  the  same  (134-2). 

66.  Irisul-a,  an  island. 

IN'SULAR,  belonging  to  an  island  (279-2). 

67.  La!t-us,  broad. 

LATITUDE,  distance  from  the  equator  either  north  or  south 
(107-1). 

68.  Le'g-O,  I  gather,   I  select,   I  read.     Lec't-um,  to 

gather,  to  select,  to  read. 
LE'GIBLE,  that  can  be  read  (302-1). 

69.  lA'ber,  free. 
LIB'ERATE,  to  set  free  (15-2). 
LIB'ERTY,  freedom  (12-4). 

70.  Li'ber  (UVr-i),  a  book. 

LI'BRARY,  a  collection  of  books  ;  the  place  where  books  are 
kept  (147-3). 

71.  Li'g-o,  I  bind.    Liga't-um,  to  bind. 
LIG'AMENT,  a  strong  compact   substance   that  binds  one 

bone  to  another  (310-2). 

72.  lAt'er-a,  a  letter. 

LIT'ERARY,  relating  to  learning  (11-2). 

73.  Lo'c-us,  a  place. 
LOCAL'ITY,  place  (56-3). 

74.  Lorig-us,  long. 

LON'GITUDE,  distance  east  or  west  from  any  established 
meridian  (141-2). 


REVIEW   OF   SUFFIXES.  57 

75.  I/ufn-a,  the  moon. 

LU'NAR,  pertaining  to  the  moon  (170-3). 
LU'NATIC,  an  insane  person  (326-1). 

76.  lai'men  (lu'min-is),  light. 

LU'MINARY,  the  sun ;  a  body  that  gives  light  (206-1). 

77.  Magis'ter  (magis'tr-i),  a  master. 
MAGISTRATE,  a  civil  officer  (328-3). 

78.  Mag'n-us9  great.    Ma'jor,  greater. 
MAG'NIFY,  enlarge ;  to  make  great  (329-2). 
MAJOR'ITY,  the  greater  number  (97-3). 

79.  ])£a'n-US,  the  hand. 

MAN'UAL,  performed  by  the  hand  (157-1). 

80.  Ma'ter  (matr-is),  a  mother. 
MATER'NAL,  pertaining  to  a  mother  (696-1). 

81.  Matu'r-us,  ripe. 
MATU'RITY,  ripeness  (119-1). 

82.  Med'e-or,  I  cure. 

MED'ICAL,  relating  to  healing  (177-3). 

83.  Me'mor,  mindful. 

MEM'ORY,  the  faculty  by  which  we  remember  (345-1). 

84.  Mifl-es  (miHt-is),  a  soldier. 
MILITARY,  pertaining  to  soldiers  (93-2). 

85.  Mi'nor,  less. 

MINOR'ITY,  the  smaller  number  (357-2). 

86.  Mo'd-us,  a  measure. 

MODIFY,  to  change  the  form  of  (363-3). 

87.  Mul't-US,  many. 
MULTITUDE,  a  great  number  (359-3). 

88.  Narit-a,  a  sailor. 

NAU'TICAL,  pertaining  to  sailing  (385-1). 

89.  Nos'c-o,  I  know.    No't-um,  to  know. 
NO'TIFY,  to  make  known  (34-1). 


58  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

90.  Nulfl-us,  no  one. 
NUL'LIFY,  to  make  void  (399-1). 

91.  Nu'mer-U8,  a  number. 
NUMERICAL,  pertaining  to  numbers  (75-12). 

92.  Oc'ul-US,  the  eye. 

OC'ULAR,  perceived  by  the  eye  (405-2). 

93.  O'pus  (o'per-is),  work. 
OP'ERATE,  to  act  (411-2). 

94.  Or'n-o,  I  ornament.     Orna't-um,  to  ornament. 

OR'NAMENT,  adornment  (89-1). 

95.  O'r-o,  I  pray,  I  ask. .   Ora't-um,  to  pray  to  ask. 
OR'ATORY,  eloquence  (418-1). 

96.  Pars  (pa^t-is),  a  part. 
PAR'TISAN,  an  adherent  of  a  party  (394-2). 

97.  Perid-o,  I  weigh,  I  pay  out.    Peris-urn,  to  weigh, 

to  pay  out. 
PEN'SION,  stated  allowance  for  past  services  (443-1). 

98.  Pop'ul-us,  the  people. 

POP'ULAR,  suitable  to  people  in  general  (54-2). 
POP'ULOUS,  full  of  people  (475-1). 

99.  Por't-O,  I  carry. 
POE/TABLE,  easily  carried  (477-1). 

100.  Pro'b-O,  I  approve,  I  try.     Proba't-um,  to  ap- 

prove, to  try. 
PKOB'ITY,  integrity  (696-1). 

101.  Qui'es  (quie't-is),  rest. 
QUI'ETUDE,  tranquillity  (510-5). 

102.  Hdg-0,  I  direct,  I  rule.     Redt-um,  to  direct,  to 

rule. 

RE'GAL,  kingly  (510-2). 

RE' GENT,  one  who  governs  in  place  of  the  sovereign  (326-1). 
REC'TIFY,  to  correct  (522-5). 


REVIEW    O.F   SUFFIXES.  59 

103.  Hup't-um,  to  break. 
RUPT'URE,  open  hostility  (218-1). 

104.  Kus  (ru'r-is),  the  country. 
RU'RAL,  belonging  to  the  country  (120-5). 

105.  Sefc-o,  I  cut.    Sedt-um,  to  cut. 
SEC'TION,  division  (216-5). 

106.  Sed'-eo,  I  sit.    Ses'sum,  to  sit. 
SES'SION,  a  sitting  (14-2). 

107.  Se'men  (sem'in-is),  a  seed. 
SEM'INARY,  a  school  (558-2). 

108.  Ser'vi-o,  I  serve.    Servi't-um,  to  serve. 
SERV'ANT,  one  who  serves  (68-2). 
SERVITUDE,  slavery  (70-2). 

109.  Sis't-O,  or  St-O,  I  stand,  I  set  up. 

REST'IVE,  obstinate  in  refusing  to  move  forward  (576-5). 

110.  Sofd-US9  a  companion. 
SO'CIABLE,  companionable  (286-2). 
SO'CIAL,  pertaining  to  society  (139-2). 

111.  So'l-US,  alone,  only. 
SOLITARY,  living  alone  (20-3). 
SOL'ITUDE,  loneliness  (222-2). 

112.  Sol'v-o,  I  loose.     Solurt-um9  to  loose. 
SOLU'TION,  the  state  of  being  diffused  through  a  fluid  (584-1). 

113.  Teri-eo,  I  hold,  I  keep.    Terit-um,  to  hold,  to  keep. 
TEN'EMENT,  a  habitation  (522-7). 

TEN'URE,  a  holding  (375-1). 

114.  Ter^r-eo,  I  fill  with  fear. 
TER'RIBLE,  fearful  (20-3). 
TER'RIFY,  fill  with  fear  (185-1). 

115.  TexSt-urn,  to  weave. 

TEXT'URE,  the  manner  in  which  anything  is  woven  (178-1). 

116.  Vd'g-US,  wandering. 
VA'GRANT,  wandering  (94-3). 


60  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

117.  Ve'rax  (vera!c-is)9  veracious.  Ve'r-us,  true. 
VEKAC'ITY,  truthfulness  (422-2). 

VEK'IFY,  to  prove  true  (669-2). 

118.  Ve'tus  (veter-is),  old. 
VET'EKAN,  an  old  soldier  (550-1). 

119.  Vid'e-o,  I  see.     Vi's-um,  to  see. 
VIS'IBLE,  that  can  be  seen  (428-1). 
VIS'ION,  sight  (42-2). 

120.  Viric-O,  I  conquer.     Vic't-um,  to  conquer. 
VIC'TOBY.  success  over  an  enemy  (321-2). 


ARRANGEMENT  FOR  WRITTEN  EXERCISES. 

1.  MAJORITY,  the  greater  number.     Major,  greater ;  ity,  state  or  qual- 
ity of  being ;  ness.     The  House  of  Representatives  elects  the  President, 
if  no  candidate  has  a  majority. 

2.  ELEVATE,  to  raise.     E  for  ex,  out ;  levo,  I  raise ;  ate,  one  who  or 
the  person  that ;  having ;  being ;  to  make,  to  give,  to  put,  or  to  take. 
The  diffidence  shown  by  Washington,  when  appointed  Commander-in- 
chief,  only  served  to  elevate  him  in  the  estimation  of  the  people. 


NOTE  TO  STUDENTS. 

When  English  words  are  derived  from  Latin  verbs,  they  are  generally  derived 
from  the  present  Indicative;  as,  agent,  from  ago,  I  do.  I  perform;  or  from  the 
supine  of  the  verb;  as,  actor,  from  actum,  to  do,  to  perform. 

When  English  words  are  derived  from  Latin  nouns,  they  are  generally  derived 
from  the  Nominative  case;  as,  iterate,  from  iter,  a  journey;  or  from  the  Genitive 
case ;  as,  itinerate,  from  itineris,  (of  a  journey,)  the  Genitive  of  iter. 

The  part  of  the  Latin  word  not  used  in  forming  the  English  derivative  is 
separated  from  the  rest  of  the  word  by  a  hyphen;  thus,  the  o  in  ag-o,  us  in 
ann-us,  and  is  in  brev-is,  are  not  used  in  forming  any  English  word. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 


n.  stands  for  noun, 

v.       "  "    verb, 

a.        "  "    adjective, 

adv.    "  "    adverb, 

part.  "  "    participle. 


prep,  stands  for  preposition. 

A.  S.      "  "    Anglo-Saxon. 

L.          "  "    Latin. 

Gr.         "  "    Greek. 

Fr.        "  "    French. 


II. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES, 


A  Sentence  Showing  the  Correct  Use  of  Each  Word. 


1.  A!c-CO9  to  be  sour  or  acid.     Ace't-wm9  vinegar. 


a.     having     a 
sour  taste. 


4.  ACE'TOUS, 

4.  ACETOSE', 

5.  AC'ID,  a.  sour. 

6.  SUB -AC'ID,   a.  moderately 


sour. 


1.  ACID'ITY,  n.  sourness. 

2.  ACET'IC,  a.  sour   (applied 
to  certain  acids). 

3.  ACETIFICA'TION,  n.  (facio,) 
the  act  of  making  vinegar. 

1.  The  acidity  of  limes,  lemons,  and  other  acid  fruits*  is  very  re- 
freshing in  warm  climates. 

2.  Much  vinegar  is  made  from  beer,  but  it  lacks  the  agreeable  flavor 
produced  by  the  presence  of  acetic  and  other  ethers. 

3.  The  acetifl cation  of  many  articles  is  promoted  by  the  use  of 
beech-shavings. 

4.  Shavings  assist  in  clarifying  liquor,  in  which  state  it  rapidly  be- 
comes acetous. 

5.  Acid  substances  are  sometimes  taken  to  prevent  corpulency;  if 
they  effect  the  desired  result,  it  is  by  weakening  the  digestion. 

6.  Sub-acid  fruits  are  doubtless  'beneficial  to  health,  especially  if 
they  are  taken  without  the  addition  of  much  saccharine  matter. 

2.  Acer'b-US,  bitter,  severe. 
1.  ACERB'ITY,  n.  bitterness,  severity,     j 

*  Every  italicized  word  is  defined  under  its  root.   If  the  root  is  not  known,  con- 
sult the  Key. 

6  Gi 


62  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  When  General  Lee  was  tried  by  court-martial,  after  the  battle  of 
Monmouth,  in  1778,  it  was  proved  that  Washington's  reprimand  was 
characterized  neither  by  acerbity  nor  acrimony. 

3.  Add'ul-US,  slightly  sour. 

1.  ACID'ULATE,  v.  to  flavor  with  acid. 
1.  In  tropical  countries  the  lower  classes  use  vinegar  to  acidulate 

many  articles  of  food  and  drink. 

4.  Ac'r-is,  sharp,  harsh. 

1.  AC'RID,  a.  sharp,  harsh.         AC'RIMONY,       n.      sharpness, 

harshness  (2). 

1.  The  acrid  nature  of  pepper  renders  it  very  disagreeable  in  large 
quantities. 

5.  Acu-O,  I  sharpen.     Acu't-um,  to  sharpen. 

1.  ACUTE',  a.  sharp.  2.  ACU'MEN,    n.     intellectual 

sharpness. 

1.  James  II.  saw  with  acute  pain  the  destruction  of  his  troops  at 
the  Battle  of  the  Boyne,  1690 ;  historians  report  that  he  exclaimed,  "  0, 
spare  my  English  subjects." 

2.  John  Adams,  by  his  legal  acumen,  saved  the  life  of  Captain 
Preston,  charged  with  homicide  in  the  Boston  Massacre,  1770. 

6.  Adula't-Mm,  to  fawn,  to  flatter. 

1.  ADULA'TION,  n.  servile  flattery. 

1.  Adulation  debases  the  character,  both  of  those  who  offer  it  for 
their  own  sordid  purposes,  and  of  those  who  accept  it  as  the  deserved 
tribute  to  their  worth. 

7.  Ag-er  (a!gri)9  a  field,  land. 


1.  AGRICULT'URE,    n.    (colo,) 
the  cultivation  of  fields. 

2.  AGRA'RIAN,  a.  favoring  an 
equal    division   of  land  or 
property. 

3.  AGRA'RIANISM,  n.  an  equal 


4.  PIL'GRIM,  n.  one  who  slowly 
and  heavily  treads  his  way, 
especially  one  who  pays  his 
devotion  to  a  holy  place. 

5.  PEREGRINA'TIONS,  n.  wan- 
derings. 


division  of  land  or  property. 

1.  Agriculture  was  the  principal  occupation  of  the  antediluvians. 
Is  it  incorrect  to  attribute  their  longevity  to  this  cause  ? 

2.  With  the  name  of  agrarian  law  used  to  be  associated  the  idea 
of  the  abolition  of  property  in  land. 

3.  It  was  the  German  scholars,  Heyne  (hi/neh),  Savigny  (sa-ven-ye'), 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  63 

and  especially  Niebuhr  (nee/boor),  who   first  explained   that  Eoman 
agrarianism  had  reference  only  to  public  or  State  lands. 

4.  When  books  of  travel  were  rare  and  newspapers  a  novelty,  the 
pilgrim  on  his  return  was  doubly  welcome. 

5.  Travellers  returning  from  their  peregrinations,  represent  the 
scenery  of  the  Yosemite  (yo-sem'-i-te)  Valley  as  very  grand. 

8.  Ag'ger,  a  heap. 


1.  EXAGGERATED,  to  increase, 
to  magnify  unduly. 


2.  EXAGGERATION,  n.  the  act 
of  increasing  or  of  magnify- 


ing unduly. 

1.  The  tendency  at  the  present  time  to  exaggerate  in  conversation 
is  shown  in  the  frequent  use  of  the  superlative,  where  the  positive  would 
be  preferable,  and  of  an  intensive  adjective,  such  as  "  awful,"  for  the 
adverb  "  very." 

2.  Constant  exaggeration  injures  the  moral  character  by  habitu- 
ating the  mind  to  untruthfulness ;  it  blunts  the  perceptive  faculties  by 
placing  in  the  same  category  things  radically  different. 

9.  Agil-is  (from  Ago),  swift,  active. 

1.  AGIL'ITY,  n.  state  of  being  active;  activity. 

1.  Nature  protects  some  animals  by  strength,  some  by  agility 9  some 
by  cupning,  and  others  again  by  repulsiveness. 

10.  Agit-0,  I  drive,  I  move,  I  think  of. 


1.  AG'ITATE,  v.  to  put  in  mo- 
tion. 

2.  AGITA'TION,  n.  the  state  of 


being  moved  (with,  irregular 
action). 
3.  COG'ITATE,  v.  to  engage  in 


continuous  thought. 

1.  A  -very  light  wind  is  sufficient  to  agitate  the  surface  of  the  ocean, 
and  cause  sea-sickness. 

2.  Andres  letter  to  Washington,  beseeching  that  his  sentence  might 
be  commuted  to  "  a  soldier's  death,"  shows  intense  agitation. 

3.  Columbus,  Galileo  (gal-e-lee/-o),  and  all  great  discoverers  of  truth, 
possessed  the  power  to  cogitate  deeply  on  a  subject. 

11.  Ag-O9  I  do,  I  perform.    Ac't-UWl,  to  do,  to  perform. 


1.  ACT'UATED,  v.  incited  to  ac- 
tion. 

2.  ACT'TJARY,  n.  clerk. 

3.  ACT'UAL,  a.  real. 

4.  Co' GENT,  a.  forcible. 


5.  ENACT'ED,   v.    decreed    by 
authority. 

5.  TRANSACT',  v.  to  do. 

6.  EXACT',  v.  to  take  by  au- 
thority. 


64  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


7.  EX'IGENCY,  n.  pressing  ne- 
cessity. 

8.  AMBIGU'ITY,     n.     double 
meaning. 

9.  CoAGULA'TiON,7i.curdling. 

10.  COUNTERACT',  v.  to  hinder 
by  counter-influence. 

11.  A' GENT,  n.  one  who  does 
business  for  another. 

ACT'IVE,   a.    quick,   busy 
(56-4). 


ClRCUMNAVIGA'TION,n.(navis,) 

sailing  around  (44-4). 

ACTIV'ITY,  n.  agility;  quick- 
ness (435). 

EXACT',  a.  precise  (20-2). 

NAVIGATION,  n.  (navis,)  the 
act  of  navigating  (279-2). 

LITIQ'IOUS,  a.  (lis,)  fond  of 
going  to  law  (317-2). 

NAV'IGABLE,  a.  (navis,)  pass- 
able by  vessels  (385). 


1.  Much  blame  has  been  cast  upon  Galileo  (gal-e-lee'-o)  for  his  recan- 
tation ;  but  the  motive  which  actuated  him  should  be  taken  into  con- 
sideration in  judging  of  his  conduct. 

2.  It  is  customary  for  the  actuary  of  a  Literary  Institute,  to  adver- 
tise for  the  payment  of  the  annual  dues. 

3.  If  the  British  had  been  able  to  ascertain  the  actual  condition  of 
the  soldiery  at  Valley  Forge,  in  1777-78,  they  would  have  been  con- 
vinced that  they  could  never  subjugate  such  a  people. 

4.  The  most  cogent  argument  was  not  sufficient  to  induce  Jackson 
to  sign  the  bill  rechartering  the  Bank  of  the  United  States  in  1832. 

5.  In  1765,  Parliament  enacted  a  law  that  no  legal  document  should 
be  valid  without  a  stamp.     As  no  merchant  could  see  the  propriety  of 
the  Stamp  Act,  the  whole  mercantile  community  determined  to  transact 
no  business  requiring  stamped  paper. 

6.  One  cause  of  the  Revolution  was  the  attempt  of  Great  Britain  to 
exact  from  the  colonies  revenue,  to  be  applied  to  her  own  benefit. 

7.  In  the  latter  part  of  1776,  success  seemed  to  follow  the  British 
arms;   New  York  had  been  taken,  and  Washington,  closely  pursued 
through  New  Jersey,  had  crossed  the  Delaware  to  Pennsylvania.     In 
this  exigency ,  Washington  did  not  succumb,  but,  to  the  surprise  of 
the  British,  recrossed  the  Delaware,  and  defeated  the  Hessians  at  Tren- 
ton. 

8.  The  dullest  comprehension  in  a  besieged  city  could  find  no  airibi- 
guity  in  the  usual  demand  of  the  Duke  of  Alva,  for  an  unconditional 
surrender. 

9.  In  making  cheese,  the  coagulation  of  the  milk,  that  is,  the  sepa- 
ration of  the  curd  from  the  whey,  is  hastened  by  the  use  of  rennet. 

10.  By  study,  a  physician  knows  what  substances  counteract  the 
effects  of  deleterious  drugs. 

11.  A  person  is  responsible  for  the  acts  of  his  agent* 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  65 

12.  AH-US,  or  Alie'n-US,  another,  foreign. 


1.  AL'IENS,  n.  foreigners. 

2.  AL'IENATED,  v.  estranged. 

3.  ALIENA'TION,  n.  estrange- 
ment. 


4.  INAL'IENABLE,  a.  incapable 
of  being  transferred. 
A'LIAS,     adv.      otherwise 
(608-2). 


1.  In  reference  to  aliens,  the  Constitution  provides,  that  no  person 
except  a  natural  born  citizen  is  eligible  to  the  Presidency. 

2.  In  1779,  Arnold's  trial  by  court-martial  irritated  his  irascible  dis- 
position, and  alienated  his  affection  from  his  country. 

3.  Arnold's  alienation  lasted  till  his  decease,  and  it  is  not  strange 
that  he  never  wished  even  to  advert  to  his  country. 

4.  Life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness,  are  the  inalienable 
rights  of  every  one  in  the  United  States. 

13.  Al-O,    I   feed,  I   nourish.     Al'it-UWl,  to   feed,  to 
nourish. 


1.  AL'IMENT,  n.  nutriment. 

2.  COALI'TION,  n.  union. 


3.  COALESCE',  v.  to  unite  in 
one  body. 


1.  The  commissary  endeavored  to  provide  proper  aliment  for  all  the 
sick  soldiers. 

2.  In  1643,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Plymouth,  and  New  Haven, 
formed  a  coalition  for  mutual  protection  and  defence. 

3.  Oil  and  water  will  not  coalesce ;  oil,  being  lighter  than  water, 
rises  to  the  top. 

14.  Al'ter,  the  other,  another.     Altetfn-US,  one  after 
the  other  ;  by  turns. 


1.  ALTERCA'TION,    n.    angry 
dispute. 

2.  ALTERNATELY,    adv.     by 
turns. 

3.  ALTERNATION,  n.  alternate 


4.  ALTERNATIVE,  n.  a  choice 
between  two  things. 
ADUL'TERATE,  v.  to  corrupt 
by  mixing  baser  materials 
(327-2). 


action. 

1.  The  constant  altercation  between  Mason  and  the  people  of  New 
Hampshire  was  only  settled  by  calling  in  an  arbitrator. 

2.  The  Legislature  of  Connecticut  was  formerly  in  session  alter- 
nately at  Hartford  and  New  Haven. 

3.  The  alternation  of  day  and  night  is  caused  by  the  rotation  of 
the  earth  upon  its  axis. 

4.  In  1776,  it  became  evident  that  the  only  alternative  was  sub- 
mission or  a  declaration  of  independence. 

6*  E 


66  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

15.  Alt-us  (al'ti),  high. 

1.  AL'TITUDE,  n.  height.  1 2.  EXALTA'TION,  n.  elevation. 

1.  The  altitude  of  the  highest  mountain  is  found,  by  accurate  meas- 
urement, to  be  5J  miles. 

2.  Sylla,  the  Dictator,  determined  to  liberate  100,000  slaves,  and  exempt 
them  from  public  service,  that  they  might  be  made  subservient  to  his  own 
exaltation. 

16.  Am'bul-o,  I  walk. 

1.  PEBAM'BULATE,  v.  to  walk  2.  PEE' AMBLE,  n.  an  introduc- 
through.  tion  or  preface. 

1.  Those  who  are  able  to  perambulate  a  country,  see  much  more 
than  those  who  ride. 

2.  The  preamble  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  asserts, 
that  the  power  of  government  emanates  from  the  people. 

17.  A'm-o,  I  love.    Ama't-um,  to  love.   Ami'c-us9 

a  friend. 


1.  AM'ICABLE,  a.  friendly. 

1.  AM'ITY,  n.  friendship. 

2.  EN'MITY,  n.  hostility. 


3.  INIM'ICAL,  a.  unfriendly. 

4.  A'MIABLE,  a.  lovely. 
EN'EMY,  n.  a  foe  (75-5). 


1.  The  most  amicable  relations  existed  between  Massasoit  and  the 
Plymouth  settlers  in  1620,  and  a  treaty  of  amity  was  made,  which  was 
not  broken  until  King  Philip  became  hostile  in  1675. 

2.  Such  was  the  enmity  of  the  Indians  to  the  colony  of  Virginia 
that  hostilities  commenced  in  1609. 

3.  When  Hull,  in  1812,  determined  to  relinquish  the  territory  already 
acquired  in  Canada,  he  was  considered  inimical  to  the  American  cause. 

4.  The  amiable  disposition  of  Henry  IV.  of  France  caused  him  to 
be  greatly  beloved. 


18.  Am'pl-US,  large. 

1.  AM'PLY,  adv.  abundantly. 

2.  AM'PLIFY,  v.  to  enlarge. 

3.  AMPLITUDE,  n.  extent. 


4.  AMPLIFICATION,  n.  (facio,) 
the  act  of  dilating  upon  all 
the  particulars  of  a  subject. 


1.  The  Croton  aqueduct,  constructed  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  New 
York  with  water,  was  thought  to  be  capable  of  providing  amply  for 
the  wants  of  the  whole  city. 

2.  Nothing  is  more  tedious  in  an  orator  than  a  tendency  to  amplify 
too  much. 

3.  The  amplitude  of  the  universe  may  well  excite  wonder,  even  in 
the  mind  of  a  scientific  man. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  67 

4.  In  his  preliminary  remarks,  Webster's  argumentative  style  is  terse 
and  concise,  but  his  amplification  is  in  the  highest  degree  eloquent. 

19.  Arig-O,  I  vex.     Anw!i9  I  have  vexed. 


1.  AN'GER,  n.  resentment. 


2.  ANXI'ETY,  n.  solicitude. 


1.  AN'GUISH,  n.  extreme  pain.        AN' GUY,  a.  irritated  (49-3). 

1.  When  the  White  Ship,  bearing  the  cherished  son  of  Henry  I.  of 
England,  foundered  at  sea,  and  all  but  one  perished,  no  one  was  willing 
to  carry  the  intelligence  to  the  king,  and  to  brave  his  anger.     At  last, 
a  little  child  was  selected.     When  the  king  understood  the  tidings,  he 
fell  to  the  ground  in  his  anguish,  and  was  never  seen  to  smile  after- 
wards. 

2.  Great  anxiety  was  felt  in  1807  for  the  four  sailors  of  the  Chesa- 
peake seized  as  deserters  from  the  British  navy. 

20.  Arigul-US,  a  corner ;  an  angle. 


1.  AN'GLE,  n.  a   corner;    the 
opening  of  two  straight  lines 
which  meet  in  a  point. 

2.  EQUIANGULAR,  a.  (aequus,) 
having  equal  angles  or  cor- 
ners. 

2.  MULTAN'GULAR,  a.  (mul- 
tus,)  having  many  angles 
or  corners. 


2.  RECTAN'GULAB,,  a.  (rectus,) 
having  right  angles. 

2.  TRIAN'GLE,  n.  (tria,)  a  fig- 
ure having  three  angles. 

3.  AN'GULAR,  a.  having  cor- 
ners. 

4.  QUAD'RANGLE,  n.  (quadra,) 
a  figure  with  four  corners, 
or  angles. 


1.  An  angle  is  often  denoted  by  one  letter  placed  at  the  vertex. 

2.  The  great  advantages  resulting  from  the  study  of  Etymology  are 
particularly  seen  in  technical  terms.     The  exact  meaning  of  all  these 
words  can  be  known   from  their  derivation;  e.  g.  multangular; 
Multus,  many ;  angulus,  an  angle ;  ar,  having.     Having  many  angles. 
The  other  words  can  be  analyzed  in  the  same  way. 

3.  A  terrible  desperado,  sentenced  to  solitary  confinement,  declared  he 
would  have  been  insane  if  his  cell  had  been  circular  instead  of  angular. 

4.  Any  figure  having  four  angles  is  called  a  quadrangle^  or  quad- 
rilateral. 

21.  Ariim-a,  the  life,  the  breath.    An!im-us9  the 

mind,  the  soul. 


1.  ANIMAL'CULE,  n.  a  minute 
animal. 

2.  ANIMA'TION,  n.  liveliness. 


2.  UNANIM'ITY,  n.  (unus,) 
agreement  of  a  number  of 
persons  in  opinion. 


68 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


3.  ANIMADVER'TED,  v.  (verto,) 
commented  on  by  way  of 
censure. 

3.  ANIMOS'ITY,  n.  violent  ha- 
tred. 

4.  AN'IMATE,  v.  to  stimulate. 

5.  MAGNANIMITY,   n.    (mag- 
nus,)  greatness  of  mind. 


6.  UNAN'IMOUS,  a.  (unus,)  of 
one  mind. 

7.  EQUANIMITY,  n.  (sequus,) 
evenness  of  mind. 
AN'IMALS,  n.  living  beings 
(9). 

PUSILLANIMOUS,  a.  (pusil- 
lus,)  of  weak  mind  (509-4). 


1.  When  we  magnify  a  drop  of  water  which  is  not  pure,  we  find  that 
it  contains  various  species  of  animalcule. 

2.  Though  the  discussion  on  a  declaration  of  independence  was  carried 
on  with  animation,  yet  the  question  was  decided  by  the  56  signers, 
with  perfect  unanimity. 

3.  Hamilton  animadverted  severely  upon  the  political  course  of 
the  Vice- President,  but  entirely  without  animosity. 

4.  Before  the  battle  of  Trenton,  Washington  endeavored  to  animate 
the  soldiers  to  renewed  effort,  by  showing  that  the  cause  was  not  desper- 
ate, and  by  promising  a  bounty  to  all  who  would  remain. 

5.  If  Burr  had  had  a  particle  of  magnanimity,  he  would  not 
have  sought  to  revenge  himself  by  taking  the  life  of  his  opponent. 

6.  After  the  evacuation  of  Philadelphia,  in  1778,  it  was  decided,  by  a 
unanimous  vote,  to  go  to  White  Plains. 

7.  Washington  bore  with  equanimity  the  misfortune  of  losing  New 
York  in  1776,  and  flying  like  &  fugitive  before  Cornwallis. 

22.  Arin-us,  a  year. 

1.  AN'NALS,  n.  a  series  of  his- 
torical  events. 

2.  SEPTEN'NIAL,   a.  (septem,) 
occurring  every  seven  years. 

2.  BIEN'NIAL,  a.  (bis,)  occur- 
ring every  two  years. 

3.  SUPEBAN'NUATED,    a.    im- 
paired by  old  age  and  in- 
firmity. 

4.  PEKEN'NIAL,      a.     lasting 
througb  tbe  year. 

5.  MILLENNIUM,  n.  (mille,)  a 
thousand  years  of  peace. 


6.  ANNIVER'SAKY,  n.  (verto,) 
a  day  celebrated  as  it  re- 
turns eacb  year. 

7.  AN'NUAL,  a.  yearly;  lasting 
only  a  year. 

ANNU'ITY,  n.  an  annual  al- 
lowance (443). 

CENTEN'NIAL,  a.  (centum,) 
occurring  every  hundred 
years  (76-1). 

AN'NO  DOM'INI,  A.D.  (dom- 
inus),  the  year  of  our  Lord 
(25-1). 


1.  When  Watson  wrote  his  "Annals  of  Philadelphia,"  the  anti- 
quated house  occupied  by  William  Penn  was  still  standing. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  69 

2.  The  Convocation  first  made  the  meetings  septennial,  but  finally 
reversed  the  decision,  and  made  them  biennial, 

3.  Had  Gen.  Prescott  been  superannuated,  and  unable  to  resist 
Col.  Barton,  his  capture  would  still  have  been  ridiculous;  but  we  are 
scarcely  able  to  restrain  our  risible  faculties,  at  the  thought  of  the  su- 
percilious General,  accustomed  to  domineer  over  the  province  of  Rhode 
Island,  carried  from  his  bed  in  almost  a  state  of  nudity. 

4.  A  plant  in  which  life  will  remain  more  than  two  years,  is  called 
perennial. 

5.  On  examining  the  Scriptures,  we  find  that  several  writers  predict  a 
time  of  peace,  called  the  millennium,  in  which  the  most  ferocious 
beasts  will  become  harmless. 

6.  The  International  Exposition  held  in  Philadelphia,  to  commemorate 
the  one  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  Nation's  birth,  was  a  great 
success. 

7.  The  annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  is  very 
interesting. 

23.  Arinul-us,  a  ring. 

1.  AN'NULAR,  a.  in  the  form  of  a  ring. 

1.  An  annular  eclipse  is  not  a  common  event,  as  a  concurrence  of 
circumstances  is  necessary  to  produce  the  result. 

24.  Anti'qu-us,  old,  ancient. 
1.  AN'TIQUARY,   n.   one    who 


seeks  ancient  things. 

1.  ANTIQUE',  a.  old,  ancient. 

2.  AN'CIENT,  a.  primitive. 


AN'CIENTLY,  adv.  in  time  long 

past  (196-1). 
AN'TIQUATED,   a.   out  of  use 

(22-1). 


1.  Nothing  is  more  precious  to  the  antiquary  than  some  antique 
relic  of  elaborate  workmanship. 

2.  In  the  inclement  season  of  the  year,  the  ancient  Scots  found  an 
inexhaustible  fund  of  amusement  in  the  recital  of  the  valiant  deeds  of 
their  brave  ancestors. 

25.  Ape'ri-o,  I  open.    Aper't-um,  to  open. 
1.  AP'ERTURE,  n.  an  opening. 

1.  After  the  most  arduous  labors,  some  of  the  Roman  soldiers  gained 
access  to  Jerusalem  by  an  aperture  in  the  wall,  A.  D.  70. 

26.  Ap't-us,  fit,  meet. 

1.  ADAPT',  v.  to  fit.  |  2.  APT'ITUDE,  n.  disposition. 

1.  The  preceptor  should  endeavor  to  adapt  his  instruction  to  the 
capacity  of  each  scholar. 

2.  His  aptitude  for  learning,  and  the  facility  with  which  he  acquired 
a  language,  enabled  him  to  obtain  an  excellent  position. 


70 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


27.  Aqua,  water. 

1.  A'QUEOUS,  a.  watery. 

2.  AQUA'RIUM,  n.  a  globe  or 
tank  of  glass,  in  which  to 
keep  aquatic  animals. 

2.  AQUAT'IC,  a.  living  in  the 
water. 


3.  TERR  A'QUEOUS,  a.  (terra,) 
consisting  of  land  and 
water. 

A'QUEDUCT,  n.  (duco,)  an 
artificial  channel  for  con- 
veying water  (18-1). 


1.  In  a  corpuscle  of  blood  the  aqueous  portion  is  found  to  predomi- 
nate over  the  solid  part. 

2.  An  aquarium  is  a  convenient  arrangement  for  observing  the 
habits  of  aquatic  animals. 

3.  This  terraqueous  globe  is  admirably  adapted  for  the  habitation 
of  human  beings. 

28.  Ar' biter  (ar'bitr-i),  a  judge  or  umpire. 


1.  AR'BITRATE,   v.  to   decide 
between  opposing  parties. 

2.  AR'BITRARY,   a.   not    gov- 
erned by  fixed  rule. 

3.  ARBITRAMENT,  n.  decision. 


3.  ARBITRATION,  n.  decision 
by  arbitrators. 
ARBITRATOR,   n.   a  judge 
appointed  by  parties  to  de- 
cide between  them  (14-1). 


1.  During  the  War  of  1812,  between  the  United  States  and  England, 
Russia  offered  to  arbitrate. 

2.  Both  countries  refusing  to  accept  the  mediation  of  Russia,  England 
continued  her  arbitrary  conduct. 

3.  Instead  of  submitting  the  question  of  indemnification  for  damage 
to  our  commerce  to  the  arbitrament  of  war,  both  nations  consented 
to  arbitration  at  Geneva. 

29.  A^bor,  a  tree. 

1.  ARBORICULT'URE,  n.  (colo,)  the  management  of  forests. 

1.  Arboriculture  in  France  and  Germany  consists  almost  entirely 
in  the  management  of  natural  forests. 

30.  Arfc-eo  (m  compounds,  eTCeo),  I  restrain. 


3.  EX'ERCISE,  v.  to  exert,  as 
the  body  or  the  mind. 


1.  COERCE',  v.  compel  by  force. 

2.  COER'CION,  n.  force. 

1.  Washington  had  too  much  discernment  to  suppose  that  he  could 
coerce  volunteers  to  remain  in  the  army. 

2.  Washington  had  no  wish  to  exasperate  the  insurgents  in  the  whiskey 
insurrection,  but  he  determined  to  resort  to  coercion,  rather  than  per- 
mit an  infringement  of  the  law. 

3.  Some  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  nobles,  moved  by  the  youth  and  in- 
nocence of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  besought  the  Queen  to  exercise  her  clemency. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


71 


31.  Ar^d-CO,  I  burn,  I  desire  earnestly.     Ar's-UWl,  to 

burn,  to  desire  earnestly. 


3.  AR'SON,  n.  setting  fire  to  a 
dwelling. 


1.  AR'DENT,  a.  passionate. 

2.  AR'DOR,  n.  earnestness. 

1.  The  ardent  desire  of  Wolfe  to  take  Quebec  was  gratified  in  1759. 

2.  The  ardor  of  Wesley  led  him,  whilst  he  was  a  missionary  in 
Georgia,  to  perform  almost  incredible  labors. 

3.  So  dreadful  are  the  consequences  of  arson,  that  no  community 
should  allow  a  person  to  commit  the  offence  with  impunity;  in  some 
countries  it  is  common  to  incarcerate  the  criminal,  in  others  to  decapi- 
tate him. 

32.  Ar'du-us,  steep,  difficult. 
AR'DUOUS,  a.  difficult  (25). 

33.  Argerit-um,  silver. 

1.  ARGENTIF'EROUS,  a.  (fero,)  bearing  or  producing  silver. 

1.  The  wonderful  argentiferous  properties  of  the  silver  mines  of 
the  West  have  led  to  the  formation  of  many  companies,  for  the  purpose 
of  working  them. 

34.  Ar'gu-o,  I  argue. 


1.  AR'GUE,  v.  to  reason. 

AR'GUMENT,    n.   a    reason 
offered  (11-4). 


ARGUMENT' ATIVE,  a.  contain- 
ing argument;  inclined  to 
argue  (18-4). 


1.  Pocahontas,  finding  it  useless  to  argue  with  the  Indians,  deter- 
mined to  notify  the  colonists  of  their  danger. 

35.  Ar'm-a,  arms,  weapons. 


1.  AR'MISTICE,  n.  (sto,)  a  ces- 
sation of  hostilities. 

2.  AB/MAMENT,    n.    a    naval 
warlike  forct. 

2.  ARMA'DA,  n.  a  naval  war- 
like force. 

3.  AR'MORY,™.  the  place  where 
arms  are  kept. 

4.  AR'MOR,  n.  defensive  cloth- 
ing. 


5.  AR'MY,  n.  a  number  of  sol- 
diers  organized   under   of- 
ficers. 

6.  AR'MORER,    n.     one    who 
makes  arms. 

7.  DISARM',  v.  to  deprive  of 
weapons. 

8.  ARM,   v.  to  take   arms   or 
weapons. 

ARMS,  n.  weapons  (11-7). 


1.  In  1847,  Scott  consented  to  an  armistice,  and  our  Government 
considering  this  an  auspicious  period,  sent  Nicholas  P.  Trist  to  negotiate 
peace. 


72  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

2.  Raleigh  sent  out  his  third  expedition  in  1587,  but  Spain  having  in- 
vaded England  with  a  powerful  armament,  called  the  "  Invincible 
Armada,"  the  colony  failed  for  want  of  supplies. 

3.  On  the  first  appearance  of  defection  in  Boston,  Gage  placed  a  strong 
guard  around  the  armory. 

4.  The  wearing  of  armor  has  fallen  into  disuse  since  the  invention 
of  gunpowder. 

5.  The  condition  of  the  army  in  1775,  made  it  impossible  for  "Wash- 
ington to  act  on  the  offensive. 

6.  Every  artisan,  whether  an  armorer  or  not,  was  employed  in  the 
manufacture  of  arms  and  ammunition. 

7.  Nothing  could  be  more  futile  than  the  attempt  of  George  III.  to 
disarm  the  colonists. 

8.  "  I  deprecate  war,"  said  John  Adams;  "but  it  is  inevitable,  and  it 
is  our  duty  to  arm  as  rapidly  as  possible.'1 


36.  Ar-o,  I  plough. 
1.  INAR'ABLE,  a.  not  fit  for 


1.  An' ABLE,  a.  fit  for  tillage 


tillage  or  ploughing.  or  ploughing. 

1.  The  first  donation  to  Culpepper  and  Arlington,  comprised  only  for- 
ests and  inarable  lands ;  but  finally  the  colonists  had  to  yield  some 
of  their  best  arable  fields  to  the  rapacious  monarch. 

37.  Ars  (ar't-is),  art,  skill. 


1.  AR'TIFICE,  n.  (facio,)  strat- 
agem. 

2.  ART'LESS,  a.  without  fraud. 

2.  ARTIFICIAL,     a.     (facio,) 
made  by  art. 

3.  ART,  n.  skill. 

4.  INERT',  a.  destitute  of  the 
power  of  moving  ;  sluggish. 


5.  INER'TIA,  n.  that  property 
by  which  a  body  cannot 
put  itself  in  motion  when 
at  rest,  or  come  to  rest 
when  in  motion. 
AR'TISAN,?I.  artificer  (35-6). 
ARTIFICER,  n.  (facio,). ar- 
tisan (35-6). 


1.  In  1775,  General  Gage  resorted  to  every  artifice,  to  conceal  his 
design  of  seizing  the  stores  at  Concord. 

2.  An  artless  little  girl,  while  walking  in  an  aviary,  delighted  the 
artist  by  mistaking  an  artificial  bird  for  a  real  one. 

3.  The  painter,  Reubens,  displayed  such  art  in  the  management  of  his 
subject,  that  it  excited  the  admiration  of  every  spectator. 

4.  An  artful  impostor  tried  to  obtain  money  from  his  auditory,  by 
asserting  that  he  could  move  inert  bodies  by  the  mere  force  of  his  will. 

5.  A  car,  through  its  inertia,  continues  moving  after  the  locomotive 
h  detached. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  73 


38.  Artic'ul-llS,  a  joint  or  limb. 


1.  AKTICULA'TION,  n.  utter- 
ance of  the  elementary 
sounds. 


2.  lNARTic'uLATE,a.indistinct. 
AB/TICLES,  n.  substances 
(1-3). 


1.  Whitfield's  articulation  was  so  distinct,  that  he  could  preach  to 
an  immense  audience. 

2.  Demosthenes,  finding  his  speech  very  inarticulate,  tried  every 
expedient  to  improve  it,  and .  labored  with  the  most  exemplary  patience 
and  perseverance  until  he  could  speak  distinctly. 

39.  As'per,  rough,  harsh. 
1.  ASPER'ITY,    n.    harshness; 
roughness. 


EXAS'PERATE,    v.    to    enrage 
(30-2). 


1.  In  1781,  the  most  strenuous  efforts  were  made  to  procure  a  pardon 
for  Isaac  Hayne.  Judge  Balfour,  however,  was  inexorable,  and,  with 
great  asperity  and  bitter  invective,  subjected  him  to  the  ignominy  of 
dying  on  a  gibbet. 

40.  Atrox  (atro'c-is),  fierce,  cruel. 
1.  ATROC'ITIES,  n.  savage  cruelties. 

1.  The  bare  recital  of  the  atrocities  of  the  Wyoming  massacre,  was 
sufficient  to  transfix  the  listener  with  horror. 

41.  Au'de-O,  I  dare,  I  am  bold. 
1.  AUDA'CIOUS,  a.  bold,  daring. 

1.  For  many  years  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  was  infested  with  a  band  of 
pirates,  who,  with  the  most  audacious  insolence,  would  enter  a  town 
and  carry  off  whatever  they  wanted. 

42.  Au'di-o,  I  hear.    Audi't-um,  to  hear. 


1.  AU'DIT,  v.  to  examine   an 
account. 

2.  AU'DIBLE,  a.  that  is  heard. 

3.  OBE'DIENCE,W.  performance 
of  what  is  commanded. 


AU'DIENCE,    n.    an    assembly 

of  hearers  (38-1). 
AU'DITORY,  n.  an  assembly 

of  hearers  (37-4). 
AU'DITOR,  n.  a  hearer  (91-2). 


1.  When  the  committee  came  to  audit  the  accounts  of  Arnold,  they 
were  astonished  at  the  enormity  of  the/rcmc?. 

2.  The  ravishing  vision  of  the  celestial  host,  as  they  announced,  with 
audible  voice,  the  incarnation,  filled  the  shepherds  with  joy. 

3.  Notwithstanding  the  intercession  of  the  nobles,  Queen  Mary  car- 
ried out  her  sanguinary  purpose,  and  Lady  Jane  Grey  met  her  fate  with 
womanly  fortitude,  declaring  that  she  suffered  on  account  of  her  filial 
obedience^  and  not  in  consequence  of  ambition. 


74 


MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


43.    Au!g-eo9   I  increase. 


1.  AUCTIONEER',  n.  one  who 


Auc't-um,  to  increase. 

>9  help,  aid. 
3.  AUC'TION,  n.  a  sale  by  bid- 


ding  more  and  more. 

4.  AU'THOR,  n.  a  writer  of  a 
book  or  other  document. 

5.  AUXILIARY,  a.  helping. 

6.  AUTHORITY,  n.  legal  power. 


holds  an  auction. 

2.  AUGMENT',  v.  to  increase;  to 
make  or  grow  larger. 

3.  AU'THORIZED,    v.    empow- 
ered. 

1.  In  order  to  make  such  vociferous  cries  at  a  vendue,  an  auctioneer 
must  constantly  expand  his  lungs. 

2.  The  wise  and  judicious  measures  of  Hamilton  to  augment  the 
funds  in  the  Treasury,  and  to  restore  the  value  of  the  depreciated  cur- 
rency, placed  the  credit  of  the  United  States  on  &firm  basis. 

3.  Charles  II.  authorized  Culpepper  and  Arlington  to  sell  the  fer* 
tile  lands  of  Virginia  by  auction;  an  act  which  greatly  incensed  the 


4.  Milton  derived  very  little  benefit  from  the  publication  of  the  works 
on  divorce,  of  which  he  was  the  author. 

5.  Taylor's  campaign  in  1846  was  antecedent,  and  auxiliary  to  the 
capture  of  Mexico  by  Scott. 

6.  The  people  of  New  Hampshire  contended  that  Mason  had  no  au- 
thority to  exact  rent  for  the  land. 

M.  AuCgwr,  a  soothsayer.     Avi-s,  a  bird. 


1.  AU'SPICES,  n.  (specio,)  the 


omens  of  an  undertaking. 

1.  AU'GUR,  v.  to  predict;  to 
foretell  events. 

2.  INAUGURATE,  v.  to  invest 
with   an   office   by   solemn 
rites. 


3.  INAUSPI'CIOUS,  a.  (specio,) 


unfavorable. 
4.  AU'GURY,  n.  an  omen. 
AUSPICIOUS,    a.    (specio,) 
favorable  (35-1). 
A'VIARY,   n.    a   place    for 
keeping  birds  (37-2). 

1.  Columbus  commenced  his  voyage  under  such  favorable  auspices, 
as  led  Isabella  to  augur  success. 

2.  It  is  customary  to  inaugurate  the  President  on  the  portico  of 
the  Capitol,  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

3.  Inauspicious  as  was  the  loss  of  Gilbert's  expedition,  it  did  not 
deter  Elizabeth  from  making  three  attempts  under  Raleigh,  all  of  which 
were  calamitous. 

4.  When  Magellan  undertook  the  circumnavigation  of  the  globe,  he 
accepted  as  a  favorable  augury,  the  appearance  of  a  beautiful  dove 
flying  over  the  vessel. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  75 

45.  Au'r-um,  gold. 

1.  AURIF'EROUS,  a.  (fero,)  producing  gold. 

1.  In  1609,  the  credulous  settlers  of  Virginia,  finding,  as  they  sup- 
posed, auriferous  clay,  gave  up  everything  to  dig  gold,  and  laughed 
at  others  for  their  incredulity. 

46.  Bar' bar -us,  rude,  savage,  foreign. 
1.  BAR'BAROUS,  a.  savage ;  uncivilized. 

1.  De  Soto,  though  often  attacked  by  the  barbarous  tribes,  pressed 
on  undauntedly  until  he  reached  the  Mississippi. 

47.  Bea't-us,  nappy,  blessed. 

1.  BEAT'ITUDE,  n.  a  blessing  1 2.  BEATIF'IC,  a.  (facio,)   im- 
pronounced.  I     parting  bliss. 

1.  The  compassion  of  the  Saviour  for  the  suffering,  incident  to  humanity ', 
is  exhibited  in  each  beatitude. 

2.  The  story  of  the  beatific  vision,  announcing  the  birth  of  Christ, 
is  the  delight  of  children  all  over  Christendom. 

48.  Bel'l-um,  war. 

1.  REBELLION, n. insurrection.  I  2.  BELLIG'EKENT,    a.    (gero,) 
1.  REB'EL,  n.  one  who  revolts.  I     waging  war. 

1.  When  the  rebellion  in  Canada  commenced,  a  rebel  might  have 
had  a  transient  hope  of  ultimate  success. 

2.  In  the  Russo-Turkish  war,  1878,  it  was  doubtful  whether  England 
would  adopt  belligerent  measures. 

49.  Be'ne,  good,  well. 


1.  BENEFICENT,     a.    (facio,) 
kind,  doing  good. 

2.  BEN'EFICE,    n.    (facio,)    a 
church  living. 

3.  BENEDIC'TION,  n.  (dico,)  a 
blessing. 

3.  BENEFAC'TION,  n.  (facio,)  a 
benefit  conferred. 


BENEFI'CIAL,  a.  (facio,)  ad- 
vantageous (1-6). 

BEN'EFIT,  n.  (facio,)  advan- 
tage (11-6). 

BENEV'OLENCE,  n.  (volo,)  de- 
sire to  do  good  (703-1). 

BENEV'OLENT,  a.  (volo,)  char- 
itable (299). 


1.  In  the  beneficent  character  of  Oglethorpe  we  discern  a  great 
similarity  to  that  of  William  Penn. 

2.  In  1592,  many  a    doctor  of  divinity  resigned  his  benefice  and 
became  a  refugee,  rather  than  submit  to  the  law  of  Conformity. 

3.  The  father  of  William  Penn  was  so  angry  at  his  son  for  what  he 
deemed  his  fanaticism,  that  he  refused  him  his  benediction9  and 
would  have  deprived  him  of  the  King's  benefaction. 


76  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

50.  Benig'n-us,  kind,  liberal. 
1.  BENIGN',  a.  kind.  |  2.  BENiG'NiTY,n.graciousness. 

1.  Sir  Harry  Vane,  a  compatriot  of  Cromwell,  was   noted   for  his 
benign  and  affable  manner. 

2.  The  benignity  and  goodness  of  Henry  the  Fourth  of  France, 
made  the  populace  almost  revere  him. 

61.  Bi'b-O,  I  drink.     M 
1.  IMBIBED',  v.  drank  in. 

1.  Aaron  Burr  may  not  have  been  chargeable  with  ebriety,  but  that 
he  imbibed  spirituous  liquors  freely,  at  the  time  of  his  duel  with  Alex- 
ander Hamilton  (1804),  there  can  be  no  doubt. 

52.  His,  twice.    J$i!n-i,  two  by  two. 


1.  COMBINE',  v.  to  unite;   to 
link  closely  together. 

2.  BI'PED,  n.  (pes,)  an  animal 
having  two  feet. 

3.  BIS'CUIT,   n.  bread   baked 


hard.    (Fr.  cuit,  baked ;  lit- 
erally, twice  baked.) 
BIEN'NIAL,  a.  (annus),    hap- 
pening   every    two    years 
(22-2). 


1.  Hamilton  was  said  to  combine  the  finest  colloquial  powers  with 
great  profundity  of  learning. 

2.  Although  a  monkey  can  walk  on  two  feet,  he  is  not  a  biped,  but 
a  quadrumane. 

3.  Sailors  assert  that  sea  biscuit  is  the  best  preventive  of  sea-sickness. 

53.  Bo'n-us,  good,  bountiful. 
BOUN'TY,  n.  premium  (21-4). 


54.  Bretv-is,  short,  brief. 

1.  BREV'ITY,  n.  conciseness. 

2.  ABBREVIATE,  v.  to  shorten. 


3.  BRIEF,  a.  short,  concise,  in 
expression. 


1.  In  the  address  of  the  first  Continental  Congress,  the  introductory 
remarks  were  written  with  great  brevity,  and  with  a  simplicity  and 
candor  which  forced  conviction  on  the  mind. 

2.  Before  an  article  is  available  for  popular  reading,  it  is  frequently 
necessary  for  an  editor  to  abbreviate  it. 

3.  Give  a  brief  account  of  that  troublesome  malcontent,  Clayborne, 
who  kept  Maryland  in  such  a  turbulent  state. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  77 

55.  Bul'l-a,  a  bubble  in  water.     Bulli't-um,  to  bub- 
ble, to  boil. 


1.  EBULLI'TION,  n.  a  bubbling; 
a  boiling. 


2.  BOIL,  v.  to  rise  in  bubbles 
by  the  action  of  heat. 


1.  In  a  vacuum,  ebullition  can  be  produced  with  the  heat  of  the 
hand. 

2.  Under  ordinary  circumstances,  water  will  boil  at  212°  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer. 

56.  Ca!d-o,  I  fall.    Ca's-um,  to  fall. 


1.  CA'DENCE,  n.   fall   of   the 


voice. 


2.  OCCA'SION,  n.  time  of  par- 
ticular occurrence. 

3.  CAS'UAL,  a.  happening  by 
chance. 

4.  CAS'UALTY,  n.  accident. 

5.  COINCIDED,  v.  agreed. 


6.  COIN'CIDENCE,    n.    concur- 


rence. 


7.  DECAY',  n.  gradual  failure 
of  soundness. 

8.  DECID'UOUS,   a.  falling,  in 
autumn,  as  of  leaves. 
INCIDENT,  a.  apt  to  happen 
(47-1). 


1.  There  was  a  sweet  cadence  in  the  tones  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
and  an  affability  of  manner,  which  seemed  to  inspire  her  attendants  with 
the  most  ardent  affection. 

2.  Washington  was  the  object  of  much  detraction  and  calumny,  and  on 
no  occasion  was  the  dignity  of  his  character  more  clearly  exhibited, 
than  in  his  pertinacious  adherence  to  his  resolution  to  take  no  notice  of 
these  slanders. 

3.  A  casual  remark  betrayed  the  precise  locality  of  Wayne,  and 
enabled  Grey  to  perform  the  horrible  deed  which  has  loaded  his  name 
with  infamy. 

4.  By  an  unfortunate  casualty  in  1777,  Arnold  was  unable  to  retain 
his  command  or  to  engage  in  any  active  pursuits. 

5.  To  Washington,  familiar  with  Indian  warfare,  the  fallacy  of  Brad- 
dock's  arguments  was  apparent,  and  in  a  modest  manner  he  showed  that 
the  troops  were  in  danger  of  total  destruction ;  but  as  no  officer  coin- 
cided with  Washington,  Braddock  considered  his  advice  impertinent. 

6.  The  decease  of  two  ex-Presidents,  Jefferson  and  Adams,  on  the 
fiftieth   anniversary  of  our  independence,  is  a  remarkable   coinci- 
dence. 

7.  Several  authors  explain  the  mode  of  transplanting  indigenous  trees 
so  as  to  prevent  the  decay  of  the  roots. 

8.  Deciduous  trees  and  plants,  such  as  the  oak,  rose-bush,  and 
grape-vine,  drop  their  leaves  in  the  autumn. 

7* 


78  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

57.  Cce'd-o,  I  cut,  I  kill.     Cce's-um,  to  cut,  to  kill. 


1.  DECIDE',  v.  determine. 

2.  EXCISE',  n.  a  duty  on  man- 
ufactured goods. 

2.  PRECISION,  n.  exactness. 

3.  EXCIS'ION,  n.  a  cutting  out. 

4.  DECISIVE,  a.  conclusive. 

4.  INFANTICIDE,^  (fari,)  the 
killing  of  an  infant. 

4.  PAK'RICIDE,  n.  (pario,)  the 
killing  of  a  father  or  mother. 

5.  INCIS'ION,  n.  a  cut. 
CONCISE',  a.  brief  (18-4). 


DECIS'ION,    n.    determination 

(22-2). 
FRAT'RICIDE,  n.  (frater,)  the 

murder  of  a  brother  (222-3). 
HOM'ICIDE,    n.    (homo,)    the 

murder  of  a  man  (5-2). 
MAT'RICIDE,  n.  (mater,)    the 

killing  of  a  mother  (338). 
SU'ICIDE,  n.  (sui,)  t]ie  killing 

of  one's  self  (321-4). 
PRECISE',  a.  exact ;  accurate  ; 

correct  (56-3). 


1.  No  impartial  historian  would  palliate  the  crime  of  Dunmore,  in  burn- 
ing Norfolk,  but  would  decide  that  he  was  no  better  than  an  incendiary. 

2.  To  calculate  the  excise  with  great  precision9  the  assessor  must 
visit  each  manufactory. 

3.  The  excision  Act,  by  which  many  a  curate  was  compelled  to  prac- 
tise dissimulation,  or  to  expatriate  himself,  was  passed  in  1562. 

4.  Our  penal  code  is  decisive  on  the  question  that  infanticide  and 
parricide  are  capital  crimes. 

5.  Portia  resorted  to  no  supernatural  means  to  defeat  Shylock,  but 
with  feminine  ingenuity,  required  him  to  make  an  incision  without 
drawing  blood. 

58.  Calam!it-as9  a  misfortune. 

1.  CALAM'ITY,  n.  misfortune;  I  CALAM'ITOUS,  a.  bringing  great 
such  as  fire,  flood,  etc.  I      distress  (44-3). 

1.  In   1665,  London  was  visited  by  that  terrible  calamity  the 

plague ;  and  in  1666  by  the  Great  Fire. 

59.  Calcul-US,  a  little  pebble. 
CAL'CULATE,  v.  to  reckon  (57-2). 

60.  Cal'e-O,  I  am  warm  or  hot.     Ca'lOT,  heat. 

1.  CALOR'IC,  n.  heat ;  the  prin-  I  2.  SCALD,  v.  to  burn  with  a 
ciple  of  heat.  I      boiling  fluid. 

1.  Caloric  can  be  generated  by  chemical  or  mechanical  action,  and 
by  electricity. 

2.  When  the  Romans  were  able  to  encircle  Jerusalem,  and  contract 
their  lines  of  circumvallation  until  they  were  in  close  proximity  to  the 
walls,  the  wretched  inhabitants  poured  down  boiling  water  to  scald 
their  besiegers. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  79 

61.  Caluwi'ni-a,  calumny ;  a  false  accusation. 
CAL'UMNY,  n.  false  accusation  (56-2).  ...       , 

62.  Carid-eo,  I  glow  with  heat. 


1.  INCEN'TIVE,  n.  inducement. 

2.  CANDIDATE,   n.    one    pro- 
posed for  office. 

3.  CAN'DID,  a.  ingenuous. 
CAN'DOR,?I.  sincerity  (54-1). 


INCEN'DIARY,  n.  one  who  sets 
houses  on  fire  (57-1). 

INCENSED',  v.  irritated ;  in- 
flamed to  violent  anger 
(43-3). 


1.  The  prospect  of  a  remuneration  for  labor  was  such  an  incentive 9 
that  large  numbers  were  induced  to  emigrate  to  Virginia  in  the  seven- 
teenth century. 

2.  There  is  no  provision  in  the  Constitution  that  the  candidate  for 
Vice-President  shall  not  be  from  the  same  State  as  the  President. 

3.  Nathan  Hale  was  a  man  of  rectitude,  and  in  the  most  candid 
manner  acknowledged  his  repugnance  to  becoming  a  spy  ;  but  as  it  was 
essential  to  the  success  of  the  American  cause,  he  consented,  although  he 
had  a  presentiment  that  he  would  never  return. 

63.  Ca'n-is,  a  dog. 

1.  CANINE',  a.  pertaining  to  dogs. 

1.  The  fidelity  of  the  canine  race,  leads  man  to  repose  the  greatest 
confidence  in  them. 

64.  Carit-o,  I  sing,  I  charm.     Canta't-um,  to  sing, 

to  charm. 

1.  CAN'TICLE,  n.  the  song  of 
Solomon. 

2.  INCANTA'TION,  n.  enchant- 
ment. 

3.  CHANT,  n.  a  kind  of  sacred 


music. 


3.  DESCANT',  v.  discourse. 


4.  ENCHANTS',      v.     delights 
highly. 

5.  RECANT',  v.  to  retract  some- 
thing previously  asserted. 

6.  CHARMS,  n.  attractions. 
RECANTA'TION,   n.    retrac- 
tion (11-1). 


1.  The  Canticle  and  the  prophecy  of  Isaiah  contain  some  of  the  most 
beautiful  oriental  imagery  to  be  found  in  the  language. 

2.  The  jugglers  of  the  East  practise  their  incantation  upon  snakes 
and  many  species  of  vermin. 

3.  Snake  charmers  in  India  sometimes  lie  prostrate  before  the  snake, 
as  if  in  adoration;  sometimes  they  sing  a  low  chant 9  and  at  others 
descant  in  a  tedious  oration  on  their  power  over  evil  spirits. 

4.  If  the  effulgence  of  the  setting  sun  enchants  the  beholder,  what 
must  be  the  rapture,  when  the  glorious  radiance  of  heaven  bursts  upon 
the  sight. 


80 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


5.  The  enemies  of  John  Huss  persecuted  him  with  such  malignity,  that 
they  refused  him  an  advocate.     Huss  evinced  no  perturbation,  but  in  the 
most  placid  manner,  announced  his  irrevocable  determination  never  to 
recant. 

6.  Elizabeth,  when  petulant  and  repulsive,  still  expected  her  imaginary 
charms  to  captivate  every  beholder. 

65.  Ca'pi-o,  I  take.     Cap't-um,  to  take. 


1.  CAPA'CIOUS,  a.  spacious. 

2.  CAPAC'ITATE,  v.  to  enable. 

3.  CAP'TIOUS,  a.  cavilling. 

4.  ACCEPTABLE,  a.  pleasing. 

5.  ANTICIPATION,  n.  expec- 
tation. 

6.  CONCEIVE',  v.  liave  an  idea. 

7.  CONCEPTION,  n.  idea. 

8.  INCIP'IENT,  a.   commenc- 
ing ;  beginning. 

9.  UNPRINCIPLED,    a.    (pri- 
mus,) profligate. 

10.  PARTICIPATE,  v.   (pars,) 
to  share. 

10.  INTERCEPT',  v.  to  seize  by 
the  way. 

11.  PERCEPTIBLE,  a.  capable 
of  being  perceived. 

12.  PRINCIPLE,  n.   (primus,) 
fixed  law. 

13.  RECEIVE',  v.  to  take;   to 
accept. 

13.  RECEIPT',  n.  acknowledg- 
ment for  money  paid. 

14.  RECEP'TACLE,      n.      that 
which  receives  or  contains. 


v.    to    receive 


expect 


15.  SUSCEP'TIBLE,  a.  capable 
of  being  affected. 

15.  REC'IPE,  n.  a  medical  pre- 
scription. 

16.  RECIPIENT,   n.    one  who 
takes. 

ACCEPT', 
(28-2). 

ANTICIPATE,    v. 
(125-4). 

CA'PABLE,  a.  able  (18-1). 

CAPAC'ITY,      n.      ability 
(26-1). 

CAp'TURE,w.seizure(22-3). 

EXCEPT',  prep,  with  exclu- 
sion of  (12-1). 

OCCUPATION,   n.  employ- 
ment (7-1). 

OC'CUPIED,  part,  inhabited 
(22-1). 

OC'CUPANTS,  n.  persons  in 
possession  (43-3). 

PERCEP'TIVE,    a.    having 
power  to  perceive  (8-2). 

PRECEP'TOR,   n.    a    tutor 


(26-1). 

1.  A  capacious  edifice  intended  to  accommodate  a  large  congrega- 
tion should  be  well  supplied  with  means  of  ingress  and  egress. 

2.  To  capacitate  the  mind  to  judge  correctly,  care  must  be  taken 
to  keep  it  free  from  prejudice. 

3.  Elizabeth  of  England  was  of  a  captious  and  imperious  disposition. 

4.  How  acceptable  to  the  Americans,  exhausted  by  forced  marches, 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  81 

in  the  retreat  from  Cowpens,  must  have  been  the  torrents  of  rain  which 
swelled  the  Catawba. 

5.  The  anticipation  of  a  speedy  cessation  of  the  war  in  1776, 
induced  Cornwallis  to  reiterate  the  statement  that  it  was  already  ended. 

6.  Charles  I.  could  not  conceive  that  it  was  prejudicial  to  him  to 
detain  the  Puritans  in  England. 

7.  How  long  did  Newton  ponder  on  the  subject,  before  the  concep- 
tion of  the  universality  of  gravitation  entered  his  mind  ? 

8.  The  incipient  measures  for  the  manumission  of  the  slaves  in  the 
West  Indies  were  taken  in  1834. 

9.  It  was  easy  for  Smith  to  predict  the  evils  which  would  ensue,  when 
the  colony  of  Virginia  was  left  under  the  domination  of  the  unprin- 
cipled men  who  infested  it. 

10.  As  each  soldier  was  to  participate  in  the  plunder,  the  greatest 
effort  was  made  to  intercept  the  supplies  for  General  Hull. 

11.  An  eminent  astronomer  saw  that  there  was  do  perceptible  devia- 
tion in  the  course  of  one  of  the  planets. 

12.  As  he  could  account  for  it  on  the  principle  of  gravitation  only, 
it  was  conclusive  to  his  mind  that  another  planet  was  near. 

13.  It  is  a  good  rule  never  to  receive  payment  of  a  debt  without 
giving  a  receipt. 

14.  The  morgue  is  a  receptacle  for  dead  bodies,  where  they  remain 
for  friends  to  identify  them. 

15.  Knowing  that  the  patient  was  very  susceptible  to  the  influence 
of  medicine,  the  recipe  was  written  with  great  care. 

16.  Elizabeth,  after  her  accession,  showed  great  discrimination  in  mak- 
ing Lord  Burleigh  the  recipient  of  the  highest  honors. 

66.  Ca'p-ut  (cap'it-is),  the  head.    Capiful-wm,  a 

little  head,  a  chapter. 

1.  RECAPIT'ULATING,  part,  re- 
peating again. 

2.  CAPITA'TION,  n.  counting  by 
heads. 

3.  PRECIP'ITATELY,  adv.  hast- 

iiy- 

4.  CAPIT'ULATE,  v.  to  surren- 
der on  conditions. 

5.  PRECIP'ITATE,  a.  hasty. 

6.  PKEC'IPICE,   n.    an   abrupt 
declivity. 

1.  In  a  lecture  on  the  extensive  migration  to  the  New  World,  John 

F 


CAP'ITAL,  a.  punishable  with 

death  (57-4). 
CAP'ITOL,  n.  the  building  in 

which  Congress  meets.     (In 

some  States  the  StateHouse.) 

(44-2.) 
CAP'TAIN,  n.  the  head  or  chief 

of  a  company  or  ship,  etc. 

(83-2). 
DECAP'ITATE,    v.    to    behead 

(31-3). 


82  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

Bright,  recapitulating  the  causes  of  the  miseries  of  Ireland,  named 
as  the  most  prominent,  extravagance,  oppression,  and  extortion. 

2.  Congress  has  no  power  to  impose  a  capitation  tax,  except  in  pro- 
portion to  a  census  taken  every  decade. 

3.  Lincoln,  when  attacked  in  1780  by  the  superior  force  of  Clinton, 
did  not  precipitately  surrender  Charleston. 

4.  Lincoln  continued  to  defend  Charleston  until  further  resistance  was 
useless,  and  he  was  obliged  to  capitulate. 

5.  The  first  Continental  Congress,  in  1774,  made  no  precipitate 
declaration  of  war,  but  adopted  pacific  measures. 

6.  The  ascent  of  the  Alps  can  be  accomplished  with  proper  precaution^ 
but  the  whole  community  must  deplore  the  many  incautious  attempts  of 
travellers,  who  have  been  dashed  to  pieces  over  the  precipice* 

67.  Car'cer,  a  prison. 
INCARCERATE,  v.  to  imprison  (31-3). 


68.  Ca'ro  (catfn-is),  flesh. 


1.  CAR'NAGE,  n.  slaughter. 

1.  CAR'CASS,  n.  a  dead  body. 

2.  INCAR'NATE,  a.  embodied  in 
flesh. 

3.  CHAR'NEL-HOUSE,  n.  a  place 
for  depositing  dead  bodies. 


4.  CAR'NIVAL,  n.  (vale,)  the 
festival  preceding  Lent. 

INCARNA'TION,  n.  the  tak- 
ing of  a  body  of  flesh  (42-2). 

CARNIV'OROUS,  a.  (voro,) 
eating  flesh  (249-1). 


1.  Much  censure  was  cast  on  Braddock  for  the  fearful  carnage  in 
the  expedition  to  Fort  Du  Quesne.     Long  after  the  defeat,  the  body  of  a 
soldier,  or  carcass  of  a  noble  horse,  remained  to  shock  the  traveller. 

2.  The  Deity  became  incarnate,  not  in  the  similitude  of  angels,  but 
in  the  form  of  a  servant. 

3.  A  walk  through  the  subterranean  cJiarnel-house  of  Paris  is 
calculated  to  fill  the  beholder  with  horror;  the  interminable  passages 
lined  with  the  corrupt  and  ghastly  remains,  the  walls  humid  with  the 
exhalations  of  decaying  bodies,  the  imaginary  movement  of  a  pall  or  limb, 
all  aggravate  the  emotion  experienced  in  this  doleful  abode. 

4.  The  carnival  is  a  festival  observed  in  France,  Spain,  and  Italy 
during  the  week  preceding  Lent. 

69.  Ca'r-US,  dear,  kind. 
1.  CARESS',  v.  to  fondle.  1 2.  CHER'ISHED,  v.  fostered. 

1.  The  fierceness  of  the  lion  has  been  so  subdued,  that  his  keeper  has 
not  feared  to  caress  him. 

2.  Wolsey,  for  some  time  after  his  arrest,  cherished  the  fallacious 
hope  of  conciliating  the  king. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  83 

70.  Casti!g-o,  I  chastise. 
1.  CASTIGA'TION,    n.    punish-  2.  CAS'TIGATE,  v.  to  punish  by 


ment. 


stripes. 


1.  The  Israelites  were  forbidden  to  inflict  a  severer  castigation  than 
thirty-nine  stripes. 

2.  To  castigate  those  in  servitude  for  trifling  offences,  only  makes 
the  character  more  obdurate. 

71.  Cau's-a,  a  cause.     Causa't-um,  to  plead. 


1.  ACCUSA'TIONS,  n.  charges. 

2.  ACCUSED',  v.  charged  with 


crime. 


CAUSE,  n.  that  which  produces 

a  result  (11-6). 
EXCUSE',  n.  apology  (324). 

1.  When  fortune  forsook  Wolsey,  many  accusations  were  brought 
against  him,  and  by  the  King's  order  he  was  arrested. 

2.  Wolsey's  indomitable  will  sustained  him  under  every  mortification, 
until  the  King  accused  him  of  contumacy  and  duplicity. 

72.  Cctu't-um,  to  beware,  to  take  care. 


1.  CAU'TION,  n.  prudence. 
INCAU'TIOUS,  a.  imprudent 
(66-6). 


PRECAUTION,  n.  previous  care 
to  prevent  mischief  or  se- 
cure good  (66-6). 


1.  By  taking  a  circuitous  route,  and  using  great  caution 9  Col.  Bar- 
ton captured  Gen.  Prescott  in  his  dormitory,  and  transported  him  to  the 
American  lines  before  the  guard  could  in 


73.  Cavil'l-a,  a  cavil,  a  jest,  a  taunt. 
1.  CA'VIL,  n.  a  frivolous  objection. 

1.  Under  every  discouragement,  Columbus  never  yielded  to  despon- 
dency, but  to  every  cavil,  replied,  "  Only  give  me  the  means  to  try." 

74.  Ca!v-us9  hollow.    Caver'n-a,  a  cavern. 


1.    Ex'CAVATE,  V.  to  hollow  Out. 

1.  CAV'ERN,  n.  a  deep  hollow 
place  in  the  earth. 


2.  EXCAVA'TION,  n.  a  hollow 
or  cavity  formed  by  remov- 
ing the  interior. 


1.  The  workmen  employed  to  excavate  the  ground  for  the  founda- 
tion of  a  building  in  France,  discovered  in  a  cavern  some  arrow-heads, 
probably  placed  there  at  a  remote  period. 

2.  Such  was  the  hostility  of  the  Indians  in  1644,  that  the  Virginians 
were  obliged  to  make  a  large  excavation  in  the  declivity  of  an  adja- 
cent hill,  to  which  they  could  resort  for  concealment. 


84 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


75.  Ce'd-o,  I  yield,  I  go.  Ces's-um,  to  yield,  to  go. 
Cessa't-um,  to  leave  off. 


1.  SUCCESS',  n.  favorable  re- 
sult. 

2.  ACCEDE',  v.  to  agree. 

3.  ACCES'SORY,  a.  rendering 
aid. 

4.  AN'CESTOR,   n.    a    person 
from  whom  one  is  distantly 
a  descendant. 

5.  CONCEDE',  v.  to  admit. 

6.  EXCESS',    n.    more    than 
enough. 

7.  EXCES'SIVE,  a.  exceeding. 

8.  INCES'SANT,    a.    without 
pause. 

8.  SUCCESSION,  n.  series. 

9.  PREDECES'SOR,  n.  one  who 
was  in  a  place  before  an- 
other. 

10.  PREC'EDENT,?!.  an  example. 

11.  PROCE'DURE,  n.  manner  of 
proceeding. 


12.  SECES'SION,  n.  withdraw- 
ing. 

13.  RECEDE',  v.  to  go  back. 

14.  CEASE'LESS,  a.  unending. 

15.  SUCCES'SIVE,  a.  following 
in  order. 

ACCES'SION,  n.  coming  to 
the  throne  (65-16). 

ANTECEDENT,  a.  going  be- 
fore (43-5). 

CES'SION,  n.  the  act  of 
ceding  (377-5). 

CESSA'TION,  n.  discontinu- 
ance (65-5). 

DECEASE',  n.  death  (12-3). 

INTERCESSION,  n.  the  act 
of  interceding  (42-3). 

EXCEED'  (see  page  28). 

INTERCEDE'  (see  page  28). 

PRECEDE'  (see  page  28). 


PROCEED'  (see  page  28). 

1.  When  England  adhered  with  such  pertinacity  to  the  "  Right  of 
Search,"  and  refused   to  adjust   the   difficulty  by  compromise,  Russia 
offered  to  mediate,  but  without  success. 

2.  As  the  United  States  found  it  impossible  to  accede  to  the  pro- 
posals of  Great  Britain,  it  was  determined  to  prosecute  the  war  with 
renewed  vigor. 

3.  That  Burr  was  guilty  of  treason  may  be  dubious ;  but,  unless  the 
witnesses  committed  perjury,  it  is  positive  that  he  was  accessory  to 
some  project  of  erecting  an  empire  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

4.  The  lineal  descendants  of  Henry  VII.  are  found  in  the  House  of 
Tudor  and  House  of  Stuart ;  but  no  sovereign  of  the  lineage  of  Stuart 
exhibits  any  of  the  qualities  of  his  great  ancestor, 

5.  The  Secretary  of  State  positively  refuses  to  concede  to  a  neutral 
power  the  right  to  supply  the  enemy  with  the  munitions  of  war. 

6.  As  the  United  States  has  a  large  excess  of  cereal  productions,  the 
merchant  is  able  to  export  grain,  and  import  linen,  linseed,  and  other 
articles  of  merchandise. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  85 

7.  The  excessive  use  of  ardent  spirits  induced  Congress,  in  1790, 
to  lay  a  tax  on  every  distillery,  not  so  much  to  promote  sobriety  as  to 
increase  the  revenue. 

8.  After  the  conquest  of  England, "William  hoped  to  pass  his  days  in  peace, 
but  the  incessant  quarrelling  of  his  sons  for  precedence,  and  a  suc- 
cession of  adverse  events,  rendered  the  latter  part  of  his  life  miserable. 

9.  Martin  Van  Buren  considered  the  suspension  of  specie  payments  to 
be  the  natural  consequence  of  a  series  of  injurious  measures,  carried  on 
during  the  administration  of  his  predecessor. 

10.  The  election  of  a  person  to  the  Presidency  for  the  third  time  is  not 
illegal ;  but  as  Washington  established  the  precedent  of  serving  but 
twice,  it  has  been  thought  best  to  follow  his  example. 

11.  Each  House  prescribes  the  mode  of  procedure  for  the  expulsion 
of  a  member  for  a  transgression  of  its  rules. 

12.  The  secession  from  the  Church  of  England,  of  a  few  persons, 
regarded  as  vulgar  and  fanatic,  has  produced  a  denomination  of  great 
power  and  numerical  strength. 

13.  Canute,  in  order  to  reprove  his  obsequious  followers,  issued  his 
mandate  to  the  wide  expanse  of  ocean,  and  then  waited  for  the  waves 
to  recede. 

14.  As  the  undulating  waters,  disregarding  the  command  of  Canute, 
continued  to  advance,  he  reminded  his  followers  that  he  was  but  an 
earthly  potentate,  and  that  none  but  the  omnipotent  God  could  stop  its 
ceaseless  flow. 

15.  In  1776,  the  American  soldiers  were  reduced  almost  to  despair  by 
the  news  of  each  successive  reverse. 

76.  Cel'ebr-is,  renowned,  famous. 


1.  CEL'EBRATE,  v.  to  honor  by 
ceremonies   of  joy  and  re- 
spect. 

2.  CELEBRA'TION,     n.      com- 
memoration    with     appro- 


priate ceremonies  or  solemn 
rites. 

,  CELEB'RITY,  n.  fame. 
CEL'EBRATED,    a.     famous 
(30-3). 


1.  It  was  determined  to  celebrate  Washington's  centennial  birthday 
with  unexampled  pomp  and  splendor,  in  order  to  exhibit  the  estimation 
in  which  he  was  held,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  country. 

2.  A  discreet  celebration  of  the  4th  of  July  is  salutary ;  but  the  de- 
plorable consequences  attendant  on  the  conflagration  at  Portland, ought  to 
admonish  us  to  select  some  more  rational  mode  of  showing  our  approbation. 

3.  William  Pitt,  Prime  Minister,  showed  great  discretion  in  civil  affairs, 
but  his  celebrity  is  mainly  attributable  to  his  management  of  the  war, 
by  which  Quebec  —  which,  from  its  superior  fortification  and  position, 
was  considered  impregnable  —  was  captured  in  1759,  and  in  1760  Mon- 
treal, thus  completing  the  subjugation  of  Canada. 

8 


86  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

77.  Ce'ler,  swift,  active,  nimble. 

1.  ACCEL'ERATE,  v.  to  hasten.  1 2.  CELEK'ITY,  n.  swiftness. 

1.  The  British  commander  tried  to  accelerate  the  march  from  Con- 
cord, hoping  to  reach  Boston  before  excitement  should  lead  the  mob  to 
impede  their  progress. 

2.  It  is  dangerous  to  jump  from  a  car  which  is  moving  with  great 
celerity 9  on  account  of  the  impetus  imparted  by  the  motion  of  the  car. 

78.  Cel'l-a,  a  cell,  a  cellar.     Cel'lul-a,  a  little  cell. 

1.  CEL'LAB,W.  an  underground   2.  CEL'LULAR,  a.  having  cells ; 


room. 


consisting  of  cells. 


1.  Guy  Fawkes  hired  a  cellar,  with  the  ostensible  object  of  storing 
coal ;  but  his  real  intention  was  to  deposit  under  the  Parliament  House  a 
large  quantity  of  explosive  material,  sufficient  to  demolish  the  whole  su- 
perstructure. 

2.  If  we  make  a  cut  through  the  skin,  we  find  a  substance  called 
"  cellular  tissue." 


79.  Ce'l-o,  I  conceal. 
CONCEAL',  v.  to  hide;  to  keep 
from  sight  (37-1). 


CONCEAL'MENT,  n.  the  act  of 
hiding  (74-2). 


80.  Cel's-us,  lofty,  elevated,  noble. 
EXCELLENT,  a.  of  great  worth  (26-2). 

81.  Cw'lum,  the  sky;    the  vault  of  heaven;    heaven. 

Cceles'tis,  heavenly. 
CELES'TIAL,  a.  heavenly ;  of  the  visible  heavens  (42-2). 

82.  Ceris-CO,  I  judge,  I  blame,  I  think. 


1.  CEN'SOR,  n.  one  who  exam- 
ines the  works  of  authors 
before  they  are  allowed  to 
be  published. 

1.  QEN'SURABLE,  a.  blamewor- 
thy. 


2.  CENSO'RIOUS,  a.  judging  se- 
verely. 

CEN'SUS,  n.  an  official  enu- 
meration of  the  inhabitants 
of  a  country  (66-2). 

CEN'SURE,  n.  blame  (68-1). 


1.  In  several  European  countries  there  is  a  Government  censor,  who 
has  power  to  condemn  a  book.     Before  you  are  allowed  to  edit  a  paper, 
permission  of  this  officer  must  be  obtained,  and  if  anything  censura- 
ble appears,  you  must  suffer  the  penalty. 

2.  The  censorious  character  of  Gen.  Henry  Lee  caused  him  to  be 
generally  despised  and  shunned. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


87 


83.   Cerit-um,  a  hundred. 

1.  CENTENA'RIAN,  n.  a  person 
who  is  a  hundred  years  old. 

2.  CENTU'RION,   n.   an   officer 
over  a  hundred  men. 

3.  CEN'TIGRADE,  a.  (gradior,) 
divided  into  100°. 


CEN'TURY,  n.  a  hundred  years 

(62-1). 
CENTEN'NIAL,  a.  relating  to  a 

hundred  years  (76-1). 
CEN'TIPED,  n.  (pes,)  an  insect 

having  many  feet  (556-1). 


1.  Rev.  Daniel  Waldo,  when  almost  a  centenarian 9  participated 
in  the  obsequies  of  Lincoln,  having  formerly  been  intimate  with  Wash- 
ington. 

2.  The  centurion  in  the  Roman  army  commanded  a  company  of 
infantry,  similar  to  the  company,  commanded  by  a  captain,  in   the 
American  system. 

3.  A  centigrade  thermometer  is  one  which  has  the  zero,  or  0,  at  the 
freezing-point,  and  the  distance  between  that  and  the  boiling-point  of 
water  divided  into  100°. 

84.  Ceremo'ni-a9  a  rite  or  form. 
1.  CEREMO'NIOUS,  a.  consisting  CEE/EMONIES,   n.   forms    pre- 

of  outward  forms  and  rites.       scribed  (44-2). 

1.  Lord  Beaconsfield  (bec/-ons-field),  on  his  return  from  Berlin  in  1878, 
was  received  with  ceremonious  pomp  and  display. 

85.  Cerfn-O,  I  separate,  I  distinguish,  I  discern.     Cre't- 
9  to  separate,  to  distinguish,  to  discern. 


1.  CONCERN',  n.  anxiety. 

2.  DECREE',  n.  edict. 

3.  DECREE',  v.  to  ordain. 

3.  DISCRIMINATING,  a.  acute. 

4.  SECRETE',  v.  to  hide. 
DISCERN',  v.  see  (49-1). 


DISCREET',  a.  prudent  (76-2). 

DISCERN'MENT,  n.  judgment 
(30-1). 

DISCRETION  ,n.prudence(76-3) 

SEC' RETARY,?i.  chief  of  a  depart- 
ment of  government  (75-5). 

1.  Washington's  great  concern9  when  the  war  was  likely  to  termi- 
nate, was  to  secure  the  liberation  of  the  prisoners. 

2.  In  1598,  Henry  IV.  of  France  issued  a  decree9  allowing  many 
privileges  to  Protestants. 

3.  The  discriminating  mind  of  William  Penn  led  him  to  the  con- 
clusion, that  to  decree  justice  to  every  one,  however  inferior  he  may 
be,  is  the  only  safe  course  for  a  legislator. 

4.  After  the  battle  of  Worcester,  in  1651,  Prince  Charles  was  obliged 
to  secrete  himself  in  an  oak  at  Boscobel ;  several  times,  while  in  this 
ynstic  hiding-place,  he  thought  himself  on  the  verge  of  ruin. 


88  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


86.  Cer't-O,  I  contend,  I  vie. 


1.  CONCERT',  v.  to  contrive  to- 
gether. 
1.  DISCONCERT',  v.  disturb. 


2.  PRECONCERT'ED,  a.  con- 
trived or  arranged  together 
beforehand. 


1.  Washington,  in  1781,  held  a  council  of  his  officers,  to  concert  a 
plan  to  invest  Yorktown.     Each  officer  was  provided  with  a  succinct 
statement  of  the  details  of  the  attack,  and  the  most  intense  anxiety  was 
felt,  lest  some  premature  movement  should  disconcert  the  plan. 

2.  According  to  a  preconcerted  plan,  Andre*,  the  emissary  of  Clin- 
ton, met  Arnold  clandestinely,  to  communicate  to  him  the  amount  of 
recompense  offered  by  the  British  Government,  as  the  price  of  his  per- 
fidy ;  namely,  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General,  and  £30,000. 


87.  Cer't-US9  sure,  certain. 
1.  CERTIFICATE,  n.  (facio,)  a 


written  declaration. 
1.  CER'TIFY,  v.  to  assure. 


ASCERTAIN',  v.  to  find  out  for 

a  certainty  (11-3). 
CER'TAIN,  a.  sure  (510-4). 


1.  A  certificate  from  a  physician,  to  certify  that  a  death  was  pro- 
duced by  natural  means,  is  necessary  before  the  body  can  be  interred. 

88.  Char'ta  (kar'-ta),  paper. 


1.  CHART,  n.  a  sheet  of  paper, 
or  pasteboard,  on  which  in- 
formation is  presented. 
CHAR'TER,  n.  an  instrument 
from  the   sovereign  power 


bestowing  rights  and  privi- 
leges (112-3). 

EECHAR'TERING,  part,  grant- 
ing again  the  rights  and 
privileges  (11-4). 


1.  There  was  no  map  nor  chart  of  America,  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
that  was  not  full  of  errors. 

89.  Cirig-o,  I  gird.    Cinc't-um,  to  gird. 

1.  PRE'CINCT,  n.  limit.  |  SUCCINCT',  a.  concise  (86-1). 

1.  In  1621,  Massasoit,  covered  with  a  profusion  of  ornament,  came 
within  the  precinct  of  the  Plymouth  Settlement  to  make  a  treaty  of 
peace. 

90.  Ci'n-is  (drier-is),  ashes. 


1.  INCINERA'TION,  n.  the  act 
of  burning  to  ashes. 


2.  INCIN'ERATE,  v.  to  reduce 
to  ashes. 


1.  It  is  easy  to  distinguish  anthracite  from  bituminous  coal,  by  the 
ashes  which  are  produced  by  incineration. 

2.  It  is  difficult  to  incinerate  the  slate  that  is  found  with  coal. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  89 

91.  Cir'c-US,  a  circle.     Cir'cul-US,  a  little  circle. 


1.  CIR'CULATE,  v.  to  move  in  a 
circle. 

2.  CIRCULA'TION,  n.  the  act  of 
moving  in  a  circle. 


ENCIR'CLE,  v.  to  form  a  circle 

about  (532-2). 
CIR'CULAK,   a.    like    a    circle 

(20-3). 


1.  Fresh  air  and  exercise  cause  the  blood  to  circulate  rapidly. 

2.  When  Dr.  Jenner  attempted  to  convince  any  one  that  his  theory 
of  the  circulation  of  the  blood  was  correct,  his  auditor  generally 
listened  with  an  incredulous  smile. 

92.  Ci't-o,  I  rouse,  I  call  forth.     Cita't-um,  to  rouse, 
to  call  forth. 

7.  CITA'TION,  n.  an  official  no- 


1.  CI'TED,^.  summoned  into 


court. 

2.  EXCIT' ABLE  ,  a.  easily  stirred 
up. 

3.  RECITA'TION,  n.  rehearsal. 

3.  INCITE',  v.  to  animate. 

4.  BESUS'CITATE,  v.  to  enliven. 

5.  INCITEMENT,  n.  impulse. 

6.  CITE,  v.  to  quote. 


tice  to  appear  in  court. 
8.  KECITE',  v.  to  repeat,  to  say, 
as  a  lesson. 

EXCITE',  v.  stir  up  (18-3). 

EXCITE'MENT,  n.  agitation 
(77-1). 

RECIT'AL,      n.      rehearsal 
(24-2). 


1.  When  Parliament  cited  Charles  to  appear  before  them,  he  was  at 
first  indignant  at  the  dishonor  cast  upon  him ;  but,  recovering  his  com- 
posure, he  prepared  for  his  journey. 

2.  When  Charles  I.  appeared  before  the  Parliament,  everything  was 
portentous  of  evil;   the  hope  of  ultimately  obtaining  his   release  was 
given  up  by  his  most  sanguine  friends,  when  they  saw  the  excitable 
mob,  clamorous  for  his  death. 

3.  The  recitation  of  deeds  of  valor  by  some  itinerant  musician,  or 
wandering  bard,  was  calculated  to  incite  the  Scots  to  the  highest  pitch 
of  enthusiasm. 

4.  To  resuscitate  a  drowned  person,  remedial  measures  should  be 
applied  promptly  and  without  intermission. 

5.  To  be  able  to  educate  their  children  according  to  the  dictates  of  con- 
science, was  all  the  incitement  necessary  to  lead  the  Puritans  to  endure 
the  hardships  incident  to  immigration. 

6.  Aristotle,  (ar/is-tot-l,)  the  disciple  of  Plato,  loved  to  cite  the  say- 
ings of  his  master. 

7.  Between  the  citation  and  arraignment  of  Lord  William  Russell, 
for  treason,  and  his  execution,  only  eight  days  elapsed. 

8.  In  oriental  countries,  all  the  pupils  of  a  school  are  required  to  re- 
cite, or  say  over  their  lessons  aloud,  for  the  purpose  of  learning  them. 


90 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


3.  CIV'ILIZE,  v.  to  reclaim  from 
a  savage  state. 

CIT'IZEN,  n.  an  inhabitant 
of  a. state  or  city  (12-1). 

CIV'IL,  a.  relating  to  the 
community  (76-3). 


93.  Ci!v-is9  a  citizen. 

1.  Civ'ic,  a.  relating  to  civil 
honors. 

2.  CIVIL'IAN,  n.  one  versed  in 
political  affairs. 

3.  CIVILIZA'TION,  n.  the  state 
of  a  civilized  people. 

1.  When  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  was  a  claimant  for  the  throne,  sev- 
eral cities  in  the  south  of  England  loaded  him  with  civic  honors,  doubt- 
less expecting  special  favors  should  he  become  King. 

2.  The  Secretary  of  State  should  not  only  be  a  civilian,  but  should 
be  well  versed  in  military  affairs. 

3.  The  civilization  of  the  United  States  has  never  tended  to  civil- 
ize the  Indians,  but  rather  to  extirpate  them. 

94.  Cla'm-o,  I  cry  out,  I  shout.     Clama't-um,  to 

cry  out,  to  shout. 


1.  ACCLAMA'TION,  n.  a  shout 
expressive  of  assent. 

2.  DECLAMA'TION,  n.  exercise 


in  public  speaking. 

3.  RECLAIM',  v.  to  reform. 

4.  PKOCLAMA'TION,  n.  publica- 
tion by  authority. 

4.  DISCLAIM',  v.  to  deny  the 
possession  of  any  charac- 
ter. 


CLAIM'ANT,   n.   one   that  de- 
mands a  right  (93-1). 
CLAM'OKOUS,    a.    loudly    im- 


portunate, noisy  (92-2). 

CLAIM,  n.  demand  of  a  right 
(290-2). 

EXCLAIMED',  v.  uttered  with 
earnestness  (5-1). 

PEG-CLAIM',  v.  publish  by  au- 
thority (see  page  28). 

1.  In  a  convention  to  nominate  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency,  the 
nomination  is  made  either  by  acclamation  or  by  balloting. 

2.  Demosthenes  made  such  strenuous  efforts  to  overcome  the  defect  in 
his  vocal  organs,  that  he  became  a  model  in  declamation* 

3.  Many  of  the  Virginians  had  previously  led  vagrant  lives,  and 
Smith's  efforts  to  reclaim  them  were  useless. 

4.  The  President,  in  his  proclamation,  was  careful  to  disclaim 
any  designs  upon  Mexico. 

95.  Clandesti'n-us,  secret. 


1.  CLANDESTINE, a. secret; un- 
derhand. 


CLANDESTINELY,  adv.  secretly 
(86-2). 


1.  "William  Penn  was  charged  with  making  clandestine  visits  to 
James  II.,  who  was  living  in  seclusion  in  France. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


91 


96,  Cla'r-US,  clear,  shrill. 
1.  CLAR'ION,  n.  a  shrill  trum- 
pet. 

CLAR'IFYING,  part-  render- 
ing clear  (1-4). 


DECLARATION,  n.  a  proclama- 
tion (14-4). 

DECLARED',  v.  asserted ;  pro- 
claimed authority  (180-9). 


1.  As  the  clarion  announced  the  return  of  the  British  from  Concord, 
the  militia  began  to  collect  at  Lexington,  determined  to  throw  every 
impediment  in  their  way. 

97.  ClasfS-is,  a  class.     Clas'sid,  the  first  or  highest 
class  of  Roman  citizens. 


1.  CLAS'SIC,  CLASSICAL,  a.  re- 
lating to  authors  of  the  high- 
est rank,  such  as  Virgil, 
Homer,  and  Milton. 


2.  CLAS'SIFY,  v.  to  arrange  in 
classes. 

3.  CLASSIFICATION,  n.  (facio,) 
arrangement  in  classes. 


1.  Milton  must  have  been  a  diligent  student  of  classic  writers,  as  his 
juvenile  pieces  are  replete  with  allusions  to  the  Roman  and  Greek  authors. 

2.  At  the  organization  of  the  Government,  it  was  necessary  to  clas- 
sify the  Senate,  so  that  one-third  vacate  their  seats  every  second  year. 

3.  The  classification  of  the  Senate  gives  at  all  times  a  large 
majority  familiar  with  the  mode  of  transacting  business. 

98.  Clau'd-o,  or  clu'd-o,  I  shut,  I  close.     Clan's- 
cum,  or  clu's-um,  to  shut,  to  close. 


V. 


to    shut    up 


1.  SECLUDE', 
apart. 

1.  CLOIS'TER,  n.  a  monastery. 

2.  PRECLUDE',  v.  to  prevent. 

3.  CLAUSE,  n.  a  separate  por- 
tion of  a  written  paper. 

SECLU'SION,   n.   retirement 
(95). 


CONCLUSIVE,  a.  decisive 
(65-12). 

CONCLUSION,  n.  final  deci- 
sion (85-3). 

INCLUD'ED,  v.  comprehended 
(290-2). 

CONCLUDE',  v.  decide  (see 
page  29). 


1.  In   1556,  the   Emperor   Charles  V.  determined  to   abdicate,  and 
Seclude  himself  in  a  cloist€T9  hoping  to  enjoy  that  felicity  which  the 
possession  of  imperial  power  was  unable  to  impart. 

2.  In  order  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  a  Stuart  coming  to  the 
throne,  an  act  was  passed  settling  the  crown  on  Sophia.     Henrietta, 
granddaughter  of  Charles  I.,  determined  to  protest  against  the  act  of 
succession. 

3.  By  a  clause  in  the  will  of  Henry  VIII.,  a  council  of  sixteen  wag 
appointed  during  the  minority  of  Edward  VI. 


92  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

99.  Clemens  (demerit-is),  mild,  merciful. 
INCLEM'ENT,  a.  stormy  (24-2).  |  CLEM'ENCY,  n.  mercy  (30-3). 

100.  Cli'n-o,  I  bend,  I  lie  down.     Clina't-um,  to 

bend,  to  lie  down. 


1.  lNCLiNA'TiON,rc.propensity. 

2.  CLIN'ICAL,  a.  pertaining  to 
a  bed. 

DECLINA'TION,  n.   distance 


of  the  sun  from  the  equator 

(169-9). 

DECLINE'  (see  page  29). 
KECLINE'  (see  page  29). 


1.  "If  my  son  shows  any  inclination  to  dissent  from  the  Church 
of  England,"  said  Admiral   Penn,  "  I  will  not  hesitate  to  disinherit 
him." 

2.  Medical  students  derive  great  benefit  from  clinical  lectures  at  the 
hospitals. 

101.  Cli'v-US,  an  ascent,  a  hill. 

1.  PROCLIV'ITY,  n.  proneness.  I  DECLIV'ITY,  n.  descent ;  a  de- 

2.  ACCLIV'ITY,  n.  ascent.  I     scending  surface  (74-2). 

1.  The  proclivity  of  the  Indians  to  the  use  of  ardent  spirits,  tends 
to  deteriorate  their  character,  and  reduce  them  to  the  lowest  rank  in 
society. 

2.  As  the  British  ascended  the  acclivity ,  Prescott  ordered  his  men 
to  reserve  their  fire. 

102.  Co'dex  (cod'ic-is),  the  trunk  of  a  tree ;  a  will. 
1.  COD'ICIL,  n.  a   supplement  CODE,  n.  a  collection  or  digest 


to  a  will. 


of  laws  (57-4). 


1.  King  Eichard's  procrastination  in  altering  his  will  endangered  the 
succession  ;  but  on  his  death-bed  he  added  a  codicil9  giving  the  kingdom 
to  his  brother. 

103.    Co'l-O,   I  cultivate.      Cul't-um,   to  cultivate. 
Colo'n-US,  a  tiller,  a  husbandman. 


1.  CUL'TIVATE,  v.  to  till. 

2.  COL'ONISTS,  n.  settlers  in  a 
colony. 


COL'ONIES,  n.  settlements 
abroad  which  are  subject  to 
the  parent  state  (11-6). 


1.  In  the  reign  of  Richard,  a  peasant  employed  by  a  baron  to  culti- 
vate his  land,  found  a  ponderous  chest  filled  with  money. 

2.  Had  not  Pocahontas  given  to  one  of  the  colonists  an  intimation 
of  the  inhuman  plot  to  exterminate  the  white  race  in  Virginia,  it  would 
have  been  entirely  destroyed. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  93 


104.   Co'lor,  color,  hue,  tint. 


1.  COL'OR,  n.  hue,  tint;  that 
which  gives  color. 


2.  DISCOLORA'TION,  n.  altera- 
tion of  hue  or  tint. 


1.  Black  is  the  absence  of  color,  and  white  the  combination  of  all  colors. 

2.  When  the  cuttle-fish  is  pursued,  it  throws  out  a  brownish-black 
liquor ;  the  discoloration  of  the  water  enables  it  to  elude  observation. 

105.  Co'mes  (com 'it-is ),  a  companion.     Co'mis, 
affable. 


1.  COM'ITY,    n.    kindness    of 


manner. 


2.  CONCOM'ITANT,     a.    going 
with. 


3.  COUNT,  n.  a   nobleman  of 
the  rank  of  an  Earl. 
VIS'COUNT,  n.  a  nobleman 
below  an  Earl  (427-1). 


1.  The  comity  shown  by  Louis  XIV.  to  the  destitute  James,  would 
have  been  no  obstacle  to  the  continuance  of  peace,  had  not  Louis  induced 
James  to  invade  Ireland. 

2.  The  defeat  at  Long  Island,  with  all  the  concomitant  circum- 
stances, was  the  cause  of  great  mental  distress  to  every  patriot. 

3.  Count  Andrassy  represented  Austria  in  the  Berlin  Congress,  and 
Bismarck  represented  Germany. 

106.  Concil'i-UWl,  an  assembly ;  a  council. 


1.  CONCILIATORY,  a.  fitted  to 
allay  angry  feelings. 
CONCIL'IATING,  p.  winning 
to  friendship  (69-2). 


COUN'CIL,  n.  an  assembly  held 
for  consultation  (86-1). 

KEC'ONCILE,  v.  to  bring  to  ac- 
quiescence (241-1). 


1.  Many  Tories, -in  1775,  fearing  the  confiscation  of  their  property, 
advocated  conciliatory  measures. 

107.  Co'pi-a,  plenty. 

1.  COKNUCO'PIA,  n.  (cornu,)  horn  of  plenty. 

1.  All  the  productions  common  to  the  latitude  of  Alabama,  are  found 
in  such  abundance  in  that  State,  that  a  cornucopia  was  placed  on  the 
coat  of  arms. 

108.  Co'qu-o,  I  boil.    Coc't-um,  to  boil. 

1.  CONCOCT',  v.  to  devise.  boiling  anything  to  extract 

2.  DECOC'TION,  n.  the  act  of       its  virtues. 

1.  In  the  war  of  1812,  Tecumseh  went  through  the  frontiers  of  Ala~ 
bama  and  Georgia,  to  concoct  a  scheme  for  a  general  war. 

2.  Whether  tea  should  be  prepared  by  infusion  or  decoction9  is  a 
disputed  point  with  housekeepers. 


94 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


109.  Cor  (cor'd-is),  the  heart. 


1.  CONCORDANCE,  n.  an  index 
of  words  contained  in  a  book. 


2.  COR'DIAL,  a.  sincere. 

3.  COR'DIAL,  n.  anything  that 
gladdens  the  heart. 

3.  DISCOUR'AGED,  a.  disheart- 
ened. 


4.  CORDIAL'ITY,  n.  sincerity. 
4.  ACCORDANCE,  n.  agreement. 


DISCOUR'AGEMENT,  n.  that 
which  deters  (73). 
COUR'AGE,      n.      boldness 
(509-4). 
KEC'ORD,  n.  register  (558-3). 

1.  By  referring  to  a  Concordance  of  the  Bible,  it  is  easy  to  find 
any  text. 

2.  William  was  received  in  the  most  cordial  manner  by  the  Parlia- 
ment. 

3.  The  best  cordial  that  Columbus  could  administer  to  his  dis- 
couraged men,  was  the  cry  of  "  Land  ahead !  " 

4.  William  of  Orange  was  received  with  great  cordiality  by  the 
people  of  England,  whose  views  were  in  accordance  with  his  own. 

110.  Cor'nu,  a  horn,  a  trumpet. 
1.  COR'NET,  n.  a  sort  of  trum- 
pet. 

1.  When  the  immense  concourse  were  gathered  together  to  dedicate  the 
image  which  Nebuchadnezzar  had  set  up,  a  herald  was  heard  to  iterate  the 
words,  "  At  the  sound  of  the  cornet9  &c.,  ye  fall  down  and  worship." 

111.  Coro'n-a,  a  crown. 
1.  CROWN,    n.    an    ornament 

worn  on  the  head  by  a  sov- 
ereign. 

1.  CORONA'TION,  n.  the  act  of 
crowning. 

2.  COR'ONET,    n.    an    inferior 


CORNUCO'PIA,  n.  (copia,)  horn 
of  plenty  (107). 


crown  worn  by  the  nobility. 
3.  COR'ONER,  n.  an  officer  to 


inquire  into  the  cause  of 
violent  deaths. 

CORO'NA,  n.  a  luminous  ap- 
pearance which  surrounds 
the  dark  body  of  the  moon 
during  a  total  eclipse  (642). 

COR'OLLARY,  n.  an  inference 


(298-1). 

1.  The  elegant  crown,  resplendent  with  jewels,  which  Victoria  wore 
at  her  coronation,  is  kept  in  the  Tower  of  London. 

2.  The  coronet  of  a  British  Duke  is  adorned  with  strawberry  leaves. 

3.  In  large  cities,  the  office  of  Coroner  is  no  sinecure. 

112.  Cor'p-us  (cor'por-is),  a  body. 


1.  COR'PORAL,  n.  the  lowest  of- 


ficer over  a  body  of  soldiers.       one  body. 


2.  COR'PORATE,  a.  united  into 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


95 


3.  CORPORATION,  n.   a  body 
politic. 

4.  CORPO'REAL,  a.  not  imma- 
terial. 

5.  COR'PULENT,  a.  bulky ;  very 


fleshy  in  proportion  to  the 
frame  of  the  body. 


COR'PUSCLE,  n.  a  minute  body 
(27-1). 

CORPULENCY,  n.  excessive  fat- 
ness (1-5). 

HA'BEAS-COR'PUS,  n.  (habeo,) 
person 


a  writ  to   bring   a 
into  court  (307-2). 

1.  "A  corporal's  guard"  is  an  expression  used  to  denote  a  small  body 
of  soldiers  which  usually  accompany  a  corporal. 

2.  When  an  association  desire  to  become  a  corporate  body  they 
apply  to  the  Legislature  or  a  court  for  a  charter. 

3.  In  1629,  the  king  granted  a  charter  to  the  Plymouth  Colony,  and 
the  corporation  received  the  name  of  the  "  Governor  and  Company 
of  the  Massachusetts  Bay  in  New  England." 

4.  So  sanctimonious  was  Becket,  when  he  became  Archbishop,  that  he 
appeared  unconscious  of  the  fact  that  he  possessed  a  corporeal  nature. 

5.  Henry  VIII. ,  towards  the  close  of  his  life,  became  very  corpulent. 

113.  Cras,  to-morrow. 
1.  PROCRASTINATE,  v.  to  put  PROCRASTINATION,  n.   defer- 


off. 


ring  (102). 


1.  Lee  intended  to  increase  the  guard,  but,  accustomed  to  defer  and 
procrastinate9  he  neglected  it ;  a  long  imprisonment  was  the  result 
of  his  delinquency. 

114.  Cre'd-o,  I  believe. 

1.  CRE'DENCE,  n.  belief. 

2.  CRED'IT,  n.  trust. 

3.  CRED'IBLE,   a.    worthy   of 
belief. 

3.  CREDENTIALS,  n.  those 
things  which  give  title  to 
belief. 


Cred' it-urn,  to  believe. 
CRED'ULOUS,    a.    apt    to    be- 
lieve (45). 
INCREDU'LITY,  n.  slowness  of 

belief  (45). 

INCREDIBLE,  a.  not  to  be  be- 
lieved; not  worthy  of  credit 
.  (31-2). 


1.  Arnold  had  appeared  so  conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty, 
and  so  energetic  in  the  defense  of  Danbury,  that  few  could  give  cr e- 
dence  to  the  report  of  his  treason. 

2.  Such  was  the  reputation  of  Robert  Morris,  that,  when  Government 
credit  was  low,  he  could  obtain  on  his  own  security  a  large  amount  of 
money. 

3.  It  seemed  scarcely  cr  edible  9  that  one  of  the  legation  to  France, 
possessing  the  .proper  credentials9  should  be  rejected,  while  his  col- 
league was  received. 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


115.  Cre'-o,  I  create.     Crea't-uin,  to  create. 


1.  CREA'TOR,  n.  God,  the  maker 


2.  RECREA'TIONS,    n.    amuse- 


ments. 

3.  CKEAT'UKE,  n.  an  animal ; 
anything  with  life. 


of  all  things. 

1.  CR-EA'TION,   n.  the   act  of 
bringing  into  existence. 

1.  Dryden,  in  one  of  his  poems,  represents  a  sapient  deist  acknowledg- 
ing God  as  the  creator,  but  denying  that  he  has  given  to  man  any 
revelation  of  the  creation. 

2.  Formerly,  the  higher  classes  in  England  devoted  a  great  deal  of 
time  to  recreations,  calculated  to  invigorate  the  constitution. 

3.  There  is  scarcely  any  creature,  whose  habits  are  more  interesting 
than  those  of  the  ant. 

116.  Cre'p-o,  I  sound,  I  rattle.      Crep'it-um,  to 

sound,  to  rattle. 
1.  DISCREPANCY,  n.  inconsist-  2.  DECREPITUDE,  n.  feebleness 


ency. 


produced  by  age. 


1.  There  was  a  great  discrepancy  in  the  reports  of  the  battle  of 
Stillwater,  as  given  by  Gates  and  Arnold. 

2.  The  gradual  decay  of  the  body,  with  the  decrepitude  which 
years  produce,  is  beautifully  described  by  Shakespeare. 

117.  Cres'c-o,  I  grow.    Cre't-um,  to  grow. 


1.  ExcREs'cENCE,n.  something 
growing  unnaturally  out  of 
something  else. 

2.  ORES' CENT,  n.  a  figure  the 
shape    of    the    new    moon 


(used  as  the  Turkish  stand- 
ard). 
3.  ACCRUES',  v.  arises. 

INCREASE',  v.  to  augment 
(75-7). 

1.  A  nutgall  is  an  excrescence  of  the  oak ;  a  small  quantity  will 
give  a  black  tint. 

2.  The  Crescent  has  waved  over  Constantinople  since  1453,  when 
the  city  was  taken  by  the  Turks. 

3.  All  the  revenue  which  accrues  from  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and 
excises,  goes  into  the  treasury  of  the  United  States. 

118.  Cri'men  (crim'in-is),  a  crime,  an  accusation. 


1.  RECRIM'INATION,  n.  return 


of     one 
another. 


accusation     with 


2.  RECRIM'INATE,  v.  to  retort 
a  charge. 


CRIM'INAL, 


an     offender 


against  law ;  a  malefactor ;  a 
convict  (31-3). 

CRIME,  n.  a  violation  of  the 
law  (57-1). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  97 

1.  The  constant  quarrelling  and  recrimination  of  Mason  and  the 
people  of  New  Hampshire  continued  until  1686. 

2.  Commodore  Barren's  impulsive  nature  led  him,  when  charged  with 
cowardice,  to  recriminate^  and  from  this  and  subsequent  events  there 
resulted  a  duel,  in  which  Decatur  received  a  mortal  wound. 

119.  Cru'd-us,  unripe,  raw.     Crude'l-is,  cruel. 

1.  CRUDE,  a.  unripe ;  not  come  CRU'EL,   a.   causing  unneces- 
to  a  perfect  state.  sary  pain  (216-3). 

1.  Fruit,  which  is  wholesome  in  its  maturity,  will  produce  indigestion 

if  taken  when  immature,  or  in  a  crude  state. 

120.  Crux  (cru'c-is),  a  cross. 


1.  CRU'CIAL,  a.  severe. 

2.  EXCRU'CIATING,       a.      ex- 
tremely painful. 

3.  CRU'CIBLE,   n.   a   chemical 
melting-pot. 

3.  CROSS,  n.  an  instrument  of 
torture. 


4.  CRU'CIFORM,     a.     (forma,) 
having  the  form  of  a  cross. 

5.  CRUSADE',  n.  a  hostile  ex- 
pedition undertaken  for  re- 
ligious motives. 

EXCRU'CIATE,   V.    to    put    to 

severe  pain  (290-3). 


1.  To  an  ambitious  man  like  Wolsey,  the  crucial  trial  was  the 
indignity  cast  upon  him  personally. 

2.  The  Covenanters  of  Scotland  were  subjected  to  the  most  excruci" 
ating  torture  to  extort  from  them  a  denial  of  their  faith. 

3.  Ancient  alchemists,  searching  for  the  philosopher's  stone,  marked 
the  crucible  with  a  cross. 

4.  St.  Mark's,  at  Venice,  like  most  of  the  cathedrals,  is  cruciform  9 
the  transept  and  nave  forming  the  Greek  cross. 

5.  The  desire  to  join  the  Crusade  spread  from  the  cities  to  the  rural 
districts,  and  even  coy  and  timid  children  started  for  the  Holy  Land. 

121.  Cu'b-o,  or  cum'b-o,  I  lie  down.     Cu'Mt-tvm, 
the  elbow. 


1.  ENCUM'BER,  v.   to  oppress 
with  a  burden. 

2.  lNCUM'BENT,a.restingupon. 

3.  KECUM'BENT,  a.  lying. 


4.  ENCUM'BRANCE,  n.  a  bur- 
den. 

SUCCUMB',  v.  sink  under  a 
difficulty  (11-7). 


1.  The  Navigation  Laws  of  England  seemed  devised  to  encumber 
the  colonies,  and  provoke  them  to  act  on  the  defensive. 

2.  It  is  incumbent  on  Congress  so  to  legislate,  that  the  laws  shall 
tend  to  establish  the  fundamental  principles  of  our  government. 

9  G  , 


98  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

3.  The  arrogant  Duke  of  Monmouth,  after  his  defeat  in  1685,  was  glad 
to  assume  a  recumbent  position  in  a  ditch,  where  he  had  time  to  re- 
pent of  his  presumption  and  folly. 

4.  Those  who  contended  in  the  Olympic  Games,  were  careful  to  prac- 
tise the  strictest  temperance,  and  to  lay  aside  every  encumbrance 
that  might  impede  their  progress. 


122.   Cul'p-a,  a  fault,  blame. 


1.  EXCUL'PATE,^.  to  clear  from 
blame. 


2.  CUL'PABLE,    a.    blamable ; 
worthy  of  blame. 


1.  St.  Glair  hoped  to  exculpate  himself,  for  the  management  of  the 
expedition,  which  resulted  in  such  a  disastrous  defeat. 

2.  The  seizure  of  Osceola,  under  a  flag  of  truce,  was  considered  a  most 
culpable  and  fraudulent  act. 

123.   Cu'mul-US,  a  heap. 
1.  CUMULATIVE,  a.  piled  up;   2.  ACCUMULATED,  to  heap  up; 


increasing  by  additions. 


to  collect. 


1.  As  the  evidence  against  Arnold  became  more  and  more  cumula- 
tive, no  doubt  existed  that  he  would  be  convicted  of  maladministration 
of  his  office. 

2.  The  desire  of  Henry  VII.  to  accumulate  wealth,  led  him  to 
undertake  an  enterprise  under  the  direction  of  John  Cabot. 


124.  Cu'ra,  cure. 

1.  PROCUREMENT,  n.  tbe  act 
of  procuring. 

2.  CU'RIOUS,  a.  rare. 

3.  PROX'Y,  n.   agency   of  an- 
other. 

4.  CU'RABLE,  a.  admitting  of  a 
remedy. 

SI'NECURE,  n.  a  position 
which  gives  income  without 
employment  (111-3). 


ACCURATE,  a.  exact ;  free  from 

error  (15-1). 
CU'RATE,  n.  a  clergyman  hired 

to    do    duty    for     another 

(57-3). 

PROCURE',  v.  to  obtain  (39). 
SECU'RITY,  n.  assurance  (114- 

2). 
SECURE',  v.  to  make  sure  (85- 

1). 


1.  The  procurement  of  a  charter  for  Connecticut,  from  such  a  vol- 
atile and  voluptuous  monarch  as  Charles  II.,  required  great  tact. 

2.  By  a  fortuitous  circumstance,  Winthrop  had  in  his  possession  a 
curious  ring,  the  gift  of  Charles  I.     The  king  at  first  ordered  that  the 
application  should  receive  a  negative  answer,  but,  at  sight  of  the  ring,  he 
was  induced  to  countermand  the  order,  and  to  grant  the  charter. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  99 

3.  The  courtship  of  Charles  II.  having  been  performed  by  proxy 9  it 
is  not  remarkable  that  he  did  not  find  his  wife  very  congenial. 

4.  Smith,  fearing  that  the  contusion,  from  which  he  was  suffering, 
would  be  no  longer  curable^  returned  to  England. 

125.  Cur'r-o,  I  run.     Cur's-um,  to  run. 


1.  CUE/RENT,  a.  passing. 

1.  CUR'RENCY,  n.  money. 

2.  PRECUR'SOR,  n.  forerunner. 

3.  CUR'SORY,  a.  hasty. 

4.  COU'RIER,  n.  messenger  sent 
in  haste. 

5.  DISCOURSE',  n.  speech. 

5.  DISCUR'SIVE,  a.  rambling. 

6.  RECOURSE',    n.   application 
for  aid. 

6.  SUC'COR,  n.  help  in  distress. 


6.  INCUR'SION,  n.  invasion. 

7.  EXCURSION,  n.  expedition. 

8.  CAREER',  n.  course. 

9.  OCCURRENCE,  n.  event. 
CONCURRENCE,  n.  combina- 
tion of  circumstances  (23). 

CON'COURSE,  n.  assembly  of 
persons  (110). 
COURSE,  n.  policy  (85-3). 
CONCUR',  v.  agree  (page  29). 
,^.  happen  (page  29). 


1.  The  debasing  of  the  current  coins,  or  the  counterfeiting  of  the 
currency  of  a  country,  is  a  crime,  punishable  with  imprisonment  and 
fine. 

2.  John,  the  precursor  of  Christ,  is  thought  by  many  to  have  bap- 
tized by  immersion. 

3.  On  a  cursory  examination,  Columbus  decided  that  the  land  he 
had  discovered  was  the  East  Indies  ;  it  was  impossible  for  him  to  realize 
the  immense  extent  of  ocean  which  lay  between. 

4.  When  the  courier  announced  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  it  was 
past  midnight  in  Philadelphia,  and  the  inhabitants,  who  did  not  antici- 
pate such  tidings,  were  astonished  to  hear  the  watchman  calling  "Past 
12  o'clock,  Cornwallis  surrendered." 

5.  An  extemporaneous  discourse  is  generally  more  discursive  than 
one  delivered  from  manuscript. 

6.  The  ancient  Britons  suffered  so  dreadfully  from  a  predatory  incur- 
sion  of  the  Picts  and  Scots,  that  they  had  recourse  to  the  Consul 
of  Gaul,  whom  they  prayed,  in  the  most  abject  terms,  to  send  them 
succor. 

7.  Queen  Victoria  has,  for  many  years,  made  a  summer  excursion  to 
Balmoral  (bal-mo'-ral) ;  the  salubrity  of  the  climate,  and  the  reverential 
affection  of  the  people,  make  these  visits  very  agreeable  to  the  royal/amity. 

8.  The  career  of  Columbus  is  an  excellent  exemplification  of  the 
transitory  nature  of  worldly  honor. 

9.  The  bursting  of  the  Peace-maker,  which  resulted  from  some  error  in 
the  construction,  was  a  most  lamentable  occurrence. 


100  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

126.  Cur'v-us,  crooked. 


1.  CURVE,  a.  bent  without 
having  any  angles;  crooked, 
curved. 


2.  CURVILIN'EAR,   a.    (linea,) 
consisting  of  curve  lines. 

3.  INCURV'ATE,  v.  to  bend. 


1.  Any  part  of  the  curve  line,  which  forms  a  circle,  is  called  an  arc. 

2.  Meridians  are  curvilinear 9  although  on  the  map  they  may  be 
represented  as  straight. 

3.  Persons  engaged  in  sedentary  occupations,  should  be  careful  not  to 
incurvate  the  spine,  but  to  maintain  an  erect  posture. 

127.  Cus't-OS    (custo'd-is),  a  keeper. 
1.  CUS'TODY,  n.  imprisonment. 

1.  In  1605,  a  tremendous  excitement  was  produced  in  England  by  the 
discovery  of  a  conspiracy  to  destroy  both  houses  of  Parliament,  by  an 
explosion  of  gunpowder.  Guy  Fawkes  was  taken  into  custody,  and 
efforts  were  made  to  implicate  a  peer  of  the  realm. 

128.  Cur^t-us,  short. 

1.  CUKT,  a.  short,  crusty.         |  1.  CURT'NESS,  n.  shortness. 

1.  "What  can  I  do  for  you?"  said  Alexander  to  Diogenes.  "Stand 
from  between  me  and  the  sunshine,"  was  the  curt  reply.  When  asked 
"  What  can  you  do?  "  Diogenes  replied,  with  curtness,  "  I  can  govern 
men ;  therefore  sell  me  to  some  one  who  needs  a  master." 

129.  Cu't-is,  the  skin. 

v  1.  CUTA'NEOUS,  a.  affecting  the  skin. 

1.  The  Israelites,  dreading  the  contagion  of  cutaneous  diseases, 
were  very  careful  not  to  inhale  the  breath  of  a  leper,  or  come  in  contact 
with  one  in  any  way. 

130.  Dam'n-um,  harm,  loss. 


1.  INDEMNIFY,    v.    to    reim- 
burse. 

DAM' AGE,  n.  injury  (28-3). 
INDEMNIFICATION,  n.  (fa- 
cio,)  reimbursement  of  loss 
(28-3). 


INDEM'NITY,  n.  compensation 
for  loss  (277). 

CONDEMN',  v.  to  give  sentence 
against  (82-1). 

CONDEMNATION,  n.  act  of  con- 
demning (181). 


1.  The  spoliation  bill  paid  by  France  in  1835,  was  intended  to  in- 
demnify the  United  States  for  injury  done  to  her  commerce  from  1794 
to  1810. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  101 

131.  Deb'-eo,  I  owe.    Deb'it-um,  to  owe. 
1.  DEBT'OR,  n.  the  person  who   2.  DEB'IT,  v.  to  charge  with 


owes  another. 


debt. 


1.  The  bankrupt  law,  repealed  in  1878,  secured  to  the  debtor  an  ab- 
solute release  from  his  obligation  to  pay. 

2.  Edward  III.  determined  to  debit  John  of  Gaunt  with  the  expenses 
of  the  war  in  Castile. 

132.  De'c-em,  ten. 

1.  DECEN'NIAL,    a.     (annus,)  I  DEC'IMAL,  n.  a  fraction   pro- 
happening  every  ten  years.  |      ceeding  by  tens  (492). 
1.  The  decennial  enumeration  of  our  population,  shows  that  the 

immigrant  generally  settles  in  the  interior,  rather  than  in  the  maritime 

portions  of  the  country. 

133.  De'cen-s  (decen't- 

1.  DE'CENCY,  n.  propriety  of 
conduct;  quality  of  being 
suitable  in  behavior. 


2.  DECO'RUM,  n.  propriety  of 
behavior. 

3.  DEC'ORATE,  v.  to  adorn. 


1.  After  the  deposition  of  Edward  II.,  his  treatment  showed  a  total 
want  of  kindness,  or  even  decency  9  and  a  determination  to  kill  him  by 
ill  usage. 

2.  The  attendants  of  Charles  I.  acted  in  his  presence  with  the  greatest 
decorum. 

3.  To  decorate  St.  Paul's,  was  the  great  delight  of  its  architect,  Sir 
Christopher  Wren. 

134.  Dens  (derit-is),  a  tooth. 
1.  INDENT'UKE,   n.   a  mutual 


agreement,  a  copy  of  which 
is  held  by  each  party. 
2.  DENT'IST,  n.  one  who  oper- 
ates upon  teeth. 


3.  INDENT',  v.  to  cut  into  points 
or  inequalities. 
DEN'TIFRICE,  n.  (frico,   to 
rub,)  a  powder  for  cleaning 
the  teeth  (498-3). 


1.  In  the  reign  of  James  I.,  the  indenture  of  an  apprentice  usually 
contained  an  express  stipulation  of  the  quantity  of  beer  allowed. 

2.  Formerly,  the  dentist  and  the  barber  were  identical;  the  ability 
to  extract  a  tooth,  being  the  only  dental  knowledge  necessary. 

3.  Anciently,  it  was  customary  to  indent  the  paper  on  which  the 
contract  for  an  apprentice  was  written. 

9* 


102 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


135.  Deris-us,  thick,  close. 


1.  CONDENSATION,  n.  compres- 


sion. 
1.  DEN'SITY,  n.  compactness. 


2.  CONDENSE',  v.  to  compress. 


DENSE,  a.  compact ;  opposed 
to  rare  (475-1). 

1.  The  application  of  cold,  to  solidify  a  fluid,  usually  produces  con- 
densation;  but  the  density  of  ice  is  less  than  that  of  water. 

2.  To  write  acceptably  for  the  daily  press,  a  person  must  be  able  to 
condense,  and  to  seize  on  the  salient  points  of  a  subject. 

136.  Dete'rior,  worse. 

1.  DETERIORATION,     n.     the   DETERIORATE,    v.    to    make 
state  of  having  grown  worse.  I      worse  (101-1). 
1.  The  deterioration  of  Spain  as  a  nation  is  easily  seen,  if  we 

compare  its  present  and  past  condition. 

137.  De'-us,  God. 


DE'ITY,  n.  the  Divine  being. 
The  nature  and  essence  of 
God  (68-2). 


DE'IST,  n.  one  who  believes  in 
God,  but  denies  revelation 
(115-1). 


138.  Dex'ter,  pertaining  to  the  right  hand,  expert. 


1.  DEXTER'ITY,  n.  expertness. 

2.  DEX'TEROUS,  a.  expert ;  skil- 
ful and  active. 


3.  AMBIDEX'TER,  n.  (ambo, 
both,)  one  who  uses  both 
hands  with  equal  facility. 


1.  The  jugglers  of  India  exhibit  a  dexterity 9  in  every  manoeuvre, 
which  is  perfectly  marvellous. 

2.  Alexander,  by  a  dexterous  movement,  seized  the  bridle  of  Bu- 
cephalus, and,  by  gentle  treatment,  soon  made  him  tractable. 

3.  It  is  evident,  that  for  many  kinds  of  work,  it  is  necessary  to  have 
an  expert  workman,  who  is  an  ambidexter. 

139.  Di'c-o,  I  devote,  I  show.    Dica't-um,  to  devote, 
to  show. 


1.  IN'DICATE,  v.  to  show. 

2.  INDICA'TION,  n.  token. 

3.  IN'DEX,  n.  a  table  of  contents. 
PRED'ICABLE,  a.  capable  of 

being  affirmed  (231-4). 


DEDICATE,    v.    to   consecrate 

(110). 
AB'DICATE,  v.  to   resign ;    to 

surrender    formally,    as    a 

crown  (98-1). 


1.  "Everything,"  says  John  Robinson,  in  his  diary,  "seems  to  indi- 
cate that  we  must  leave  Holland." 

2.  It  is  impossible  to  surmount  the  difficulties  of  our  social  position, 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  103 

which  tend  to  demoralize  our  children  ;  every  indication  of  Providence 
points  to  America  as  our  refuge. 

3.  A  scientific  book  is  often  much  improved  by  the  addition  of  an  in- 
dex and  vocabulary. 

140.  Di'c-o,  I  say.     Dic't-um,  to  say. 


1.  DIC'TION,  n.  style. 

2.  DICTATORIAL,     a.     over- 
bearing. 

3.  CONTRADICTION,  n.  opposi- 
tion; denial. 

4.  CONTRADICTORY,  a.  in  op- 
position to. 

5.  INDICT',  v.    to  charge  by 
formal  accusation. 

6.  MALEDIC'TION,  n.  (malus,) 
a  curse. 

7.  E'DICT,  n.  proclamation  of 
command  or  prohibition. 


8.  DIC'TUM,  n.  assertion. 

9.  IN'TERDICT,  n.  a  prohibi- 
tion of  the  Pope. 

10.  INDITE',  v.  to  compose. 

11.  DICTIONARY,  n.  a  vocab- 
ulary. 

12.  VER'DICT,  n.  (verus,)  de- 
cision. 

DIC'TATES,  n.  an  author- 
itative rule  (92-5). 
DICTA'TOR,   n.   a    Roman 
magistrate  (15-2). 
PREDICT',  v.  foretell  (22-5). 


1.  To  acquire  a  pure  diction,  read  the  works  of  the  "  Augustan  Age." 

2.  The  disposition  of  Henry  VIII.  was  irascible,  and  his  manner  dic- 
tatorial. 

3.  When  an  invalid,  Henry  VIII.  would  not  endure  the   slightest 
contradiction. 

4.  Catharine  Parr,  the  last  wife  of  Henry  VIII.,  was  generally  able 
to  mollify  him  ;  but  one  day  she  gave  him  an  answer,  which  was  con- 
tradictory to  some  of  his  opinions. 

5.  Excited  by  Bishop  Gardiner's  insinuation  that  it  was  derogatory  to 
the  conjugal  relation,  to  allow  such  an  act,  Henry  ordered  the  Chancellor 
to  indict  her. 

6.  The  prudent  and  sagacious  Catharine  managed  so  adroitly,  that  the 
.malice  of  the  King  was  directed  against  the  Bishop,  on  whom  he  pro- 
nounced a  bitter  malediction. 

7.  Every  avocation  in  France  suffered  when  Louis  XIV.  was  induced 
to  revoke  the  edict  of  Nantes. 

8.  "The  proof  of  the  rotundity  of  the  earth,"  said  Columbus,  "does 
not  rest  on  my  dictum ,  but  on  three  facts,  obvious  to  all ;  deride  as  you 
please,  but  give  rne  some  ships,  and  I  will  demonstrate  the  truth  of  what 
I  assert." 

9.  In  the  reign  of  King  John,  England  was  laid  under  an  Interdict* 

10.  W.  H.  Prescott,  notwithstanding  his  blindness,  was  able  to  indite 
such  erudite  works  as  the  History  of  Mexico,  etc. 


104  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

11.  A  good  dictionary 9  such  as  Webster's  or  Worcester's  Unabridged, 
not  only  gives  the  meaning,  but  a  sentence  containing  the  word,  as  a 
model. 

12.  Sentence  of  death  was  pronounced  on  Charles  I.  the  same  day 
that  the  verdict  was  rendered. 


141.  Di'-es,  a  day. 

1.  DIUK'NAL,  a.  daily. 

2.  DI'AL,  n.  face   of  a  time- 
piece. 

2.  MEEID'IAN,    n.    (medius,) 
noon. 


DI'ARY,  n.  a  journal  (139-1). 

MERID'IANS,™.  (medius,)  great 
circles  passing  through  the 
poles  and  cutting  the  equa- 
tor at  right  angles  (126-2). 


1.  The  diurnal  rotation  of  the  earth  upon  its  axis  produces  the 
change  of  day  and  night. 

2.  At  all  places  between  the  polar  circles,  in  the  same  longitude,  the 
sun  dial  will  indicate  meridian  at  the  same  instant. 

142.  Dig'it-llS,  a  finger ;  a  finger's  breadth. 
1.  DI'GIT,  n.  any  one  of  the  figures  from  1  to  9. 

1.  Is  the  cipher  to  be  considered  a  digit?     No  ;  there  are  but  nine 
digits. 

143.  Dig'n-us,  worthy.  Digna't-us, thinking  worthy. 


1.  DIG'NIFY,  v.  to  advance  to 
honor. 

2.  CONDIGN',  a.  merited. 

3.  DEIGN,  v.  condescend. 

4.  DISDAIN',  v.  to  contemn. 


DIG'NITY,  n.  nobleness  (56-2). 

INDIG'NITY,  n.  injury  accom- 
panied by  insult  (120-1). 

INDIG'NANT,  a.  angry  and  dis- 
gusted (92-1). 


1.  The  Queen  determined  to  dignify  the  architect  of  the  Crystal 
Palace  by  making  him  a  Baronet. 

2.  On  the  arrest  of  Andre",  a  conference  was  held,  and  it  was  decided 
that  condign  punishment  must  be  visited  on  all  concerned. 

3.  Many,  who  would  not  deign  to  notice  Columbus  when  he  left 
Spain,  were  willing  to  ennoble  him  on  his  return. 

4.  To  disdain  or  despise  the  poor,  because  of  their  poverty,  is  to  re- 
flect dishonor  on  the  Creator. 

144.  Dilu'vi-um,  a  deluge,  a  flood. 
1.  DEL'UGE,  n.  a  flood.  who  lived  before  the  flood 

ANTEDILU'VIANS,  n.   those       (7-1). 

1.  According  to  Usher's  chronology,  the  deluge  occurred  1656  A.M. 
or  2348  B.C. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  106 


145.  Discip'ul-us,  a  learner. 


1.  DISCIPLINE,    n.    training, 


DISCI'PLE,  n.  a  follower ;    an 


physical  or  mental.  adherent  (92-6). 

1.  Parental  discipline  was  formerly  so  rigid,  that  a  child  was  not 
allowed  to  sit,  in  presence  of  the  parent,  without  permission. 

146.  Di'v-US,  a  god  ;  God. 


1.  DIVINA'TION,  n.  foretelling. 

2.  DIVINE',  a.  having  the  na- 
ture of  God. 


3.  DIVINE',  n.  a  theologian. 
DIVIN'ITY,  n.  the  science  of 
divine  things  (49-2). 


1.  Fortune-tellers  profess  to  practise  divination  with  the  sediment 
of  coffee,  the  lines  of  the  hand,  wych-hazel,  etc. 

2.  The  idea  of  the  existence  of  a  divine  being,  seems  to  be  innate  in 
the  human  mind. 

3.  *  Dr.  Biles,  a  celebrated  divine  of  Boston,  was  noted  for  his  humor. 
In  order  to  illuminate  the  darkness  of  their  streets,  the  Selectmen  of 
Boston  had  imported  lamps  from  England,  which,  according  to  the  usual 
practice,  they  proceeded  to  suspend  from  the  lamp-posts  by  chains..    There 
was,  at  this  time,  a  religious  sect  called  "  New  Lights."     One  of  these,  a 
matron,  noted  for  her  illiberality ,  had  annoyed  the  doctor  with  her  lo- 
quacity and  inquisitive  disposition.     Meeting  this  lady  one  day,  the  fol- 
lowing colloquy  took  place :  —  "  Madam,  have  you  heard  the  important 
news  ? "     "  News !     What  news  ?  "     "  I  do  not  wish  to  grieve  you,"  said 
the  doctor  ;  "  but  a  number  of  '  New  Lights '  arrived  this  morning,  and 
the  Selectmen  have  ordered  them  all  to  be  put  in  irons !  "     "  Doctor,  are 
you  certain  of  this?"     "Madam,"  said  the  doctor,  with  imperturbable 
gravity,  "  I  can  testify  to  the  truth  of  the  statement,  for  I  saw  one  of 
them  hanging.     But,  remember,  this  is   entirely  confidential"     "  Oh ! 
certainly,"  said  madam  ;  and  with  an  abrupt  "good-by,"  the  lady  hurried 
off  to  spread  the  intelligence. 

147.  Do,  I  give.  Da't-um,  to  give.  Do'n-um,  a  gift. 


1.  KEN'DER,  v.  to  furnish. 

2.  DONEE',  n.  one  who  receives 
a  gift. 

3.  DO'NOB,  n.  giver. 
CONDI'TION,  n.  state  (11-3). 
DONA'TION,  n.  gift  (36). 
ADDI'TION,  n.  increase  (1-6). 


ED'ITOR,  n.  one  who  pub- 
lishes (54-2). 

UNCONDI'TIONAL,  a.  without 
terms  (11-8). 

SURREN'DER,  n.  giving  up 
(11-8). 

ADD,  v.  to  join  to  (560). 


*  When  scholars  are  required  to  combine  a  word  contained  in  a  long  paragraph, 
they  should  make  a  clear,  distinct  statement  similar  to  the  model  given.  Dr.  Biles, 
meeting  a  very  loquacious  lady,  a  witty  colloquy  took  place  Dr.  Biles  could 
preserve  the  most  imperturbable  gravity,  while  saying  the  funniest  things. 


106  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  When  the  French  Government  was  unwilling  to  render  any  aid, 

Lafayette  offered  his  services  to  the  American  cause. 

2.  Congress,  grateful  for  the   generous  conduct  of  Lafayette,  deter- 
mined to  make  him  the  donee  of  a  large  tract  of  land. 

3.  Boston  and  Philadelphia  are  greatly  indebted  to  Franklin,  who  was 
the  donor  of  £2000,  the  nucleus  of  the  Philadelphia  Library,  and  of 
the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 

148.  Do'c-eo,  I  teach.    Doc't-um,  to  teach. 


1.  DOCIL'ITY,  n.  teachableness. 

2.  DOC'TRINE,  n.  that  which  is 
taught. 

3.  DOC'ILE,  a.  teachable ;  will- 
ing to  learn. 


DOC'TOR,  n.  one  who  has  re- 
ceived a  diploma ;  a  teacher 
(49-2). 

DOC'UMENT,  n.  a  paper  con- 
taining evidence  (11-5). 


1.  The  most  inveterate,  enemy  of  Charles  I.  longed  to  condole  with  him 
in  the  grief  occasioned  by  the  death  of  his  little  daughter,  whose  do- 
cility and  ingenuousness  had  won  the  love  of  all  who  knew  her. 

2.  Many  Pagans  admit  the  doctrine,  that  a  part  of  man  is  immortal, 
even  though  they  believe  in  the  annihilation  of  the  body. 

3.  A  docile  disposition  in  infancy  and  youth  is  the  best  indication 
of  a  learned  old  age. 

149.  Do'le-O,  I  grieve ;  I  am  in  pain. 
DOLE'FUL,  a.  sorrowful  (68-3).  |  CONDOLE'  (see  page  29). 

150.  Dom'in-US9  a  master  ;  a  lord. 


1.  DOMIN'ION,     n.     sovereign 
power. 

DOMINATION,   n.    tyranny 
(65-9). 


DOMINEER',  v.  to  rule  with  in- 
solence (22-3). 

PREDOMINATE,  v.  to  prevail 
over  (27-1). 


1.  When  the  Colonies  determined  to  throw  off  the  dominion  of  Great 
Britain,  the  dominant  power  in  Boston  held  Tory  principles. 

151.  Do'm-0,  I  subdue,  I  tame.     Dom'it-UWl,  to  sub- 
due, to  tame. 


1.  UNDAUNT'ED,  a.  not  intim- 
idated. 

INDOM'ITABLE,  a.  not  to  be 
subdued  (71-2). 


UNDAUNT'EDLY,  adv.  intrep- 
idly (46). 

DAUNT'LESS,  a.  fearless;  in- 
trepid (618-1). 


1.  De  Soto,  undaunted  by  the  dangers  that  surrounded  him,  pressed 
forward  to  the  Mississippi,  which  he  discovered  in  1541. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


107 


152.  Do'm-US,  a  house,  a  home. 

1.  DOMES'TICATE,  v.  to  tame.    [2.  DOMICILE,  n.  mansion. 

1.  A  man  found  a  serpent  in  a  dormant  or  torpid  state,  and  took  it 
home,  intending  to  domesticate  it;  but  he  had  reason  to  repent  of  his 
folly,  when  the  reptile  stung  him. 

2.  Having  indubitable  proof,  that  the  King  was  implacable,  Wolsey  re- 
signed his  splendid  domicile,  and,  disconsolate  and  dejected,  sought 
the  hospitality  of  Leicester  Abbey,  where  he  died. 

153.  Dor'm-io,  I  sleep.    Dormi't-um,  to  sleep. 


DOR'MANT, 
(152-1). 


a.       insensible 


DOR'MITORY,    n.    a    sleeping- 
room  (72). 


154.  Dor's-um,  the  back. 

1.  ENDORSE',  v.  to  write  one's  name  on  the  back  of  a  paper. 
1.  To  transfer  a  promissory  note,  it  is  necessary  to  endorse  it. 

155.  Du'bi-um,  doubt.    Dubitaft-um,  to  doubt. 


DU'BIOUS,  a.  uncertain ;  doubt- 
ful (75-3). 


INDU'BITABLE,   a.   not  to  be 
doubted  (152-2). 


156.  Du'c-o,  I  lead.    Duc't-um,  to  lead. 


1.  DUC'TILE,  a.  capable  of  be- 
ing drawn  into  a  wire ;  flex- 
ible. 

2.  CON'DUIT,  n.  a  water-pipe. 

3.  CONDUCE',  v.  to  tend. 

4.  ADDUCE',  v.  to  bring  for- 
ward. 

4.  DEDUCE',  v.  infer. 

5.  Due' AT,    n.    a    silver   coin 
worth  about  a  dollar ;  and  a 
gold  of  twice  the  value. 


CON'DUCT,  n.  behavior ;  deport- 
ment (11-1). 

DUKE,  n.  one  of  the  highest 
order  of  nobility  (111-2). 

ED'UCATE,  v.  to  bring  up 
(92-5). 

INTRODUCTORY,  a.  preliminary 
(54-1). 

INDUCE'  (see  page  30). 

PRODUCE'  (see  page  30). 

KEDUCE'  (see  page  30). 


1.  The  ductile  quality  of  gold,  enables  the  artificer  to  attenuate  it  in 
a  most  remarkable  degree. 

2.  A  conduit,  intended  to  supply  Jerusalem  with  water,  was  made 
impervious  by  a  cement,  known  only  to  the  ancients. 

3.  Public  schools  ought  to  conduce  to  morality,  as  well  as  to  general 
intelligence. 

4.  We  are  accustomed  to  adduce  the  tax  upon  tea,  as  the  cause  of 


108 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


the  Revolution,  but  there  were  many  other  acts  of  oppression,  from 
which  we  can  deduce  the  righteousness  of  the  war. 

5.  In  the  "  Merchant  of  Venice,"  Antonio  agrees,  that  if  every  ducat 
is  not  paid,  he  will  forfeit  a  pound  of  flesh. 


157.  Du'-o,  two. 
1.  DUPLICATES, 


Duel'l-um,  a  fight  between  two. 


n. 


(plico,) 
copies ;  things  which  exact- 
ly resemble  other  things. 
2.  DUODEC'IMO,  n.  (decem,)  a 
book  in  which  the  sheet  is 
folded  into  12  leaves. 


DU'EL,  n.  a  combat  between 
two  (51). 

DUPLIC'ITY,  n.  (plico,)  decep- 
tion (71-2). 

DOUB'LY,  adv.  (plico,)  in  twice 
the  degree  (7-4). 


1.  Duplicates  of  letters  had  to  be  written  by  manual  labor  until  a 
machine  was  invented  to  perform  the  operation. 

2.  Caxton  published  books  of  all  sizes,  from  the  cumbersome  folio  to 
the  duodecimo,  so  convenient  to  peruse. 

158.  Du'r-US,  hard. 

1.  DU'BABLE,  a.  lasting.  OB'DUEATE,  a.  stubborn ;  hard- 

2.  DURA'TION,  n.  continuance.  ened  in  feelings  (70-2). 

3.  OB'DUKACY,  n.  hardness  of  ENDURE',  v.  to  undergo ;    to 
heart.  sustain  (92-5). 

1.  So  durable  are  some  kinds  of  wood,  that  there  are  stone  bridges 
in  a  state  of  dilapidation,  while  the  wooden  piles  on  which  they  rest  are 
in  a  good  state  of  preservation. 

2.  Who  can  comprehend  the  duration  of  Eternity  f    Or  even  the 
infinite  distance  that  exists  between  us  and  the  nearest  constellation. 

3.  Tb&flagrancy  of  the  crime,  and  the  obduracy  exhibited  by  Ra- 
vaillac,  the  murderer  of  "Good  King  Henry,"  made  the  people  rejoice  in 
his  terrible  punishment. 

159.  lfflri-U89  drunken. 


1.  INE'BBIATE,  n.  a  drunkard. 
EBRI'ETY,  n.  drunkenness 
(51). 


SOBEI'ETY,  n.  freedom  from  in- 
toxication ;  habitual  tem- 
perance (75-7). 


1.  A  home  for  the  inebriate,  in  which  he  will  be  free  from  tempta- 
tion, is  one  of  the  noble  charities  of  the  age. 

160.  JE'd-es,  a  house,  a  building. 

1.  ED'IFY,  v.  to  build  up  in   ED'IFICE,  n.  (facio,)  a  building 
knowledge.  (65-1). 

1.  The  study  of  history  tends  to  edify  and  enlarge  the  mind. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  109 

161.  E'd-O,  I  eat. 

1.  ED'IBLE,  a.  eatable.  |  2.  EDAC'ITY,  n.  voracity. 

1.  "  What  articles  are  edible?  "  inquires  the  naturalist.     "  Rats  and 
birds'-nests,"  says  the  Chinaman.    "  Frogs,"  says  the  Frenchman.    "  Ran- 
cid oil,"  says  the   Esquimaux.     "  Old   cheese,"   says  the  Englishman. 
Yet  all  these  are  disgusting  to  persons  not  accustomed  to  them. 

2.  The  edacity  of  pachyderms,  such  as  the  elephant,  rhinoceros,  hip- 
popotamus, and  tapir,  is  astonishing. 

162.  E'go,  I. 

1.  E'GOTISM,  n.  talking  much  2.  EGOTIST'ICAL,   a.    self-con- 


of  one's  self. 


ceited. 


1.  In  the  first  person,  the  plural  we  is  often  used,  for  the  singular  J, 
by  editors,  etc.,  to  avoid  the  appearance  of  egotism. 

2.  To  avoid  appearing  egotistical,  the  plural  we  is  often  used  for 
the  singular  /,  by  reviewers,  etc. 

163.  El'egans  (elegarit-is),  elegant. 

1.  EL'EGANCE,  n.  the  state  or  quality  of  being  elegant. 

1.  Elegance  implies  a  select  style  of  beauty,  usually  produced  by 
art  or  skill. 

164.  E'm-o,  I  buy.    Emp't-um,  to  buy. 


1.  EXEMP'TION,     n.     freedom 
from  that  to  which  others 
are  subject. 

2.  PEK'EMPTORY,  a.  decisive. 

3.  REDEMPTION,  n.  ransom. 


4.  REDEEM',  v.  to  ransom. 

5.  REDEEM' ABLE,   a.    capable 
of  being  redeemed. 

EXEMPT',  v.  to  release;  to 
take  from  (15-2). 


1.  Only  two  (Enoch  and  Elijah)  of  the  human  race,  have  had  ex- 
emption from  mortality. 

2.  The  command  to  General  Scott,  in  1846,  to  proceed  to  Mexico,  was 
so  peremptory  9  that  delay  was  impossible. 

3.  Richard,  the  "  Lion-hearted,"  was  so  esteemed,  that  the  English 
melted  the  silver  in  the  churches  to  obtain  the  sum  necessary  for  his 
redemption. 

4.  The  brigands  demanded  a  large  sum  to  redeem  the  captive. 

5.  The  bonds  of  the  United  States,  called  "  five-twenties,"  were  re~ 
deemable  in  either  five  or  twenty  years. 


165.  JEmlulus,  a  rival. 
1.  EMULA'TION,  n.  rivalry ;  de- 


2.  EM'ULATE,  v.  to  strive  to 


sire  to  equal  or  excel,  equal  or  excel. 

10 


110  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  The  pleasure  afforded  by  the  possession  of  knowledge,  ought  to 
produce  sufficient  emulation  among  scholars. 

2.  Let  the  youth  of  America  emulate  the  noble  character  of  Wash- 
ington, in  integrity,  honesty,  and  self- sacrifice. 

166.  Ens  (erit-is),  being.    (See  Sum.) 

167.  J3i-o9  I  go.    I't-um,  to  go. 


1.  AM'BIENT,  a.  floating  on  all 
sides. 

2.  EX'IT,  n.  departure. 

3.  INI'TIAL,  a.  placed  at  the 
beginning. 

4.  INITIATE,  v.  to  introduce. 

5.  OBIT'UARY,  a.  relating  to 
the  decease  of  a  person. 

6.  SEDI'TION,  n.  insurrection  ; 
rebellion. 


CIR'CUIT,  n.  the  division  of  a 
state  visited  by  a  j  udge  to 
hold  periodical  courts  (475). 

CIRCU'ITOUS,  a.  indirect  (72). 

AMBI'TION,  n.  desire  for  ad- 
vancement (42-3). 

TRAN'SITORY,  a.  passing  quick- 
ly away  (125-8). 

TRANSIENT,  a.  not  lasting 
(48-1). 


1.  It  is  related  of  Constantine,  that  a  flaming  cross  appeared  to  him 
in  the  heavens,  and   that,  through  the  ambient  air,  there  came  a 
voice,  saying,  "  By  this,  conquer." 

2.  The  exit  of  some  of  the  Eoyal  Governors  from  the  Colonies,  was 
marked  by  acts  calculated  to  inflame  the  minds  of  the  people. 

3.  When  a  word  begins  with  two  consonants,  the  sounds  of  which  will 
not  coalesce,  the  initial  consonant  is  silent ;  as,  knife. 

4.  The  ancient  alchemists,  before  consenting  to  initiate  a  novice  into 
the  mysteries  of  their  craft,  required  him  to  make  a  solemn  asseveration, 
never  to  divulge  its  secrets. 

5.  The  obituary  notices  of  Lord  Brougham  (broo'-am,  or  broo'm), 
in  1839,  were  so  laudatory,  that  some  thought  he  originated  the  false  re- 
port of  his  own  death,  to  see  what  contemporary  writers  would  say  of 
him. 

6.  William  Penn  was  known  to  correspond  with  James  II.,  and,  con- 
sequently, was  accused  of  sedition. 

168.  E'ques  (eq'uit-is),  a  horseman. 


2.  EQ'UIPAGE,   n.  attendance, 
retinue. 


1.  EQUES'TRIAN,  a.  pertaining 
to  horsemanship. 

1.  Equestrian  exercises  are  promotive  of  health  and  vivacity,  and 
are  invaluable  for  those  who  are  convalescent. 

2.  According  to  Ancient  History,  the  equipage  of  Queen  Zenobia 
was  magnificent. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


Ill 


169.  JEqn-lis9  equal,  just. 


1.  AD'EQUATE,  a.  equal  to. 

2.  EQUA'TION,  n.  an  expression 
of  equality  between  quan- 
tities. 

3.  EQUILIBRIUM,   n.    (libra,) 
equality  of  weight. 

4.  EQ'UITY,  n.  justice. 

5.  EQUIVALENT,    n.    (valeo,) 
that  which  is  of  equal  value. 

6.  EQUIV'OCATE,  v.  (voco,)  to 
use  words   in   a  deceptive 
manner. 


7.  INIQ'UITY,™.  great  wicked- 
ness. 

8.  EQUALIZE,    v.    to     make 
alike  in  amount  or  degree. 

9.  EQUIDISTANT,   a.  (sisto,) 
at  the  same  distance. 

10.  E'QUAL,  a.  neither  greater 
nor  less. 

EQUATORIAL,  a.  relating  to 
the  equator  (180-11). 

EQUINOC'TIAL,  a.  (nox,)  per- 
taining to  the  equinox  (320). 


1.  In  1779,  Prevost  threatened  Charleston ;  although  Lincoln  feared  that 
his  force  was  not  adequate  to  the  emergency,  he  hastened  to  its  relief, 
and  in  spite  of  the  disparity  of  the  forces,  compelled  the  British  to  retreat. 

2.  An  equation  is  not  altered,  if  you  perform  the  same  operation  on 
both  sides. 

3.  The  cultivation  of  the  intellect  tends  to  preserve  the  equilibrium 
of  the  mental  and  physical  powers. 

4.  "  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  equity 9 
arising  under  this  Constitution." 

5.  William  Penn  considered  it  dishonorable  to  take  anything  from  the 
Indians,  without  returning  an  equivalent. 

6.  Nathan  Hale  was  able  to  penetrate  into  the  very  heart  of  the  Brit- 
ish camp,  but,  on  his  return,  was  apprehended,  and  carried  before  the 
Provost.     When  the   usual  question,   "Are  you  a  spy?"   was   put   to 
Nathan  Hale,  he  scorned  to  equivocate,  and  merely  answered  "  Yes." 

7.  The  iniquity  of  the  massacre  of  Wyoming,  in  1778,  has  made  the 
name  of  Col.  John  Butler  infamous. 

8.  Congress  has  made  an  effort  to  equalize  the  bounties  paid  to  the 
soldiers. 

9.  The  tropics  are  two  small  circles,  equidistant  from  the  equator, 
which  mark  the  limit  of  the  sun's  declination. 

10.  Two  lines  which  are  equal  and  parallel  express  equality ;  thus, 


JErra't-lim,  to  wander. 
4.  ERRA'TA,  n.  errors  in  writ- 
ing or  printing. 
ER'ROR,  n.  fault ;  blunder 
(675-1). 


170.  Er'r-O,  I  wander. 

1.  ERRAT'IC,  a.  eccentric. 

2.  ERRO'NEOUS,  a.  incorrect. 

3.  ABERRA'TION,  n.  a  wander- 
ing. 


112  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  The  erratic  course  of  George  III.,  greatly  surprised  the  nation, 
until  it  was  known  that  all  the  premonitory  symptons  of  insanity  had 
appeared. 

2.  Until  Columbus  proved  it  to  be  erroneous,  the  opinion  was  prev- 
alent, that  the  earth  was  a  level  plain. 

3.  Aberration  of  mind,  was  formerly  attributed  to  lunar  influences, 
and  was,  therefore,  called  lunacy. 

4.  The  correction  of  errata  in  stereotype  plates,  involves  a  great  deal 
of  labor. 

171.  JEs'tim-o,  I  value. 

1.  ES'TIMATE,  v.  to  compute. 

2.  ES'TIMABLE,  a.  worthy  of 
esteem. 


3.  INESTIMABLE,  a.  above  all 
price. 

EsTiMA'TiON,w.opinion(76). 


1.  It  is  hardly  possible  to  estimate,  properly,  the  value  of  the  ter- 
ritory acquired  by  the  treaty  of  Guadaloupe  Hidalgo. 

2.  The  estimable  character  of  Rose  Standish,  consort  of  Miles  Stan- 
dish,  made  her  generally  beloved  in  the  Plymouth  Colony. 

3.  The  inestimable  "  right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  is  a  right 
belonging  to  the  people,  as  individuals." 

172.  JEtier'n-US,  without  beginning  or  end. 
1.  ETER'NITY,  n.  continuance  without  beginning  or  end. 

1.  The  ancients  represented  eternity  by  a  serpent  with  its  tail  in 
its  mouth. 


173.  JE'-vum,  an  age. 
1.  COE'VAL,  n.  existing  at  the 
same  time. 


3.  LONGEVITY,    n.    (longus,) 
long    duration   of    life   (7- 


2.  PEJME'VAL,    a.    (primus,) 
primitive. 

1.  If,  in  a  stratum  of  granite,  we  find  the  bones  of  a  quadruped,  or 
biped,  it  is  fair  to  infer  that  those  animals  were  coeval  with  the  rocks. 

2.  Milton  gives,  in  "Paradise  Lost,"  a  vivid  description  of  the  earth 
in  its  primeval  state. 

174.  Exam! en  (exam'in-is),  a  balance. 


1.  EXAMINING,  part,  investi- 


2.  EXAMINATION,  n.  investi- 


gating closely  (22-5).  gation  (125-3). 

175.  Exemfpl-um,  a  pattern. 


1.  EXEMPLIFY,  v.  to  illustrate 


by  example.  presented  for  inspection. 


2.  SAM'PLE,™.  specimen ;  a  part 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  113 


EXAM'PLE,  n.  pattern  (75- 
10). 

EX'EMPLARY,  a.  worthy  of  imi- 
tation (38). 


EXEMPLIFICATION,  n.  (facio,) 
illustration  (125-8). 

UNEXAM'PLED,  a.  without  pre- 
cedent (76-1). 


1.  The  proficiency  which  Milton  exhibited  at  college,  served  to  ex- 
emplify the  principle,  that  "  ATTENTION  is  THE  SECKET  OF  SUCCESS." 

2.  When,  in  1791,  a  sample  of  anthracite  coal  was  exhibited,  peopl-e 
treated  with  derision  the  idea,  that  it  was  inflammable. 

176.  Exil'i-um,  banishment  from  one's  country. 
1.  EX'ILE,  n.  banishment. 

1.  Charles  II.  was  too  obtuse  to  profit  by  his  experience  in  exile, 
during  the  Protectorate. 

177.  Ex'ter-us,  outer.    Exte'rior,  outer.    Extre'- 

m-WS9  the  outermost.     Ex'tra,  on  the  outside. 


1.  EXTE'RIOR,    n.    the    outer 
part ;  that  which  is  external. 

2.  EXTER'NAL,  a.  outward. 

3.  EXTRA'NEOUS,   a.   not   be- 
longing to  a  thing. 


4.  EXTREM'ITY,  n.  the  utmost 
point. 

5.  EXTRIN'SIC,  a.  unessential, 
outward. 

STRANGE,  a.  peculiar  (12-3). 


1.  The  first  view  of  the  exterior  of  St.  Peter's,  usually  disappoints 
the  spectator. 

2.  The  Supreme  Being  judges  not  by  the  external  appearance,  but 
by  the  heart. 

3.  As  there  was  no  surgeon  to  probe  the  wound  of  Smith,  and  remove 
any  extraneous  matter,  he  sought  medical  aid  in  England. 

4.  During  the  famine  in  Virginia,  in  1610,  the  colonists  were  reduced 
to  such  extremity 9  that  they  devoured  the  skins  of  horses. 

5.  The  favorable  reception  of  Franklin,  as  ambassador  to  France,  was 
attributable  to  no  extrinsic  aids  or  adventitious  circumstances. 


178.  Fab'ric-0,  I  make  or  frame. 
1.  FAB'RIC,  n.   manufactured  2.  FAB'RICATE,  v.  to  manufac- 


cloth. 


ture. 


1.  We  are  indebted  to  a  worm,  for  the  beautiful  fabric  called  silk, 
whose  soft  and  pliable  texture  makes  it  so  suitable  for  clothing. 

2.  The  object  of  a  tariff,  is  to  induce  the  inhabitants  of  a  country  to 
fabricate  everything  they  use. 

10*  H 


114 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


179.  Fa'ci-es,  a  face. 

1.  DEFACE',  v.  to  disfigure.         2.  FACE,  n.  the  countenance ; 

2.  EFFACE',  v.  expunge.  the  visage. 

1.  To  deface  a  building,  or  its  enclosure,  by  scribbling,  or  by  draw- 
ing any  figure,  or  by  whittling,  is  a  vulgarism  of  which  no  person,  hav- 
ing the  slightest  pretension  to  gentility,  would  be  guilty. 

2.  A  young  man  having  been  guilty  of  some  immoral  act,  "Washing- 
ton deemed  it  his  duty  to  remonstrate  with  him ;  when  the  youth,  greatly 
incensed,  actually  spit  in  his  face.     With  the  most  perfect  equanimity, 
Washington  wiped  it  off,  saying, "  Young  man,  I  wish  you  could  efface  the 
guilt  from  your  soul,  as  easily  as  I  can  wipe  this  insult  from  my  face. " 

180.  Fa!ci-o9 1  do,  I  make.    Fac't-um,  to  do,  to  make. 


1.  FAC'TION,  n.  a  party  op- 
posed to  the  Government. 

2.  AFFECTA'TION,  n.  artificial 
appearance. 

3.  EFFICA'CIOTJS,  a.  effectual. 

4.  OFFICIATE,  v.  to  perform 
the  duties  of  an  office. 

5.  INFECT',  v.  taint  with  dis- 


ease. 


6.  SuR'FEiTED,^>ar£.  satiated. 

7.  DIFFICULTIES,  n.  embar- 
rassments. 

8.  DEFEC'TIVE,  a.  deficient. 

9.  PON'TIFF,  n.  (pons,)   the 
pope. 

10.  FASH'iONS,n.modes,  styles. 

11.  FEAT'URES,  n.  lineaments. 
AFFEC'TION,  n.  love  (12-2). 


FAC'ULTIES,  n.  powers  (8-2). 

DEFEAT',  v.  to  overcome  or  to 
vanquish  (57-5). 

DEFEC'TION,  n.  the  act  of  aban- 
doning a  cause  (35-3). 

EFFECT',  v.  produce  (1-5). 

FACILITATE,  v.  to  render  easy 
(475-1). 

FACIL'ITY,  n.  dexterity  (26-2). 

FAC'TOEY,  n.  a  place  where 
things  are  manufactured 
(705-1). 

OF'FICEE,  n.  a  person  holding 
an  office ;  a  person  lawfully 
invested  with  an  office  (56- 
5). 

SUFFICIENT,  n.  enough  (11- 


4). 

1.  In  1645,  a  faction,  headed  by  Clayborne,  caused  much  disturb- 
ance in  Maryland. 

2.  When  Pocahontas  was  in  England,  her  simplicity,  and  freedom  from 
affectation,  won  the  love  of  all. 

3.  When  a  person  has  swallowed  poison,  the  most  efficacious  rem- 
edy at  hand,  is  usually  the  white  of  an  egg,  to  neutralize  the  poison ;  or 
mustard,  in  warm  water,  to  produce  nausea. 

4.  If  the  President  and  Vice-President  are  both  disqualified  to  perform 
the  duties  of  the  office,  the  presiding  officer  of  the  Senate  is  to  officiate. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  115 

5.  Travellers  are  obliged  to  submit  to  quarantine,  lest  they  should  in- 
fect a  city. 

6.  Alexander,  the  conqueror  of  the  world,  having  surfeited  himself, 
died,  a  glutton  and  a  drunkard,  324  B.  C. 

7.  Arnold's  pecuniary  difficulties  led  him  to  peculate  the  public 
funds,  and  to  defraud  the  Government  of  enormous  sums. 

8.  In  relation  to  taxes,  the  Articles  of  Confederation  were  very  de- 
fective. 

9.  When  the  Roman  Pontiff  refused  to  sanction  the  divorce,  Henry 
called  a  Parliament,  which  declared  the  King's  supremacy. 

10.  It  is  curious  to  walk  in  Pompeii  (pom-pa/-yee),  (destroyed  by  an 
eruption  of  Vesuvius),  and  see  the  fashions  of  a  people  who  lived 
1800  years  ago. 

11.  Some  of  the  tribes  inhabiting  the  equatorial  regions  of  Africa,  have 
fine  features. 

181.  Fal'l-O,  I  deceive.     Fal's-UWl,  to  deceive. 


1.  FAL'LIBLE,  a.  liable  to  err. 

2.  FAL'SIFY,      v.      represent 
falsely. 

3.  FAIL'UKE,  n.  want  of  suc- 


cess ;  omission. 


FALLA'CIOUS,      a.      deceitful 

(69-2). 
FAL'LACY,  n.  deceitfulness 

(56-5). 
FALSE,  a.  untrue  (167-5). 

1.  The  condemnation  of  so  many  to  the  penitentiary,  proves  that  some 
of  the  human  race  are  fallible. 

2.  Whether  Mr.  Erskine  really  did  falsify  the  instruction  of  his  Gov- 
ernment, in  1809,  we  know  not ;  but  the  refusal  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment to  repeal  the  injurious  decrees,  gave  umbrage  to  the  American  people. 

3.  The  numerous  attempts  to  discover  a  North- West  passage,  have  all 
resulted  in  failure. 

182.  Fa'm-a,  fame. 
1.  FA'MOUS,      a.     renowned; 

much  talked  of. 
1.  DEFAME',  v.  to  injure  one's 

reputation  maliciously. 


IN'FAMOUS,      a.       detestable 

(169-7). 
IN'FAMY,   n.  public   reproach 

(56-3). 


1.  After  the  surrender  of  Burgoyne,  which  rendered  Gates  so  famous, 
persistent  attempts  were  made  to  defame  Washington. 

183.  Fa'm-es,  hunger. 
1.  FAM'ISH,V.  to  die  of  hunger;   FAM'INE,  n.  scarcity   of  food 


to  starve. 


(177-4). 


1.  After  the  battle  of  Flatbush,  in  1776,  General  Woodhull  was  allowed 
to  famish  in  a  British  prison. 


116  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

184.  Famil'i-a,  a  family. 

FAMILIAR'ITY,  n.  intimate  ac-  FAMIL'IAR,  a.  acquainted  (97). 
quaintance  (290-1).  FAM'ILY,  n.  household  (125-7). 

185.  Farn-um,  a  temple. 


1.  PROFANE',  v.  to  desecrate. 
FANAT'IC,  a.  excessively  en- 
thusiastic (75-12). 


FANATICISM,  n.  wild  and  ex- 
travagant notions  of  religion 
(49-3). 


1.  A  man's  hand,  tracing  unknown  characters  on  the  wall,  might  well 
terrify  Belshazzar,  when  he  had  dared  to  profane  the  vessels  of  the 
sanctuary,  by  using  them  in  a  convivial  assembly. 

186.  Fa'ri,  to  speak.     Fa't-um,  fate,  destiny. 


1.  FA'TAL,  a.  mortal. 

2.  PREF'ACE,  n.  introduction. 
AF'FABLE,     a.     courteous 

(50-1). 

INFANT'ICIDE,  n.  (csedo,)  the 
killing  of  an  infant  (57-4). 


AFFABILITY,  n.  kindness  of 
manner  in  conversation 
(56-1). 

IN'FANCY,  n.  childhood  (148-3). 

FATE,  n.  predetermined  event 
(42-3). 


1.  At  the  taking  of  Quebec,  by  the  English,  in  1759,  Wolfe  and  Mont- 
calm  received  fatal  wounds. 

2.  Bunyan,  in  the  work,  which  alone  was  sufficient  to  immortalize  his 
name,  says  in  his  preface,  that  in  answer  to  the  query,  "Shall  I  print 
my  book  ?  "— 

"  Some  said, '  John,  print  it.'    Others  said,  '  Not  so,' 
Some  said,  '  It  might  do  good.'    Others  said  'No.' 

187.  Fari'n-a,  meal. 
1.  FARI'NA,  n.  the  flour  of  any   1.  FARINA'CEOUS,  a.  consisting 


grain,  starch,  etc. 


of  meal. 


1.  Large  quantities  of  farinaceous  food,  such  as  oatmeal,  corn- 
starch,  farina,  etc.,  were  required  for  the  army. 

188.  Fav'e-o,  I  favor. 
FA'VOEABLE,  a.  propitious  (177-5). 

189.  Feb'r-is,  a  fever  (from  Fer'veo,  I  am  hot). 

1.  FE'VERISH,   a.  affected   by   1.  FEB'EILE,  a.  pertaining  to 


fever. 


fever. 


1.  In  1799,  Washington,  while  superintending  his  plantation,  took  a 
cold,  which  produced  a  feverish  condition  of  the  whole  system.  Every 
effort  was  made  to  subdue  the  febrile  symptoms,  but  without  avail. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


117 


190.  F<B'd-US  (fced'er-is),  a  league,  or  covenant. 


1.  CONFEDERACY,  n.  a  number 


2.  CONFEDERATE,  n.  one  joined 


of  States  united  by  a  league.       with  others  in  a  league. 

1.  Under  the  Confederacy,  the  Congress  had  no  power  to  lay  and 
collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts. 

2.  Blannerhasset  was  unwilling  to  confess  that  he  was  a  confederate 
of  Aaron  Burr. 

191.  Fe'l-ix  (feli!c-is),  happy. 


1.  FELIC'ITOUS,  a.  happy. 

2.  FELIC'ITATE,  v.  to  congratu- 
late. 


FELIC'ITY,  n.  happiness,  pros- 
perity; enjoyment  of  good 
(98-1). 


1.  The  felicitous  condition  of  the  Wyoming  Colony,  so  remote  from 
the  commotion  of  the  war,  made  them  disregard  the  danger  of  their  de- 
fenseless position,  until  too  late  to  remedy  it. 

2.  The  citizens  of  Geneva  thought  they  had  reason  to  felicitate 
themselves,  that  they  were  able  to  extinguish  their  debt  by  means  of  an 
enormous  legacy. 

192.  Fem'in-a,  a  woman. 


1.  EFFEMINATE,  a.  unmanly. 

2.  EFFEMINACY,  n.  unmanly 
delicacy. 


FEM'ININE,  a.  pertaining  to  the 
female  sex ;  characteristic 
of  woman  (57-5). 


1.  Nothing  but  confusion  and  turbulence  could  result  from  the  reign 
of  a  sovereign,  so  effeminate  and  dilatory,  as  Charles  II. 

2.  Men  of  sagacity  assert,  that,  when  a  people  become  very  prosperousf 
they  are  in  great  danger  of  effeminacy. 

193.  Ferid-o,  I  keep  off,  I  strike.    Feris-um,  to  keep 
off,  to  strike. 


1.  DEFENDANT,  n.   one  who 
makes  a  defence  in  a  prose- 
cution. 

2.  FEN'DER,  n.  a  metallic  frame 
to  hinder  coals  of  fire  from 
rolling  on  the  floor. 


DEFENSE', 
(114-1). 


n.     protection 


DEFENSIVE,  a.  resisting  at- 
tack (121-1). 

OFFENSIVE,  a.  aggressive  (35- 
5). 

DEFENSELESS,  a.  without  pro- 
tection (191-1). 

DEFEND'  (see  page"  30). 


OFFEND'  (see  page  30). 

1.  The  suit  for  the  possession  of  New  Jersey,  was  decided  in  favor  of 
the  defendant. 

2.  A  Spanish  monarch  being  seated  too  near  the  fender  for  comfort, 
and  the  exquisite  formality  of  court  etiquette  not  allowing  him  to  move* 
himself,  he  was  nearly  roasted  before  an  attendant  came  to  his  relief. 


118 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


194.  Fe'r-a,  a  wild  beast.    Fe'rox  (fero'cis),  fero- 
cious. 

FERO'CIOUS,  a.  savage  (22-5).  |  FIERCE'NESS,  n.  fury  (69-1). 


195.  Fe'r-o,  I  bear, 


I  carry, 
carry. 


La't-um,  to  bear,  to 


1.  CONFER',  v.  to  consult  one 
with,  another. 

2.  DEF'ERENCE,  n.  a  yielding 
of  judgment  out  of  respect 
to  another. 

3.  ELATE',  v.  to  render  proud 
by  success. 

4.  OBLA'TION,  n.  a  sacrifice. 

5.  PREFERENCE,  n.   predilec- 
tion. 

6.  TRANS'LATE,  v.  to  interpret 
into  another  language. 

7.  PESTIF'EROUS,    a.    (pestis, 


plague,) 
plague. 


producing      the 


CONFERENCE,  n.  a  meeting  for 
consultation  (143-2). 

DIF'FERENT,  a.  distinct  (8-2). 

DIL'ATORY,  a.  procrastinating 
(192-1). 

FER'TILE,  a.  producing  plenti- 
fully (43-3). 

PREFERABLE,  a.  more  desir- 
able (8-1). 

EEF'ERENCE,  n.  the  act  of  re- 
ferring (12-1). 

SUF'FERING,  n.  distress  (47-1). 

TRANSFER'  (see  page  30). 

DEFER'  (see  page  30). 

OF'FER  (see  page  30). 


1.  In  1811,  the  Indians  asked  Harrison  that  an  opportunity  to  confer 
might  be  afforded,  before  deciding  on  his  proposition.  Harrison  suspected 
that  this  was  only  a  pretext,  and  the  sequel  showed  his  surmise  to  he  cor- 
rect. 

2.  Both  the  Mosaic  and  Roman  law,  enjoin  deference  to  the  aged. 

3.  The  victory  of  Gates,  in  1777,  seemed  to  elate  him  beyond  measure. 

4.  It  was  sacrilege  to  proffer,  as  an  oblation,  an  animal  that  was 
infirm  or  injured  in  any  way. 

5.  The  preference  which  Queen  Elizabeth  felt  for  Raleigh,  induced 
her  to  transfer  the  patent  to  him. 

6.  It  is  necessary  to  apply  ourselves  closely  to  the  acquisition  of  a 
language,  in  order  to  translate  with  facility. 

7.  During  the  Great  Plague,  in  1665,  Sir  Isaac  Newton  went  to  the 
country,  to  escape  the  pestiferous  air  of  London. 

196.  Fe'rul-a,  a  plant  (giant-fennel). 
1.  FEB'ULE,  v.  to  punish  by  striking  with  a  ferule. 

1.  Anciently,  the  stalks  of  fennel,  or  the  "  ferula,"  were  used  to  punish 
children ;  hence  the  expression  "  to  ferule  a  child." 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


119 


197.  Fer've-o,  I  boil,  I  am  hot. 
leaven,  or  yeast. 


Fermerit-um, 


change  by  which  substances 
are  decomposed,  and  their 
elements  form  new  com- 
pounds. 


1.  FER'VOR,  n.  zeal. 

2.  EFFERVESCENCE,  n.  ebulli- 
tion. 

3.  FERMENTA'TION,    n.     that 

1.  Large  numbers  used  to  congregate  around  Peter  the  Hermit,  A.  D. 
1096,  attracted  by  the  fervor,  with  which  he  would  portray  the  advan- 
tages of  rescuing  the  Holy  Sepulchre  from  infidels. 

2.  Soda-water,  in  a  state  of  effervescence,  is  agreeable  to  the  taste ; 
but  when  that  has  passed  off,  it  becomes  very  insipid. 

3.  To  commemorate  the  Passover,  the  Israelites  were  commanded  to 
eat  bread  which  had  not  gone  through  the  process  of  fermentation. 

198.  Fes's-um,  to  own,  to  declare. 

1.  PROFESSED',  v.  claimed.        |  CONFESS',  v.  to  own  (190-2). 

1.  Tyler,  elected  by  a  party,  which  professed  to  be  in  favor  of  a 
United  States  Bank,  vetoed  two  bills  rechartering  the  Bank. 

199.  Fes't-um,  a  feast. 

1.  FESTIV'ITY,  n.  a  festive  cele- 
bration. 

2.  FEAST,  n.  a  festival. 

3.  FES'TIVE,  a.  joyful. 


eating 


4.  FEAST'ING,     part 
sumptuously. 

FESTIVAL,  n.  an  occasion 
of  rejoicing  (68-4). 

1.  Rahl  was  engaged  in  the  festivity  incident  to  Christmas,  when 
surprised  by  Washington,  at  the  battle  of  Trenton. 

2.  It  is  not  difficult  to  imagine,  the  feelings  of  Damocles  (dam/-o-cles) 
when,  amid  the  gayety  and  music  of  the  feast,  he  saw  a  sword  suspended 
over  his  head  by  a  hair. 

3.  From  time  immemorial,  the  birthday  has  been  a  festive  occasion. 

4.  Job's  sons  were  feasting,  when  a  whirlwind  destroyed  the  house. 

200.  Fi!d-o,  I  trust.    Fide'l-is,  faithful. 


1.  DIF'FIDENCE,  n.  distrust  of 
one's  self. 

2.  AFFi'ANCED,par£betrothed. 


CONFIDENCE,  n.  trust  (63). 
CONFIDENTIAL, a.private  (146- 

3). 

PER'FIDY,  n.  treachery  (86-2). 
CONFIDE'  (see  page  31). 


FIDELITY,    n.    faithfulness 
(63). 

1.  Washington's  diffidence,  in  accepting  the  important  commission, 
only  served  to  elevate  him  in  the  estimation  of  the  Congress. 

2.  Prince  Charles  was  affianced  to  the  Infanta  of  Spain,  before  he 
married  Henrietta  of  France. 


120 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


201.  Fi'g-O,  I  fix,  I  fasten.     Fiod-um,  to  fix,  to  fasten. 


1.  CRUCIFIX'ION,     n.     (crux,) 
death  upon  a  cross. 
TRANSFIX',    v.    to     pierce 
through  (40). 


FIXED,   a.  stationary ;   estab- 
lished (551). 
PRE'FIX  (see  page  31). 


SUF'FIX  (see  page  31). 
1.  Crucifixion  was  used  only  for  a  malefactor  of  the  lowest  grade. 

202.  Figu'r-a,  an  image. 


1.  TRANSFIGURA'TION,  n.  the 
supernatural  change  in  the 
appearance  of  our  Saviour 


on  the  Mount ;  a  change  of 
form. 
FIG'URE,  n.  shape  (643-2). 


1.  A  little  child,  when  asked  how  she  knew  that  people  lived  after 
death,  said,  "  because  Moses  and  Elias  were  at  the  transfiguration*" 

203.  Fil'i-us,  a  son.    Fil'i-a,  a  daughter. 

1.  AFFILIA'TION,  n.  adoption;    FIL'IAL,  a.  pertaining  to  a  son 
association  in  the  family.  or  daughter  (42-3). 

1.  The  affiliation  of  a  slave  into  the  family  of  the  Sultan  is  not  an 

uncommon  event. 

204.  Firig-O,  I  form,  I  fashion.     Fic't-um,  to  form, 

to  fashion. 

1.  FIC'TION,  n.  a  feigned  story.    3.  FEIGNED,  a.  pretended. 

2.  FICTI'TIOUS,  a.  imaginary.     4.  EF'FIGY,  n.  an  image. 

1.  Defoe's  "Robinson  Crosoe"  is  a  fiction;  yet  everything  in  it 
seems  like  a  reality. 

2.  To  witness  distress,  which  we  do  not  attempt  to  alleviate,  renders 
the  heart  less  sensitive.     Novels  depict  only  fictitious  suffering,  there- 
fore the  effect  of  such  reading  is  to  harden  the  heart. 

3.  A  feigned  attack  on  the  lower  town  in  1759,  enabled  Wolfe  to 
divert  the  attention  of  Montcalm. 

4.  "  I  do  not  extenuate,"  said  that  sage  observer,  Benjamin  Franklin, 
"such  acts  as  burning  the  King  in  effigy,  and  treating  his  representa- 
tive with  contumely ;  but  the  Americans  have  had  great  provocation;  and 
if  they  resort  to  arms,  you  will  find  them  invincible." 

205.  Fi'n-is,  the  end  or  limit. 


1.  AFFIN'ITY,     n.     attraction 
which    exists   between   the 
particles  of  bodies. 

2.  DEFINITIVE,  a.  conclusive. 


3.  DEFINITE,  a.  precise. 

4.  INDEFINITE,   a.    not    pre- 
cise. 

5.  FI'NITE,  a.  limited. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


121 


CONFINEMENT,    n.     restraint 

(20-3). 
FI'NALLY,     adv. 

(22-2). 


ultimately 


IN'FINITE,  a.  limitless  (158-2). 
FINE,  n.   payment  of  money 


imposed  as  punishment  for 
an  offence  (125-1). 

1.  The  affinity  which  the  particles  of  one  body  have  for  those  of 
another,  enables  chemists  to  perform  many  interesting  experiments. 

2.  The  definitive  treaty  between  England  and  the  United  States  was 
made  in  1783. 

3.  Jay's  treaty,  in  1795,  was  definite  on  the  subject  of  debts  con- 
tracted prior  to  the  war. 

4.  The  intelligence  from  the  army  was  very  indefinite,  but  on  the 
approach  of  the  British,  in  1777,  Congress  determined  to  remove  to  Lan- 
caster. 

5.  Many  things  transcend  man's  finite  powers.     How  incomprehen- 
sible is  the  omnipresent  and  omniscient  God ! 

206.  FWm-US,  strong. 


1.  FiR'MAMENT,n.  the  heavens. 

2.  CONFIRMATION,  n.  proof. 

3.  AFFIRMA'TION,  n.    solemn 
asseveration. 

3.  AFFIRM',  v.  assert. 


4.  INFIRM' ARY,  n.  a  hospital. 
INFIRM',  a.  weak  (195-4). 
FIRM,  a.  stable ;  not  easily 
moved  (43-2). 
CONFIRM'  (see  page  31). 


1.  Light  was  created  on  the  first  day,  yet  it  was  not  till  the  fourth 
day  that  the  great  luminary  was  placed  in  the  firmament* 

2.  The  garrison  at  Fort  Mimms  heard  of  the  intended  attack ;  but,  as 
the  report  needed  confirmation,  the  commander  resisted  all  impor- 
tunity to  send  for  more  troops. 

3.  Before  he  (the  President)  shall  enter  on  the  duties  of  his  office,  he 
shall  take  the  following  affirmation  :  —  "  I  do  solemnly  affirm,  that 
I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States." 

4.  In  Girard  College,  there  is  an  apartment  used  as  an  infirmary. 

207.  Fis'c-US,  a  money-bag;  the  public  treasury. 


1.  CONFISCATED,  v.  appropri- 
ated, as  a  penalty,  to  public 
use. 

2.  FIS'CAL,  a.  pertaining  to  the 


CONFISCATION,  n.  transfer  of 


forfeited    goods    to    public 
use  (106). 

CONFIS'CABLE,  a.  liable  to  for- 
revenue.  feiture  (698). 

1.  During  the  Kevolutionary  War,  the  States  confiscated  the  prop- 
erty of  those  who  continued  to  adhere  to  the  royal  cause. 

2.  The  fiscal  arrangements  of  the  Government  caused  great  anxiety 
to  the  first  Congress. 

11 


122 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


208.  Fla!gr-o,  I  burn.    Flagra't-um,  to  burn. 

1.  FLA'GKANT,  a.  enormous.  CONFLAGRATION,  n.  an  exten- 
FLA'GRANCY,  n.  enormity  sive  fire,  or  extending  to 
(158-3).  many  objects  (76-2). 

1.  During  the  Revolution  in  France,  the  most  flagrant  crimes  were 

committed,  by  those  who  had  been  accustomed  to  inveigh  against  the 

nobles  for  similar  atrocities. 

209.  Flam'm-a,  a  flame. 

INFLAME',  v.  to  irritate ;  to  ex-  INFLAM'MABLE,  a.  easily  set 
cite  (167-2).  on  fire  (175-2). 

210.  Flec't-o,  I  bend.    Flex'-um,  to  bend. 

1.  FLEXIBLE,  a.  pliable ;  easily  KEFLECT',  v.  to  bend  back  (143- 


bent. 


4). 


1.  By  using  India-rubber,  we  can  have  &  flexible  tube,  convenient 
for  many  purposes. 


211.  Fli'g-o,  I  beat,  I  dash, 
dash. 


Flicft-um,  to  beat,  to 


3.  AFFLICT',  v.  to  distress. 
INFLICT',  v.  to  impose  (70- 


1.  CON'FLICT,  n.  contest. 

2.  PBOF'LIGATE,  a.  dissolute. 
2.  AFFLICTION,  n.  suffering. 

1.  After  a  long  conflict 9  in  South  Carolina,  all  laws  which  were  un- 
just to  the  Huguenots,  were  abrogated  in  1697. 

2.  The  administration  of  the  profligat e  Lord  Cornbury,  1702-1707, 
caused  much  affliction  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 

3.  In  the  leprosy,  which  continues  to  afflict  the  inhabitants  of  Eastern 
countries,  the  flesh  assumes  a  tumid  appearance,  the  limbs  are  tremulous, 
and  the  sufferer  soon  becomes  a  vagabond. 

212.  Flo9 1  blow.    Fla't-um,  to  blow. 
1.  INFLATE',  v.  to  fill  with  air. 

1,  To  inflate  the  lungs,  we  must  stand  erect,  expand  the  chest  to  its 
full  size,  and  then  make  a  long  inspiration. 

213.  Flos  (flo'r-is),  a  flower. 


1.  EFFLOKES'CENCE,  n.  an  ap- 
pearance  resembling   flow- 


ers. 


2.  FLO'RIST,  n.  a  cultivator  of 
flowers. 


3.  FLOR/ID,  a.  having  a  lively 
red  color. 

4.  FLOEJF'EROUS,     a.     (fero,) 
bearing  flowers. 

5.  FLOW'ERS,  n.  shrubs. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  123 

1.  A  beautiful  efflorescence,  which  appears  on  the  snow  in  Green- 
land, has  given  it  the  name  of  "  Red  Snow." 

2.  A  florist  thinks  himself  very  fortunate,  if  he  can  add  one  new 
specimen  to  the  floral  beauties  of  his  green-house,  especially  if  it  has  a 
choice  perfume,  and  beautiful  foliage. 

3.  Magnus,  a  noted  depredator  from  Norway,  made  an  attempt  to 
ravage  England,  in  the  reign  of  William  Rufus,  so  called  from  his  florid 
complexion. 

4.  Many  plants,  which  are  /riutf-bearing  in  their  native  country,  are 
floriferous  when  exotics ;  of  this  the  pomegranate  is  an  example. 

5.  Trees  and  flowers  flourish  in  England,  on  account  of  the  humidity 
of  the  air. 

214.  Flu' -Of  I  flow.    Fluod-um,  to  flow. 


1.  FLU'ENCY,  n.  readiness  of 
speech. 

2.  FLUCTUATE,  v.  to  wave. 

3.  CONFLUENCE,  n.  junction. 

3.  FLUCTUATION,  n.   undula- 
tion. 

4.  AF'FLUENCE,  n.  wealth. 

5.  INFLUENTIAL,    a.    power- 
ful. 


6.  IN'FLUX,  n.  a  coming  in. 

6.  SUPERFLUITY,  n.  a  super- 
abundance. 

7.  SUPERFLUOUS,  a.  more  than 
is  wanted. 

8.  EFFLU'VIA,  n.   exhalations 
perceived  by  the  smell. 

INFLUENCE,  n.  power ;  abil- 
ity to  effect  (65-15). 


1.  Whitfield  possessed  great  fluency  of  speech,  and  his  passionate 
appeals  to  his  hearers,  to  attend  to  religion,  were  frequently  followed  by 
the  conversion  of  hundreds. 

2.  A  very  light  wind  will  cause  the  surface  of  the  ocean  to  fluctuate 
sufficiently  to  produce  sea-sickness. 

3.  At  the  confluence  of  two  rapid  streams,  the  fluctuation  of  the 
water  is  very  great. 

4.  Robert  Morris,  in  the  midst  of  affluence9  was  willing  to  entertain 
the  officers,  and  to  provide  sustenance  for  the  privates. 

5.  Formerly,  Spain  was  one  of  the  most  influential  nations   of 
Europe ;  but  the   suicidal  policy  adopted  by  her   rulers,  has  greatly 
diminished  her  power. 

6.  On  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  it  was  thought  that  the  in- 
flux of  that  commodity  would  be  so  great  that  there  would  be  a  super- 
fluity. 

7.  We  find  a  foreign  market  for  our  superfluous  cereals  and  multi- 
farious manufactures. 

8.  Travellers  seldom  visit  the  catacombs  of  Paris  and  Rome  in  summer, 
on  account  of  the  effluvia. 


124 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


215.  Fo'li-um,  a  leaf. 

FO'LIAGE,  n.  a  collection   of 
leaves  (213-2). 


FO'LIO,   n.  a  book  in   which 
paper  is  folded  once  (157-2). 


216.  For'm-a,  form,  shape, 

1.  CONFORM',    v.    to    comply 
with. 

2.  DEFORM'ITY,  n.  state  of  be- 
ing deformed. 

3.  INFORM'ER,  n.  informant. 

4.  INFORMATION,    n.    intelli- 
gence. 

5.  TRANSFORMATION,     n.     a 
change  of  condition. 

6.  TRANSFORM',  v.  to  change. 


beauty. 

REFORM A'TION,   n.  correc- 
tion. 

INFORMALITY,   n.    absence 
of  some  legal  form. 
CONFORM'ITY,  n.  agreement 
(49-2). 

FORM,  n.  shape  (68-2). 
DEFORM',  v.  (see  page  31). 
REFORM,'  v.  (see  page  32). 
PERFORM',  v.  (see  page  32). 


1.  The  Puritans,  unwilling  to  conform  to  the  law  prescribing  min- 
isterial habiliments,  and  many  other  things  of  which  they  could  not 
approve,  determined  to  emigrate  to  Holland. 

2.  Lord  Byron  was  morbidly  sensitive  on  the  subject  of  his  deform- 
ity. 

3.  The  informer,  who  apprised  General  Grey  of  the  locality  of 
Wayne's  troops,  must  have  felt  great  remorse,  when  he  heard  of  the  cruel 
massacre. 

4.  A  large  reward  was  offered  for  information,  which  would  lead 
to  the  recovery  of  the  lost  regalia  of  Scotland. 

5.  Such  is  the  transformation,  which  railroads  have  effected, 
that  each  section  of  our  country  seems  in  close  contiguity  with  every 
other. 

6.  Heathen  mythology  describes  beings  with  power  to  transform  a 
man  into  a  monster. 

7.  To  diminish  the  amount  of  crime  among  the  junior  members  of  so- 
ciety, houses  of  reformation  have  been  established. 

8.  Some  informality  in  the  grant  of  New  Hampshire  to  Mason, 
caused  continual  disputes. 

217.  Fors  (for't-is),  chance.    Fortu'na,  fortune. 


FORTU'ITOUS,     a. 

(124-2). 
MISFOR'TUNE,     n. 

(21-7). 


accidental 


calamity 


UNFOR'TUNATE,  a.  unfavor- 
able (56-4). 

FOR'TUNATE,  a.  much  favored  • 
successful  (213-2). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  125 


218.  For't-is,  brave,  strong. 


1.  FOR'TIFY,  v.  to  strengthen 
by  forts,  batteries,  etc. 

2.  FOR'TRESS,  n.  a  fort. 
EF'FORT,  n.  exertion  (21-4). 
FOR'TITUDE,     n.     courage 

(42-3). 


FORTIFICA'TION,^.  (facio,)  mil- 
itary architecture  for  de- 
fence (76-3). 

FORCE,  n.  power  (66-3). 

COM'FORT,  n.  state  of  enjoy- 
ment (193-2). 


1.  In  1775,  General  Gage  fearing  a  rupture  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  Colonies,  determined  to  foTtify  Boston. 

2.  The  fortress  of  Ticonderoga  surrendered  in  1759  to  Amherst,  in 
1775  to  Ethan  Allen,  and  in  1777  to  Burgoyne. 

219.  Fos's-nm,  to  dig. 

1.  FOS'SILS,  n.  substances  changed  into  stone. 

1.  Some  fossils  give  irrefragable  evidence  that  there  has  been  a  uni- 
versal deluge. 

220.  Frafgr-o,  I  smell  sweetly. 
1.  FRA' GRANT,  a.  smelling  sweetly. 

1.  At  many  of  the  railway  stations  in  England,  the  air  is  redolent  of 
flowers ;  primroses,  mignonette,  and  other  fragrant  flowers,  diffuse  their 
sweet  odor  for  a  long  distance. 

221.  Frarig-o,  I  break.    Frac't-um,  to  break. 


1.  FRACT'URE,  n.  a  breaking. 

2.  FRAG'MENT,    n.    a    broken 
part. 

3.  FRAGILITY,  n.  brittleness. 

4.  REFRAC'TORY,  a.  contuma- 
cious. 

5.  REFRAC'TION,  n.  change  in 


the   direction  of  a  ray  of 
light. 
INFRINGEMENT,   n.   violation 

(30-2). 
IRREF'RAGABLE,  a.  not  to  be 

refuted  (219). 
FRAG'ILE,  a.  brittle  (239-2). 


1.  In  the  battle  of  Vera  Cruz,  in  1836,  a  ball  struck  Santa  Anna,  and 
caused  a  fracture  of  his  leg. 

2.  On  the  bursting  of  the  Peace-maker,  in  1844,  a  fragment  of  the 
gun  struck  Mr.  Upshur,  Secretary  of  State,  killing  him  instantly. 

3.  An  experiment  has  lately  been  made,  by  which  it  is  hoped  to  manu- 
facture glass  without  its  fragility. 

4.  In  1664,  Charles  II.  sent  Commissioners  to  the  refractory  Colo- 
nies to  compel  them  to  obey. 

5.  A  stick  put  into  water,  generally  appears  bent ;  this  is  owing  to 
refraction. 


126  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

222.  Fra'ter,  a  brother. 


1.  FRATER'NAL,  a.  brotherly. 

2.  FRATER'NITY,   n.    brother- 
hood. 


3.  FRAT'RICIDE,  n.  (csedo,)  the 
murder  of  a  brother ;  one 
who  murders  a  brother. 


1.  Perm's  determination,  to  treat  the  Indians  in  an  honorable  manner, 
and  to  compensate  them  for  everything  needed  by  the  settlers,  served  to 
pacify  the  Indians,  and  produce  the  most  fraternal  feelings. 

2.  The  noble  fraternity,  founded  by  St.  Bernard  amid  the  solitude 
of  the  Alps,  has  for  nine  hundred  years  rendered  most  valuable  services 
to  thousands  of  travellers. 

3.  Had  Cain  subdued  every  feeling  of  jealousy  and  hatred,  he  would 
not  have  committed  the  crime  of  fratricide. 

!.  Fraus  (frau'd-is),  deceit. 


DEFRAUD',  v.  to  cheat  (180-7). 


FRAUD'ULENT,  a.  treacherous 


FRAUD,  n.  cheating  (42-1).  (122-2). 

221.  Fre'quens  (frequerit-is),  frequent. 


FRE'QUENT,  a.  occurring  often 


FREQUENTLY,  adv.  often  ;  not 


(8-1).  rarely  (54-2). 

225.  Fri'g-us  (frig'or-is),  cold. 


1.  FRIGID'ITY,    n.     coldness; 
want  of  warmth. 


2.  FRIG'ID,  a.  cold;   wanting 
warmth. 


1.  Arnold  and  Montgomery,  disregarding  the  frigidity  of  a  Cana- 
dian winter,  attacked  Quebec  on  the  last  night  of  1775. 

2.  The  frigid  atmosphere,  and  the  falling  snow,  increased  the  misery 
of  the  soldiers,  in  the  memorable  attack  on  Quebec,  in  1775. 

226.  FrOHS  (frorit-is),  the  forehead. 

1.  FRONTISPIECE,  n.  (specio,)  a  FRON'TIERS,™.  borders  (108-1). 

picture  facing  the  title-page.   CONFRONT'  (see  page  32). 

1.  The  frontispiece  is  on  the  left-hand  page,  the  vignette  on  the 
right. 

227.  Fru'-or,  I  enjoy.    Fru'it-us,  or  Fruc't-us, 

enjoying. 
1.  FRUI'TION,  n.  pleasure  de- 1  FRUIT,  n,  the  part  of  plants 

rived  from  possession.  I      containing  the  seed  (213-4). 

1.  By  patient  continuance  in  well-doing,  we  may  hope  for  the  frui- 
tion of  all  our  hopes,  in  another  world. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


127 


228.  Fw'g-io,  I  flee.    Fu'git-um,  to  flee. 


1.  SUBTERFUGE,  n.  evasion. 

2.  REF'UGE,  n.  shelter. 

3.  CENTRIFUGAL^,  (centrum,) 


FU'GITIVE,  n.   one  who  flees 

(21-7). 
REFUGEE',  n.  one  who  flees  foi 

protection  (49-2). 


tending  from  the  centre. 

1.  By  a  mean  subterfuge,  Col.  John  Butler  induced  Zebulon 
ler  to  come,  with  his  force,  into  the  woods  of  Wyoming. 

2.  Becket  took  refuge  in  the  sanctuary,  supposing   the   assassins 
would  not  dare  to  desecrate  the  sacred  place ;  but  even  here  he  fell  a 
victim  to  their  insatiable  desire  for  vengeance. 

3.  Two  forces,  the  centripetal  and  centrifugal,  keep  the  planets  in 
their  orbits. 


229.  Ful'ge-o,  I  shine. 
1.  FUL'GENCY,  n.  brightness. 
1.  REFUL'GENCE,  n.  fulgency. 


EFFUL'GENCE,  n.  extreme  brill- 
iancy (64-4). 

1.  The  opinion,  that  light  is  produced  only  by  the  fulgency  of  the 
sun,  is  not  tenable,  as  light  was  created  before  the  sun. 


230.  Fu'm-us,  smoke.    Fu'mig-o,  I  fumigate. 


1.  FUMIGA'TION,  n.  the  appli- 
cation of  vapor  as  a  disin- 
fectant. 


2.  PERFUM'ERY,   n.    perfumes 
in  general. 
PER'FUME,  n.  odor  (213-2). 


1.  Many  substances  are  good  for  fumigation;  such  as  coffee,  to- 
bacco, sugar,  tar,  etc. 

2.  In  the  manufacture  of  perfumery,  it  is  necessary  to  express  the 
essence  of  flowers. 


231.  Furid-O,  I  pour,  I  melt, 
melt. 


Fu's-um,  to  pour,  to 


1 


FU'SION,  n.  state  of  being 
dissolved  by  heat. 

1.  FU'SIBLE,  a.  capable  of  being 
melted. 

2.  EFFU'SION,  n.  pouring  out. 

3.  CONFOUND'ED,    part,     dis- 
mayed. 

4.  FUSIBIL'ITY,  n.  the  quality 


of  being  convertible  into  a 
fluid  by  heat. 

CONFU'SION,  n.  tumult  (192-1). 

PKOFu'siON,n.  abundance  (89). 

INFU'SION,  n.  the  act  of  steep- 
ing in  water  (108-2). 

DIFFUSE',  v.  pour  out  (220). 

INFUSE/  v.  (see  page  32). 


1.  Substances,  in  a  state  of  fusion,  are  called  liquids.     All  metals 
are  fusible ;  but  intense  heat  is  requisite  to  fuse  iron. 


128  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

2.  The  humane  measures,  which  Penn  adopted,  to  secure  the  pacifica- 
tion of  the  Indians,  prevented  the  effusion  of  blood. 

3.  Braddock  was  confounded  by  the  suddenness  of  the  attack,  in 
1755. 

4.  Fusibility  and  insolubility  are  predicable  of  the  51  metals  now 
known. 

232.  Fllrid-US,  a  foundation. 


1.  PRO  FOUND',  a.  intellectually 
deep. 

2.  FOUND,  v.  to  establish. 
FOUNDATION,  n.  basis  of  an 
edifice  (74-1). 


FUNDAMENTAL,  a.  lying  at  the 

foundation  (121-2). 
PROFUN'DITY,  n.  depth  (52-1). 
FOUND'ERED,   v.  sunk  at  sea 

(19-1). 


1.  Jefferson,  who  wrote  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  was  a  pro- 
found reasoner  on  the  most  abstruse  subjects. 

2.  Lord  Clarendon  had  the  most  extravagant  and  ludicrous  idea  of  the 
empire  he  expected  to  found  in  Carolina. 

233.  Fu'n-us  (fu'ner-is),  a  burial,  a  funeral. 

1.  FU'NERAL,  n.  the  ceremony  of  burying  a  dead  human  body. 
1.  Usually,  the  sovereign  does  not  attend  in  person  the  funeral  of  a 

subject,  but  sends  some  one  to  represent  him. 

234.  Fu'ri-a,  a  fury,  or  fiend. 

1.  FU'RIOUS,  a.  transported  with  passion. 

1.  Henry  VIII.  w&s  furious,  when  he  saw  Ann  of  Cleves,  his  fourth 
wife ;  Cromwell,  the  King's  Vice-gerent,  had  great  difficulty  to  induce 
him  to  solemnize  the  marriage  with  the  customary  pomp  and  splendor. 

235.  Fu 'til-is,  leaky,  trifling. 
FU'TILE,  a.  unavailing  (35-7). 

236.  Fu't-O,  I  disprove.     Futa't-um,  to  disprove. 
CONFUTA'TION,  n.  refutation  (260-2). 

237.  Futu'r-us.     See  Sum,  I  am. 

238.  Fy,  to  make.     See  the  suffix,  Fy. 

239.  Ge'l-o,  I  freeze.     Gela't-um,  to  freeze. 

1.  CONGEAL',  v.  to  freeze.         |  2.  GELAT'INOUS,  a.  like  jelly. 

1.  To  congeal  water,  the  temperature  must  be  as  low  as  32  degrees 
Fahrenheit's  thermometer. 

2.  To  mend  china,  and  other  fragile  articles,  various  gelatinous 
substances,  such  as  the  white  of  an  egg,  isinglass,  etc.,  are  used. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


129 


240.  Ge'r-O,  I  bear,  I  carry.  Ges't-um,  to  bear,  to  carry. 


L  GEST'URE,^.  a  movement  ex- 


DIGES'TION,  n.  conversion  of 


food  into  chyme  ;  the  act  of 
digesting  (1-5). 


pressive  of  emotion. 
2.  JESTS,  n.  jokes. 

1.  Lee's  division  was  making  a  retrograde  movement,  at  the  battle  of 
Monmouth,  when  Washington,  with  an  impatient  gesture^  gave  an  im- 
perative order  for  them  to  advance. 

2.  The  King's  Fool  made  jests  to  amuse  the  King  and  his  courtiers 

241.  Ge'n-us  (gerier-is),  race,  family.    Gen'it- 

19  to  beget.     Gens  (gen't-is),  a  family,  a  nation. 
7.  GENER'IC,  a.  pertaining  to 


1.  GE'NIAL,  a.  causing  produc- 


tion. 

2.  GEN'IUS,  n.  uncommon  in- 
tellectual power. 

3.  GEN'UINE,    a.    real,    natu- 
ral. 

4.  PROGEN'ITOR,  n.  forefather. 

5.  INGEN'IOUS,  a.  inventive. 

6.  PRIMOGENITURE,    n.    (pri- 
mus,) the  exclusive  right  of 
inheritance,  which   belongs 
to  the  eldest  child. 


the 


genus. 


CONGEN'IAL,  a.  agreeable  to 
the  nature  (124-3). 

GENERATED,  part,  produced 
(60-1). 

GEN'TLE,  a.  refined  in  man- 
ners (576-7). 

INGENU'ITY,  n.  acuteness 
(57-5). 

INGENUOUSNESS,  n.  candor 
(148-1). 


1.  Notwithstanding  the  genial  climate  of  Virginia,  Lane  could  not 
reconcile  the  settlers  to  the  thought  of  remaining. 

2.  The  genius  of  Locke  was  well  adapted  to  writing  on  such  an  ab- 
stract subject  as  the  "  Understanding." 

3.  Genuine  sorrow  was  exhibited,  by  the  people  of  Great  Britain, 
when  Washington  died. 

4.  As  the  deluge  was  general,  and  destroyed  all  but  one  family,  Noah 
is  the  great  progenitor  of  the  human  race. 

5.  The  patents  issued  every  week  exhibit  the  ingenious  character 
of  Americans,  and  contribute  greatly  to  the  wealth  of  the  nation. 

6.  By  the  law  of  primogeniture^  the  Prince  of  Wales  is  heir- 
apparent. 

7.  Bread  is  a  generic  term  for  all  kinds  of  nutriment. 

242.  Gla'di-us,  a  sword. 


1.  GLADIATO'RIAL,  a.  relating 
to  the  Roman  combats  be- 
tween gladiators. 


1.  GLAD'IATOR,  n.  one  who 
fought  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  the  Romans. 


130 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


1.  The  spectators  of  the  gladiatorial  shows  would  applaud  the 
success  of  either  the  gladiator  or  the  beast. 

243.  Glo'b-US,  a  globe.     Glob'ul-US,  a  little  globe. 
1.  GLOB'ULAR,  a.  spherical.      [GLOBE,  n.  a  sphere  (44-4). 

1.  To  make  shot  perfectly  globular,  it  is  dropped  from  the  top  of  a 
high  tower  into  cold  water. 

244.  Glo'ri-d,  glory,  honor. 


GLO'RIOUS,  a.  magnificent  (64- 
4). 

245.  Glu't-io,  I  swallow. 
GLUT'TON,  n.  a  gormandizer  (180-6). 

246.  Gra'di-or,  I  go  step  by  step. 

step  by  step. 


GLORIFICA'TION,  n.  (facio,)  the 
act  of  giving  glory  to  (477-5). 


Gres's-us,  going 


1.  GRADA'TION,W.  advance  step 
by  step. 

2.  GRAD'UATE,  v.  receive  a  de- 
gree. 

3.  DEGRADES',  v.  debases. 

4.  DEGRADATION,  n.   debase- 
ment. 

5.  AGGRES'SIONS,  n.  encroach- 
ments. 

6.  TRANSGRESSES,  v.  violates. 

7.  DIGRESSIONS,    n.   wander- 
ings from  the  main  subject. 


CONGRESS,  n.  the  legislative 

department  (121-2). 
DEGREE',  n.  rank  (18-4). 
GRAD'UAL,   a.   advancing    by 

steps  (116-2). 
PROG'RESS,     n.    advancement 

(77-1). 
KET'ROGRADE,     a.    backward 

(240-1). 
TRANSGRES'SION,  n.  violation 

(75-11). 
IN'GRESS,  n.  entrance  (65-1). 


1.  John  Singleton  Copley,  a  poor  boy  of  Boston,  is  a  striking  instance 
of  what  can  be  effected  by  assiduous  attention  to  business.     He  went  to 
reside  in  England,  was  taken  into  the  Government  service,  and  rose  by 
regular  gradation,  until  he  became  Lord  Chancellor  of  England. 

2.  Harvard  College  and  Yale  College,  where  so  many  of  our  erudite 
men  graduate,  were  founded  in  1637  and  1700. 

3.  To  use  bad  language  so  degrades  the  character,  that  "Washington 
forbade  the  practice  in  the  army. 

4.  Commodore  Decatur  found  the  American  prisoners  in  a  state  of 
great  degradation.     He  compelled  the  Dey  to  release  them,  and  to 
relinquish  the  tribute,  which  had  been  long  exacted. 

5.  The  aggressions  of  the  British,  on  the  rights  of  the  colonists, 
strengthened  their  determination  to  revolt. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  131 

6.  Disobedience  to  parents  not  only  transgresses  the  law  of  God, 
but  is  subversive  of  all  government. 

7.  In  giving  an  account  of  any  transaction,  avoid  useless  digres- 
sions. 

247.  Gra'men  (gram'in-is),  grass. 
1.  GRAMINIV'OROUS,  a.  (voro,)  eating  grass. 

1.  Many  of  the  graminivorous  and  herbivorous  animals,  such  as 
the  ox,  camel,  deer,  sheep,  and  goat,  are  ruminants. 

248.  Grarid-is,  great,  grand. 

1.  GRANDEE',  n.  a  man  of  high 
rank. 

2.  AG'GRANDIZE,  v.  to  increase. 

1.  Lord  Clarendon,  a  grandee  of  England,  received  from  Charles 
II.  a  large  tract  of  land,  which  he  called  Carolina. 

2.  In  1683,  Seth  Sothel,  a  proprietor  of  North  Carolina,  arrived  as 
Deputy- Governor.     His  only  object  seemed  to  be  to  aggrandize  his 
own  wealth  and  power,  that  he  might  return  to  England,  and  live  in 
grandeur. 

3.  James  I.,  of  England,  thought  himself  a  prodigy  of  authorship,  but 
the  grandiloquence  of  the  style  makes  his  books  ridiculous. 

249.  Gra'n-um,  a  grain  of  corn. 


2.  GRAND'EUR,n.magnificence, 

3.  GRANDILOQUENCE,  n.   (lo- 
quor,)  bombast. 


1.  GRANIV'OROUS,   a.    (voro,) 
eating  grain. 

2.  GRAN'ARY,  n.  a  storehouse 
for  grain. 


GRAIN,  n.  cereals  (75-6). 

GRAN'ITE,  n.  a  rock  consisting 
of  several  minerals  (quartz, 
feldspar,  and  mica)  (173-1). 


1.  Man,  being  both  carnivorous  and  granivorous9  has  teeth  called 
incisors  for  cutting,  and  molars  for  grinding. 

2.  A  liberal  man  will  endeavor  to  ameliorate- the  condition  of  the  poor, 
by  dispensing  corn  from  his  well-filled  granary. 

250.  Gra't-us,  grateful,  pleasing.     Gra't-ia,  favor. 


1.  CONGRATULATE,  v.  to  ad- 
dress     with     sympathetic 
pleasure. 

2.  GRAT'ITUDE,   n.    thankful- 


ness. 


3.  INGRAT'ITUDE,  n.  unthank- 
fulness. 


4.  GRATUITOUS,    a.    without 
remuneration. 

5.  GRA'CIOUS,    a.    benignant; 
bestowing  mercy. 

5.  GRA'TIS,  adv.  for  nothing. 

6.  IN'GRATE,  n.  an  ungrateful 
person. 


132 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


7.  INGRA'TIATE,  v.  to  commend 
to  the  favor  of  another. 
GRAT'IFIED,  part,  indulged 
(31-1). 


GRATE'FUL,  a.  thankful;  ac- 
ceptable (147-2). 

AGREE',  v.  consent;  yield  as- 
sent to  (264). 


1.  After  two  years  of  oppressive  rule  by  Seth  Sotbel,  the  Carolinas  were 
able  to  congratulate  each  other  on  the  wise  administration  of  John 
Archdale. 

2.  In  1824,  the  people  showed  their  gratitude  to  the  hero  of  Brandy- 
wine,  by  gifts  more  substantial  than  mere  honorary  titles. 

3.  Santa  Anna  charged  the  Mexicans  with  ingratitude,  and  bade 
them  remember  the  service  he  rendered  at  Vera  Cruz. 

4.  The  cession  of  Florida,  and  of  the  adjoining  islands  to  the  United 
States,  was  not  gratuitous  on  the  part  of  Spain. 

5.  Penn's  gracious  manner,  and  friendly  aid  always  given  gratis9 
did  much  to  humanize  the  Indians. 

6.  Retributive  punishment  is  certain  to  visit  the  ingrate9  who  treats 
his  parents  with  disrespect. 

7.  Harvey,  when  sent  to  England  for  impeachment,  contrived  to  in- 
gratiate  himself  with  the  king,  and  to  insinuate  so  many  doubts,  as  to 
the  loyalty  of  the  Virginians,  that  the  king  invested  him  with  plenary 
power  to  punish  the  complainants. 

251.  Gra!v-is,  heavy,  grievous.     Grav'it-as,  weight. 


1.  GRIEV'OUS,  a.  mournful. 
1.  AGGRAVATION,  n.  increase 

(of  evil). 

AG'GRAVATE,  v.  increase  an 

evil  (68-3). 
GRAVITA'TION,  n.  tendency 


of  matter  towards  other  mat- 
ter (65-7). 

GRAV'ITY,  n.  seriousness  (146- 
3). 

GRIEF,  n.  sorrow  (148-1). 

GRIEVE,  v.  to  distress  (146-3). 


1.  It  was  grievous  to  witness  the  aggravation  of  the  sufferings 
of  the  soldiers  at  Valley  Forge,  by  the  intense  cold. 

252.  Grex  (gre'g-is),  a  flock. 


1.  EGRE'GIOUS,  a.  remarkably 
bad. 

2.  SEG'REGATE,  v.  to  set  apart 
in  a  flock. 


CON'GREGATE,  v.  to  assemble 
(197-1). 

CONGREGA'TION,  n.  an  assem- 
bly (65-1). 


1.  Clinton  committed  the  egregious  blunder  of  stopping  to  burn 
the  towns  on  the  Hudson,  and  Burgoyne  was  compelled  to  surrender  a 
force,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  10,000  men. 

2.  The  prairie  dogs  segregate  themselves  in  communities  called 
"  prairie-dog  villages." 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


133 


253.  Guber'n-O,  I  rule,  I  govern, 
governor,  a  steerer. 


Guberna'tor,  a 


1.  GUBERNATORIAL,    a.    per- 


taining to  the  governor. 
1.  GOV'ERN,  v.  to  rule. 


GOV'ERNME:^,   n.   the   estab- 


lished   form    of    law    (16- 
2). 

1.  While  Andross  occupied  the  gubernatorial  chair  of  New  York, 
he  made  several  attempts  to  govern  Connecticut.  His  impotent  efforts 
brought  upon  him  ridicule  and  contempt. 

254.  Gus't-US,  a  taste,  a  relish. 

1.  DISGUST'ED,  v.  excited  the  DISGUST'ING,  a.  nauseous;  of- 
aversion  of.  fensive  to  the  taste  (161). 

1.  In  1692,  Wadsworth  disgusted  Governor  Fletcher,  by  refusing 

to  discuss  the  question  of  jurisdiction. 

255.  Hab'e-o,  I  have.    Hab'it-um,  to  have.   Hab'- 

able.     Deb'il-is,  weak,  feeble. 

HABITATION,  n. 
abode  (27-3). 

HABIL'IMENTS, 
(216-1). 

HABiT'uATiNG,^>ar£  accustom- 
ing (8-2). 


1.  HABIT'UAL,  a.  customary. 

2.  DEBILITATED,  a.  enfeebled. 

3.  HAB'IT,  n.  custom. 

4.  PROHIBIT,  v.  to  forbid. 

5.  INHAB'IT,  v.  dwell  in. 

5.  DEBII/ITY,  n.  feebleness. 
5.  INHABITANTS,  n.  residents. 
A'BLE,  a.  capable  (11-3). 


a   place   of 
.    garments 


UNA'BLE,  a.  not  capable  (22- 
3). 


1.  The  present  tense  often  expresses  what  is  habitual,  universal,  or 
permanent;  as,  "  The  sun  gives  light." 

2.  Hunger  and  exposure  had  greatly  debilitated  the  soldiers   at 
Valley  Forge. 

3.  It  is  easy  to  form  a  bad  habit  /  it  is  hard  to  cure  one. 

4.  An  Embargo  Law  is  a  law  to  prohibit  vessels  leaving  port. 

5.  Those  who  inhabit  tropical  climates,  generally  exhibit  more  de- 
bility in  old  age,  than  the  inhabitants  of  colder  regions. 

256.  Hce're-o,  I  stick.    Hce's-um9  to  stick.    Hces'- 

it-O9  I  hesitate. 

1.  INCOHERENT,  a.  inconsist- 
ent. 

2.  INHERENT,  a.  innate. 
ADHERE',  v.  to  own  allegi- 
ance (207-1). 

12 


HES'ITATE,   v.   scruple    (100- 

i). 

ADHER'ENCE,  n.  adhesion  (56- 

2). 
COHERE',  v.  (see  page  32). 


134 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


1.  The  incoJierent  ravings  of  the  prisoners,  confined  in  the  Sugar- 
House,  who  were  in  a  state  of  inanition,  from  want  of  food,  etc.,  excited 
no  compassion  among  the  Tories. 

2.  The  inherent  right  of  all  men  to  life,  liberty,  and  protection,  is 
fully  recognized  in  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

257.  Ha'l-O,  I  breathe.     Hala't-um,  to  breathe. 


1.  EXHALES',  v.  breathes  out. 
vapors 


INHALE',  v.  to  breathe  in ;  to 
inspire  (129). 


EXHALATIONS, 
(68-3). 
1.  A  robust  person  exhales  and  inhales  many  times  in  a  minute. 

258.  Haus't-um,  to  draw. 


EXHAUSTED,    a,    drawn    out 


until  nothing  is  left  (65-4).        (24-2). 

259.  Her'b-a,  an  herb  ;  grass. 
HERBIV'OROUS,  a.  (voro,)  eating  herbs  (247). 

260.  He'r-es  (here'd-is),  an  heir. 

an  inheritance. 


INEXHAUST'IBLE,  a.  unfailing 


Hered'it-as, 


2.  HEIR,  n.  one   who   inher- 
its. 

DISINHERIT,  v.  to  cut  off 
from  succession  (100-1). 


1.  HEKED'ITAKY,  a.  descended 
by  inheritance. 

1.  INHERITANCE,  n.  patri- 
mony. 

1.  The  friends  of  John  Locke  ridiculed  the  idea  of  an  hereditary 
order  of  nobility  among  a  people  sparsely  scattered  through  the  wilder- 
ness, whose  only  inheritance  would  be  a  log-cabin. 

2.  The  Pretender,  son  of  James  II.,  would  hear  nothing  in  confutation 
of  his  theory,  that  he  was  heir  to  the  throne  of  England. 

261.  Ho'm-o  (hom'in-is),  a  man. 


HU'MAN,  a.  belonging  to  man- 
kind (27-3). 

HUMANE',  a.  benevolent  (231- 
2). 


HUMAN'ITY,  n.  the  nature  of 

man  (47-1). 
INHU'MAN,  a.  barbarous  (103- 

2). 


262.  Ho' nor,  respect,  honor.    Hones't-us,  honorable. 


DISHON'ORABLE,  a.  degrading 

(169-5). 
HON'ORABLE,  a.  not  base  (222- 


HON'ORARY,  a.  conferring  hon- 
or (250-2). 

HON'ESTY,  n.  uprightness 
(165-2). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  135 

263.  HOT're-O,  to  be  dreadful,  to  shudder. 
"HOB'EIBLE,  a.  dreadful  (56-3).  |  HOR'ROR,  n.  dread  (68-3). 

264.  Hor't-or,  I  exhort.    Horta't-us,  exhorting. 
1.  EXHORT'ED,  v.  entreated. 

1 .  Washington  exhorted  the  Wyoming  settlers  to  remove,  but  they 
would  not  agree  to  leave  their  homes. 

265.  ITor't-U8,  a  garden. 

1.  HOR'TICULTURE,  n.  (colo,)  2.  HORTICULTURAL,  'a.  (colo,) 
the  culture  of  gardens.  relating  to  horticulture. 

1.  To  promote  horticulture)  the  Patent-Office  is  allowed  to  dis- 
tribute seeds. 

2.  The  collection  of  ferns  in  Horticultural  Hall  is  very  fine. 

266.  Hos'p-es  (hosr pit-is),  a  host  or  guest. 


1.  HOS'PITABLE,  a.  kind  to  vis- 
itors ;  entertaining  strangers 
with  kindness. 


HOST,   n.   one    who    receives 

guests  (382). 
HOTEL',  n.  an  inn  (382). 


1.  Roger  Williams  expostulated  with  the  Council ;  but  finding  he  did 
not  prevail,  he  sought  refuge  among  the  hospitable  Narragansetts. 


267.  Hos't-is,  an  enemy. 
HOST,   n.    a    multitude    (42- 

2). 
HOS'TILE,  a.  adverse  (17-1). 


HOSTILITY,  n.  enmity  (74-2). 
HOSTILITIES,  n.  hostile  pro- 
ceedings (17-2). 


268.  Hu'm-US,   the   ground.      Hu'mil-is,   humble. 
Hufme-O9  to  be  wet  or  moist. 


1.  HUMILIATION,  n.  mortifica- 
tion. 

2.  EXHUME',  v.  disinter. 

3.  HUMIL'IATE,  v.  to  humble. 
HU'MID,  a.  damp  (68-3). 


HUMID'ITY,  n.  dampness  (213- 

5). 
HUM'BLE,  v.  to  free  from  pride 

(329-3). 
HU'MOR,  n.  pleasantry  (146-3). 


1.  The  loss  of  Quebec,  in  1759,  was  a  great  humiliation  to  France. 

2.  In  1661,  Charles  II.  gave  orders  to  exhume  the  body  of  Oliver 
Cromwell,  and,  as  it  was  not  entirely  decomposed,  it  was  easy  to  prove 
its  identity. 

3.  To  humiliate  his  son,  the  King  Frederick  William  treated  him 
in  the  most  barbarous  manner ;  "  he  was  kicked,  cudgelled,  pulled  by  the 
hair,  etc." 


136  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

269.  I'dem,  the  same. 
IDEN'TICAL,  a.  the  same  (134-2).   IDEN'TIFY,  v.  to  prove  sameness 


IDENTITY,  n.  sameness  (268-2). 


(65-14). 


270.  Ig'n-is,  fire. 

1.  IGNITE',  v.  to  set  on  fire. 

1.  In  1777,  Col.  Meigs  was  able  to  ignite  the  British  vessels  at  Sag 
Harbor ;  and  to  explode  the  magazine. 

271.  Ima'g-o  (imag'in-is),  an  image.  Imagined  - 

t-US,  fancying. 


1.  IMAGINATION,  n.  fancy. 
IM'AGE,  n.  statue  (110). 
IMAG'INE,  v.  to  conceive  by 
the  fancy  (199-2). 


IMAGINARY,  a.  fancied ;  vis- 
ionary (64-6). 

IM'AGERY,  n.  figurative  repre- 
sentation (64-1). 


1.  Imagination  can  scarcely  depict  a  more  desolate  situation,  than 
the  Colony  of  Virginia,  isolated  as  it  was,  and  surrounded  by  Indians, 
who  desired  its  extirpation. 

272.  Imbecil'l-is,  weak,  feeble. 
IM'BECILE,  a.  feeble  (290-3). 

273.  Tm'it-or,  I  imitate. 


1.  IMITA'TORS,   n.  those   who 
pattern  after. 


2.  IMITA'TION,  n.   the  act  of 
copying. 


1.  Milton  has  had  many  imitators,  since  he  wrote  "  Paradise  Lost." 

2.  Such  an  excellent  imitation  of  the  diamond  has  been  made,  that 
experts  are  sometimes  deceived. 

274.  Im'per-O,  I  command.     Impera't-um,  to  com- 
mand. 


EM'PIRE,  n.  the  dominion  of  an 

emperor  (75-3). 
EM'PEROR,  n.  a  monarch  over 

an  empire  (98-1). 


IMPE'RIAL,  a.  pertaining  to  an 

emperor  (98-1). 
IMPE'RIOUS,     a.     overbearing 

(65-3). 


275.  Ina'n-is,  empty. 
INANI'TION,  n.  exhaustion  (256-1). 

276.  Indi'gen-a,  a  native,  the  native  of  a  place. 
INDIGENOUS,  a.  native  (56-7). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  137 

277.  Indus'tri-a9  industry. 

1.  IN'DUSTRY,  n.  habitual  diligence. 

1.  By  industry  and  economy  France  has  been  able  to  pay  the  war 
indemnity. 

278.  Irifer-us  and  Infer'n-us,  below. 

1.  INFER'NAL,  a.  pertaining  to   INFE'RIOR,  a.  lower  in  place 

the  lower  regions.  (85-3). 

1.  "  Stygian,"  in  Heathen  Mythology,  refers  to  the  Styx,  a  river  of  the 
infernal  regions. 

279.  Irisul-a,  an  island. 


1.  IN'SULATE,  v.  to  isolate. 

2.  IN'SULAR,  a.  belonging  to 
an  island. 

PENIN'SULAS,  w.(pene,)  por- 


tions of   land   almost   sur- 
rounded by  water  (444-1). 
IS'OLATED,  a.  placed  by  itself 
(271). 


1.  Clinton  hoped,  by  forming  a  junction  with  Burgoyne,  to  insulate 
New  England  from  the  Middle  States. 

2.  The  insular  position  of  England  led  to  the  passage  of  the  Navi- 
gation Acts,  intended  to  increase  her  commerce. 


280.  Iriteg-er,  whole,  entire. 


1.  DISINTEGRATE,  v.  to  reduce 
to  fragments. 


INTEGRITY,  n.  purity  of  mind ; 
honesty  (165-2). 


2.  IN'TEGRAL,  a.  whole,  entire. 

1.  The  power  of  moisture  to  disintegrate  solid  rock  is  shown  by 
the  sand  on  the  sea-shore. 

2.  The  action  of  the  Berlin  Congress  was  tantamount  to  deciding  that 
Turkey  should  not  be  an  integral  part  of  Europe. 

281.  Intrin' sec-us,  on  the  inside.    Iritim-us,  most 
intimate.     Inter'n-US,  inward.     Irit-US9  within. 


1.  INTRINSIC,  a.  inherent. 
INTE'RIOR,  a.  inner ;  inter- 
nal (132-1). 


IN'TIMATE,  a.  familiar;   close 

in  friendship  (83-1). 
INTIMA'TION,  n.  hint  (103-2). 


1.  The  pleasure  experienced  on  receiving  a  gift,  does  not  depend  on 
its  intrinsic  value,  but  on  the  feeling  which  prompted  it. 

282.  Tra,  anger.     Itfrit-O,  I  make  angry. 
IRAS'CIBLE,    a.    easily    made   IR'RITATED,V.  provoked  (12-2). 
angry  (12-2).  lR'RiTABLE,a.irascible  (508-2). 

12* 


138 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


283.  I'ter  (itirier-is),  a  journey.    I'ter-o,  I  repeat. 


IT'ERATE,  v.  to  repeat  (110). 
REIT'ERATE,  v.  to  repeat  again 


ITINERANT,      a.     journeying 

(92-3). 
ITIN'ERATE,  v.  travel  (558-5). 


and  again  (65-5). 

284.  Ja'ce-o,  I  lie. 

1.  CIRCUMJA'CENT,    a.    lying  AD JA' CENT,  a.  lying  near  to 

around.  (74-2). 

1.  Florida,  and  the  circumjacent  islands,  were  ceded  to  the  United 
States  in  1821. 

285.  Ja!c-io,  I  throw. 

1.  CONJECTURE,  n.  surmise. 

2.  EJECT',  v.  to  expel. 


Jac't-um,  to  throw. 

AD'JECTIVE,  n.  a  word  added 
to  a  noun  to  describe  it  (8-1). 


3.  DEJEC'TION,    n.    depression 
of  spirits. 
AB'JECT,  a.  mean  (125-6). 


SUB'JECT,  n.  that  which  is 
brought  under  thought  (37- 
3). 


1.  Washington  was  right  in  his  conjecture 9  that  Howe  intended  to 
attack  New  York,  in  1776. 

2.  Dunmore,  the  last  Royal  Governor  of  Virginia,  was  regarded  with 
such  aversion,  that  the  colonists  determined  to  tolerate  him  no  longer, 
but  to  eject  him  by  force. 

3.  The  act  of  the  traitor,  Arnold,  caused  great  dejection  in  the 
American  army,  and  a  few  timorous  citizens  joined  the  Loyalists. 

286.  Jo'c-us,  a  joke. 

1.  JOC'ULAR,  a.  jocose. 

2.  JOCULAR'ITY,  n.  gayety. 

1.  "Colonel  Washington  is  very  illiterate,  and  cannot  subscribe  his 
name  to  a  document,"  said  Tarleton,  who  had  been  wounded  by  him  at 
Cowpens.     "  Ah  !  Colonel,"  retorted  Mrs.  Jones,  in  a  jocular  manner, 
"  you  bear  evidence  that  he  can  make  his  mark." 

2.  The  jocularity  of  Charles  II.,  and  his  sociable  disposition,  made 
him  a  general  favorite. 

3.  Never  were  the  jocund  strains  of  the  Highland  pipe  more  wel- 
come, than  when  they  announced  the  relief  of  Lucknow,  1857. 

287.  Ju'dic-o,  I  judge.    Judica't-um,  to  judge. 


3.  JOC'UND,  a.  merry. 
JOKE,  n.  jest  (291). 


1.  JUDI'CIOUS,  a.  wise. 

2.  JUDICIAL,  a.  pertaining  to 
courts  of  justice. 


3.  JU'DICATORY,  n.  a  tribunal. 

4.  MISJUDGE',  v.  to  form  an 
erroneous  opinion. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  139 

JUDI'CIARY,  n.  the  system  of   PREJUDICIAL,  a.  injurious  (65- 
courts  of  justice  (475-1).  6). 

1.  By  judicious  management,  Scott,  who  was  sent  to  supersede  At- 
kinson, induced  Black  Hawk  to  sign  a  treaty. 

2.  John  Jay,  who  was  at  the  head  of  the  Judicial  Department,  under 
Washington,  was  an  excellent  linguist. 

3.  The  giving  of  false  testimony  before  a  judicatory 9  is  a  crime 
which  tends  to  subvert  the  very  foundations  of  society. 

4.  Often  we  misjudge  a  case,  for  lack  of  careful  examination. 

288.  Jim'gro,  Ijoin.  Junc't-um,tojom.  Ju'g-um, 

a  yoke. 
1.  AD'JUNCT,  n.  a  thing  joined.  |  SUB' JUGATE,  v.  conquer  (11-3). 


2.  CONJUNCTURE,  n.  combina- 
tion. 

CON'JUGAL,   a.  relating  to 
marriage  (140-5). 


SUBJUGATION,  n.  the  act  of 
bringing  under  the  power  or 
absolute  control  of  another 
(76-3). 


1.  The  relative,  with  any  adjunct 9  should  be  placed  near  its  ante- 
cedent, to  prevent  ambiguity. 

2.  The  invention  of  the  mariner's  compass,  the  discovery  of  America, 
and  the  invention  of  printing,  formed  a  conjuncture  of  circumstances, 
very  favorable  to  the  dissemination  of  knowledge. 

289.  Ju'r-o,  I  swear.    Jura't-um,  to  swear. 


1.  CON'JURE,    v.    to    practise 
magical  arts. 


PER' JURY,   n.   false    swearing 
(75-3). 


1.  Although  the  magicians  of  Chaldea  professed  to  conjure,  they 
could  not  read  the  handwriting  on  the  wall. 

290.  Jus  (jurr-is)9  right,  justice,  law.   Jus't-US,  just. 


1.  JURISPRUDENCE,  n.  (video,) 
science  of  law. 

2.  JURISDICTION,  n.  (dico,)  ex- 
tent of  power. 


3.  INJUSTICE,  n.  want  of  justice. 
IN  JU'RIOUS,  a.  hurtful  (75-9) . 
IN'JURES,  v.  damages  (8-2). 
ADJUST',  v.to  set  right(75-l). 


1.  Kufus  Choate  was  noted  for  his  familiarity  with  difficult  questions 
in  jurisprudence. 

2.  In  1688,  New  Jersey  was  included  in  the  jurisdiction  of  Andross, 
although  his  claim  to  it  had  been  contested. 

3.  The  Indians  never  forgot  the  injustice  of  Major  Waldron  ;  having 
captured  the  imbecile  old  man,  they  proceeded  to  excruciate  their  pris- 
oner, before  inflicting  a  mortal  wound. 


140  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

291.  Ju'ven-is,  young ;  a  young  man  ;  youth. 


1.  KEJUVENES'CENCE,  n.  a  re- 


JU'VENILE,  a.  youthful;  per- 


newing  of  youth.  taining  to  youth  (97-1). 

1.  It  seems  like  a  joke,  rather  than  an  historical  fact,  that  Ponce  de 
Leon  hoped  for  rejuvenescence. 

292.  La'bor,  work,  labor. 

ELABORATE,  a.  wrought  with  I  LA'BORED,  v.  toiled  (38-2). 
labor  (24-1).  LA'BOK,  n.  work  (170-4). 

293.  Lap'sus,  falling,  sliding. 


1.  COLLAPSE',  v.  to  fall  inward 
or  together. 

2.  ELAPSED',  v.  passed  away. 


3.  RELAPSE',  v.  to   fall  back 
again. 
LAPSE,  v.  to  glide  (679-2). 


1.  Engineers  are  trying  to  discover  what  it  is  which  causes  a  boiler  to 
collapse. 

2.  But  fourteen  years  elapsed,  after  the  settlement  of  Ohio,  before 
it  became  a  State. 

3.  Washington  adopted  the  most  lenient  measures  with  Aaron  Burr, 
expostulated  with  him  in  private,  and  when  he  promised  to  improve,  put 
him  on  probation.     But  Burr's  negligence  caused  him  to  relapse  into 
his  old  habits;  and  as  he  showed  no  signs  of  penitence,  Washington,  after 
much  deliberation,  dismissed  him  from  his  staff. 

294.  Lach'rym-a,  a  tear. 

1.  LACH'RYMAL,  a.  secreting  tears. 

1.  Pepper,  when  taken  in  large  quantities,  affects  the  lachrymal 
glands. 

295.  Lamerit-or,  I  bewail. 

1.  LAMENT',  n.  an  expression   LAM'ENTABLE,    a.    deplorable 


of  sorrow. 


(125-9). 


1.  David's  lament  for  his  son  Absalom  is  unsurpassed  in  classic  lit- 
erature. 

296.  La'p-is  (lap'id-is),  a  stone. 
DILAPIDATION,  n.  demolition  (158-1). 

297.  La't-us,  broad. 


LAT'ITUDE,  n.  distance  from 
the  equator  either  north  or 
south  (107). 


DILATE',  v.  to   enlarge  upon 

(195-3). 
DILA'TION,  n.  expansion  (485). 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES. 


141 


298.  La't-us  (lalfer-is),  a  side. 

1.  EQUILAT'ERAL,  a.  (sequus,)  2.  COLLATERAL,  a.  indirect ; 
having  equal  sides.  on  the  side  of. 

1.  From  a  simple  proposition  in  Geometry,  we  have  the  corollary, 
that  it  is  impossible  for  a  right-angled  triangle  to  be  equilateral* 

2.  The  Treaty  of  Ghent  settled  some  collateral  questions,  but  made 
no  mention  of  the  main  point  at  issue,  viz.,  the  impressment  of  American 
seamen. 

299.  Laus  (lau'd-is),  praise.    Lauda't-um,  to 

praise. 
1.  LAUD'ABLE,a.praiseworthy.   LAUD'ATORY,  a.  expressive  of 

LAUD,  v.  praise  (483-2).  praise  (167-5). 

1.  The  settlement  of  Georgia,  in  1733,  resulted  from  the  laudable 
desire  of  some  benevolent  gentlemen  to  provide  an  asylum  for  the  op- 
pressed of  all  nations. 

300.  Lax' -US,  loose,  open. 

1.  RELAXATION,  n.  diversion.  |  LAX,  a.  loose  (308). 
1.  In  Germany,  families  go  to  the  beer  gardens  for  relaxation. 

301.  JJe'g-O9  I  send  as  an  ambassador  ;  I  bequeath,    ie- 
ga't-WWl,  to  send  as  ambassador ;  to  bequeath. 


1.  ALLEGATIONS,  n.  declara- 
tions. 

2.  DEI/EG  ATE,   n.   a   commis- 


sioner. 


LEG'ACY,  n.  a  gift  by  will  of 
personal  property  (191-2). 

LEGA'TION,  n.  a  deputation 
(114-3). 

1.  King  Charles  considered  the  allegations  against  Harvey  insig- 
nificant and  easily  disproved. 

2.  Rhode  Island  did  not  send  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  in  1787. 

302.  Le'g-o,  I  gather,  I  select,  I  read.    Lec't-um9  to 

gather,  to  select,  to  read. 


1.  LEG'IBLE,  a.  that   can   be 
read. 

2.  LEG'END,  n.   narrative    of 
fabulous  character. 

3.  DI'ALECTS, n. peculiar  modes 
of  speech. 

3.  INTEL'LIGIBLE,  a.  that  can 
be  understood. 


INTELLIGENCE,  n.  information 

(19-1). 
ELEC'TION,  n.  the  act  of  choos- 

ing  (75-10). 
DIL'IGENT,  a.  industrious  (97- 

i). 

EL'IGIBLE,  a.  fit  to  be  chosen 
(12-1). 


142 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


LECT'URE,  n.  a  discourse  con- 
veying instruction  (66-1). 


NEGLECT'ED,  v.  omitted  (113) 
SELECT'ED,  j9ar£.  chosen  (19-1). 


COLLECT',  v.  to  gather  together 
(96-1). 


NEG'LIGENCE,   n.    inattention 
(293-3). 

1.  A  very  ancient  and  legible  copy  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  has  re- 
cently been  found  in  Russia. 

2.  According  to  an  Indian  legend,  "Alabama"  means  "Here  I  lay 
my  bones." 

3.  In  a  great  many  dialects,  there  is  a  word  meaning  "  amen,"  and 
so  similar  to  it,  that  it  is  intelligible  to  a  foreigner. 


303.  Ldn-is,  mild,  gentle.     Lefni-O,  I  soothe,  I  make 

gentle. 
1.  LEN'ITY,  n.   gentleness   of    LE'NIENT,   a.   mild  ;    gentle  ; 

treatment.  soothing  (293-3). 

1.  Charles  II.,  on  the  restoration  of  monarchy,  strove  to  intimidate  his 
enemies  by  severity,  rather  than  appease  them  by  lenity  '• 

304.  ILe'-O,  or  Jji!n-O,  to  besmear  ;  to  blot. 


1.  INDEL'IBLE,   a.   not  to   be 

erased. 

1.  The  execution  of  the  Archbishop  of  Paris  has  left  an  indelible 
Btain  on  the  perpetrators  of  the  deed. 


DELETE'KIOUS,     a.     injurious 
(11-10). 


305.  Le'v-is,  light. 

1.  LEV'ITY,  n.  lightness. 

2.  IRKEL'EVANT,  a.  not  appli- 
cable. 

EL'EVATE,V.  to  raise  (200-1). 


LerV-O,  I  raise. 

ALLE'VIATE,    v.    to     lighten 

(204-2). 

RELIEF',  n.  assistance;  succor 
(370). 

1.  A  person  need  not  be  a  devotee,  to  avoid  levity  on  serious  subjects. 

2.  The  reply  of  George  III.,  to  an  interrogation,  was  frequently  so 
irrelevant,  as  to  excite  grave  doubts  of  his  sanity. 


306.  Lex  (le'g-is),  a  law.    Legitim-us,  legal. 


LE'GAL,  a.  pertaining  to  law 

(11-5). 

ILLE'GAL,  a.  unlawful  (75-10). 
LEGISLATE,  v.  (fero,)  to  enact 

laws  (121-2). 


LEGISLATURE,  n.  (fero,)  the 
law-making  power  ;  the  su- 
preme power  of  a  state(14-2). 

PBJV'ILEGES,  n.  (privus,)  spe- 
cial advantages  (85-2). 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES..  143 

307.  Li'ber,  free. 


1.  LIBERALIZE,  v.  to  remove 


narrow  views. 


2.  DELIV'ERY,  n.  release. 
ILLIBERAL'ITY,  n.  narrow- 
ness of  mind  (146-3). 


LIB'ERAL,  a.  generous  (249). 
LIB'ERATE,  v.  to  set  free  (15-2). 
LIB'ERTY,  n.  freedom  (12-4). 
LIBERA'TION,  n.  freedom  from 
restraint  (85-1). 


1.  A  good  education  tends  to  liberalize  the  mind  and  free  it  from 
•superstition. 

2.  The  delivery  of  a  person  from  prison  is  frequently  effected  by  a 
writ  of  Habeas  Corpus. 

308.  Li'b-er  (UVri),  a  book. 


1.  LI'BEL,   n.    a    defamatory 
writing. 


LI'BRARY,  n.  a  collection   of 
books  (147-3). 


1.  It  is  no  libel  to  describe  the  English  kings  as  exceedingly  lax  in 
morals. 


309.  I/i'bra,  a  pound,  a  balance. 
DELIBERATION,  n.  consideration  (293-3). 

310.  Li'g-o,  I  bind.    Liga't-um,  to  bind. 


1.  ALLE'GIANCE,  n.  acknowl- 
edged obligation  to  obey. 

2.  LIG'AMENT,  n.  a  strong  com- 
pact substance  uniting  two 
bones. 


Li' ABLE,  a.  subject  (598). 
RELI'GION,  n.  duty  to  God  and 

man  (214-1). 
OBLIGED',     part,     compelled 

(66-4). 


1.  The  American  Colonies  did  not  deny  that  they  owed  allegiance 
to  Great  Britain. 

2.  In  a  ball  and  socket  joint,  (such  as  the  shoulder,)  the  ball  is  kept 
in  place  by  a  ligament. 

311.  lA'men  (lim'in-is),  a  threshold. 
PRELIMINARY,  a.  introductory  (18-4). 

312.  Li'mes  (limfit-is)9  a  limit,  a  boundary. 
1.  LIMITA'TION,  n.  restriction. 

1.  The  permanent  limitation  to  the  power  of  amendment  is  as  fol- 
lows: "  No  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suf- 
frage in  the  Senate." 


144  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

313.  Jji!ne-a9  a  line.    Li'n-um,  flax. 


1.  DELIN'EATE,  v.  to  draw. 

2.  LIN'EAMENT,  n.  feature. 

3.  LIN'EAR,  a.  relating  to  lines. 

4.  RECTILIN'EAR,  a.  (rectus,) 
having  straight  lines. 

LINES,  n.  boundaries  (60-2). 


LIN'EN,  n.  cloth  made  of  flax 

(75-6). 
LIN'SEED,  n.  the  seed  of  flax 

(75-6). 

LIN'EAGE,W.  family  line  (75-4). 
LIN'EAL,  a.  in  a  line  (75-4). 


1.  One  of  the  juvenile  efforts  of  Benjamin  West,  was  an  attempt  to 
delineate  the  portrait  of  his  little  niece. 

2.  Every  lineament  was  so  correct,  that  his  mother  was  able  to 
recognize  it  immediately. 

3.  Duodecimals  are  used  both  in  linear  and  square  measure. 

4.  Any  figure  bounded  by  straight  lines  is  rectilinear ;  bounded 
by  four  lines  is  quadrilateral. 

314.  I/irigu-d,  the  tongue ;  a  language. 
LAN'GUAGE,  n.  the  speech  of  a  LIN'GUIST,  n.  one   skilled  in 

nation  (195-6).  languages  (287-2). 

315.  Isiriqu-o,  I  leave.    lAc't-um,  to  leave. 


DELINQUENCY,  n.  fault  (113). 


RELINQUISH,   v.   to   abandon 


REL'ic,n.somethingleft  (24-1).       (17-3). 

316.  Ll'que-O,  to  melt,  to  be  liquid. 
LIQ'UORS,  n.  distilled  liquids  (51). 

317.  lAs  (li't-is),  strife. 

1.  LiTiGAfTioN,n.(ago,)going|2.  LITIG'IOUS,  a.  (ago,)   fond 
to  law  ;  a  suit  at  law.  I      of  litigation. 

1.  The  people  of  New  Hampshire  regarded  the  demand  for  rent  as  an 
imposition,  and  resorted  to  litigation,  to  decide  the  point. 

2.  "Whitney,  the  inventor  of  the  cotton-gin,  though  not  litigious, 
was  constantly  involved  in  lawsuits. 


318.  IAter-a9  a  letter. 

1.  LIT'ERAL,  a.  exact  to  the 
letter. 

2.  OBLITERATE,    v.    to    rub 
out. 


ILLITERATE,  a.  ignorant  (286- 

1). 
LIT'ERARY,  a.  relating  to  learn- 

ing  (11-2). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


145 


1.  To  produce  a  literal  copy  of  a  long  article  requires  close  attention. 

2.  Americans  will  never  be  able  to  obliterate  from  their  remem- 
brance the  despicable  attempt  of  Arnold  to  betray  his  country. 

319.  Lo'c-US,  a  place.     Lo'co,  I  place. 

1.  LOCOMC/TION,   n.    (moveo,)   2.  LO'CAL,  a.  relating  to  place, 
power  of  changing  place.  LOCALITY,  n.  place  (56-3). 

1.  An  oyster  has  not  locomotion ,  yet  it  is  classed  among  animals. 

2.  A  knowledge  of  local  geography  is  valuable  in  any  vocation. 

320.  Lorig-us,  long. 

1.  ELON'GATE,  v.  to  lengthen. 
LON'GITUDE,    n.    distance, 


east  or  west,  from  any  estab- 


lished meridian,  as  Green- 
wich (141-2). 
PROLONG'  (see  page  33). 


1.  From  the  21st  of  December,  the  days  continue  to  elongate  in  the 
Northern  Hemisphere,  and  diminish  in  the  Southern,  until  the  sun  reaches 
the  equinoctial  line,  when  the  days  and  nights  are  equal. 


321.  Lo'qu-or,  I  speak. 

1.  ELOCU'TION,  n.  the  art  of 
oratorical  delivery. 

2.  CIRCUMLOCU'TION,  n.  round- 
about expression. 

3.  OB'LOQUY,  n.  censure ;  cal- 


umny. 
4.  SOLIL'OQUY, 


speech  in  solitude. 


(solus,)    a 


JLocUrt-U89  speaking. 
COLLO'QUIAL,    a.    relating    to 

conversation  (52-1). 
COL'LOQUY,     n.     conversation 

(146-3). 
EL'OQUENT,   a.   expressive   of 

strong  emotion  (18-4). 
LOQUA'CITY,   n.   talkativeness 

(146-3). 


1.  To  excel  in  elocution 9  great  attention  should  be  paid  to  the  cor- 
rect enunciation  of  every  vowel. 

2.  Perry  used  no  circumlocution  in  announcing  his  great  victory 
on  Lake  Erie,  September,  1813. 

3.  Much  obloquy  was  cast  on  William  Penn,  for  his  friendship  for 
James  II. 

4.  Gate's  soliloquy 9  commencing,  "  It  must  be  so,  Plato,  thou  reason- 
est  well,"  may  have  kept  many  horn  suicide. 

322.  Lu'ce-o,  I  shine.    I/w'men  (lu'min-is),  light. 
Lus'tr-O,  I  make  clear  or  bright. 

1.  ELU'CIDATE,  v.  to  explain.     ILLUSTRA'TION,  n.  exemplifica- 

2.  ILLUMINATION,  n.  lighting       tion  (334-2). 

up.  LU'MINARY,  n.  the  sun ;  any 

3.  Lu'MiNOUS,a.emittirg light.        orb  that  gives  light  (206-1). 

13  K 


146  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  Newton  was  the  first  to  clearly  elucidate  the  principle  of  the  at- 
traction of  gravitation. 

2.  There  was  a  general  illumination,  on  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp 
Act,  in  1766. 

3.  The  moon  is  not  a  luminous  body,  but  is  able  to  irradiate  the 
earth  by  reflecting  the  rays  of  the  sun. 

323.  Lu'cr-um,  gain.     Lucra't-US,  gaining. 
1.  LUCRATIVE,  a.  profitable. 

1.  The  great  diversity  in  the  productions  of  the  United  States,  makes 
the  foreign  commerce  very  lucrative* 

324.  Luc't-or,  I  struggle. 
1.  KELUC'TANT,  a.  unwilling. 

1.  Elizabeth  was  very  reluctant  to  sign  the  death-warrant  of  Essex, 
but  as  she  could  find  no  excuse  for  his  conduct,  she  was  compelled  to 
yield. 

325.  Im'd-O,  I  play,  I  deceive.     LufS-um,  to  play,  to 

deceive. 


ALLU'SIONS,     n.      references 

(97-1). 
ELUDE',  v.  to  evade  (104-2). 

326.  JMn-a,  the  moon. 

1.  LU'NATIC,  n.  an  insane  per- 
son. 

LU'NAR,  a.  pertaining  to  the 
moon  (170-3). 


LU'DICROUS,    a.    exciting    to 

laughter  (232-2). 
DELUDE',  v.  to  cheat  (665). 

LU'NACY,  n.  madness ;  prop- 
erly the  kind  which  is 
broken  by  intervals  of  rea- 
son (170-3). 


1.  George  III.  was  for  many  years  a  lunatic;  in  1811,  Prince  George 
was  appointed  Regent.  ^>~ 

uL    ~LXXA/ 

327.  Im'-O,  I  wash  away.     Z/Wrt-um,  to  wash  away. 
1.  ABLU'TION,  n.  a  washing.     1 2.  DILUTE',  v.  to  weaken. 

1.  The  frequent  ablution  of  the  whole  body  is  enjoined  by  the  Mo- 
saic Law. 

2.  It  is  a  crime,  in  some  countries,  to  dilute  milk  or  adulterate  articles 
of  merchandise. 

328.  Magis'ter  (magis'tr-i),  a  master. 


1.  MAGISTRACY,  n.  the  office 


of  a  magistrate.  the  air  of  authority. 


2.  MAGISTERIAL,    a.    having 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


147 


3.  MAGISTRATE,  ?i.  one  having  MAS'TER,  n.  one  having  others 


civil  authority. 


under  authority  (128). 


1.  Prescott,  the  Governor  of  Rhode  Island,  appointed  none  to  the 
magistracy,  but  those  who  would  carry  out  his  malicious  designs. 

2.  Berkley,  the  aristocratic  governor  of.  Virginia,  said  with  a  mag- 
isterial air,  "Thank God,  there  are  no  free  schools  nor  printing-presses 
in  Virginia." 

3.  Bunyan  was  frequently  brought  before  a  magistrate,  when  his 
friends  would  intercede  for  him. 

329.  Mag'n-us,  great. 


1.  MAGNANIMOUS, a.(animus,) 


Ma'jor,   greater. 

greatest. 

3.  MAG'NA-CHAR'TA,  n.  (char- 


ta,)  the  great  charter. 
MAJOR'ITY,    n.     the     part 
greater   than   the    sum   of 
all  the  other  parts  (97-3). 


of  noble  mind. 

2.  MAG'NIFY,  v.  to  enlarge. 

3.  MA'JESTY,  n.  title  of  a  sov- 
ereign. 

1.  Had  Washington  been  lees  magnanimous,  he  would  have  taken 
measures  to  punish  Conway  for  his  unprovoked  attacks. 

2.  We  use  a  microscope  to  magnify ;  a  telescope  to  see  distant  ob- 
jects. 

3.  His  Majesty,  King  John,  had  many  things  to  humble  him,  but 
the  signing  of  JtfogTOO-Charta,  1215,  reduced  him  to  despair. 

330.  Ma'l-US,  evil,  bad.     Malig'n-US,  ill-disposed; 
malevolent. 


MALADMINISTRATION,  n.  (min- 
istri,)bad  use  of  power  (123- 

i). 

MAI/CONTENT,  n.  (teneo,)  a  dis- 
satisfied member  of  society 
(445). 

MALIGN',  v.  to  slander  (672-2). 


MALEFAC'TOR, n.  (facio,)  a  crim- 
inal (201). 

MAL'ICE,  n.  malevolence  (140). 
MALi'cious,a.malevolent  (328- 

1). 

MALIG'NITY,  n.   extreme   en- 
mity (64-5). 


331.  Marid-O,  I  command.     Jlfanda't-um,  to  com- 
mand. 


COMMAND',  n.  injunction  (75- 

14). 
COUNTERMAND',  v.  to  revoke 

(124-2). 
MAN'DATE,  n.  order  (75-13). 


REPRIMAND',  n.  reproof;  cen- 
sure (2). 

COMMEND'ABLE,  a.  worthy  of 
praise  (491), 

REMAND'  (see  page  33). 


148 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


332.  Ma'ne-o,  I  stay.    Maris-um,  to  stay. 
PERMANENT,  a.  lasting  (312).  |  KEMAiNriNG,^ar^.staying(241) 

333.  Ma'n-o,  I  flow.    Mana!t-um,  to  flow. 
EM'ANATES,  v.  proceeds  from  (16-2). 


334.  Ma'n-us,  the  hand. 

1.  AMANUEN'SIS,  n.  one  who 
writes  for  another. 

2.  MAN'ACLES,  n.  fetters. 
MAN'UAL,  a.  performed  by 

the  hand  (157). 
MAINTAIN',  v.  (teneo),   to 
support  (126-3). 
MANUMIS'SION,  n.  (mitto,) 
giving  liberty  to  slaves  (65- 
8). 


MANEU'VER,  n.  (opera),  a  skil- 
ful movement  (138-1). 

MANUFACTORY,  n.  (facio,)  a 
place  where  goods  are  made 
(57-2). 

MANUFACTURE,  n.  (facio,)  any- 
thing made  by  the  hand  or 
by  art  (35-6). 

MAN'USCRIPT,  n.  (scribo),  a 
writing  (125-5). 


1.  Want  of  sight  is  considered  an  insuperable  obstacle  to  literary  pur- 
suits, yet  Milton  by  means  of  an  amanuensis  wrote  "  Paradise  Lost," 
after  he  became  blind. 

2.  Columbus,  returning  from  the  New  World  in  manacles,  is  a 
striking  illustration  of  the  mutability  of  earthly  things. 

335.  Ma'r-e,  the  sea. 
1 .  TRANSMARINE'  ,  a.  across  the 


sea. 

2.  SUBMARINE',  a.  under  the 
sea. 


MAR'ITIME,  a.  bordering  on  the 

sea  (132-1). 
MAR'INER,  n.  one  who  follows 

the  sea  (288-2). 

1.  In  1763,  England  received  a  large  accession  to  her  transmarine 

possessions,  by  the  acquisition  of  Canada. 

2.  The  efforts  of  Cyrus  W.  Field,  to  lay  a  submarine  telegraph,  to 
unite  England  and  America,  have  been  successful. 

336.  Mars  (mar't-is),  the  god  of  war. 
COURT- MAR'TIAL,  n.  a  military  court  (2). 

337.  Mas'cul-us,  the  male. 
MAS'CULINE,  a.  relating  to  the  male  sex  (449-1). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


149 


338.  Matter  (matfr-is),  a  mother. 


1.  MAT'RICIDE,  n.  (caedo,)  the 
murder  of  a  mother. 
MA'TRON,    n.    an     elderly 
married  lady  (146-3). 


MATER' NAL,  a.  relating  to  a 

mother  (696). 
MAT'RIMONY,  n.  marriage  (545- 

2). 


1.  Matricide  is  not  the  least  crime  of  which  the  Emperor  Nero  is 
accused. 


339.  Matdri-a,  matter. 
1.  MAT'TER,  n.  anything  per- 
ceived by  the  senses. 


MATE'RIAL,   n.   matter ;   sub- 
stance (78). 


1.  It  is  easy  to  confute  the  old  theory  that  heat  and  light  are  matter. 

340.  Matu'r-us,  ripe. 

1.  MATURED',^,  well  digested.  I  MATU'RITY,  n.  ripeness  (119). 
IMMATURE',  a.  unripe  (119).  I  PRE'MATURE,a.too  hasty(86-l) 
1.  In  1838,  the  insurgents  in  Canada,  having  matured  their  plans, 
an  insurrection  took  place. 

341.  Med'e-or,  I  cure.    Med'ic-us,  a  physician. 


1.  MEDIC'INAL,  a.  having  the 
power  of  healing. 
MED'ICAL,  a.  relating  to  the 
art  of  healing  (177-3). 
MED'ICINE,  n.  any  substance 


used  in  curing  disease  (65- 

15). 
REME'DIAL,  a.  intended  for  a 

remedy  (92-4). 
REM'EDY,  n.  cure  (180-3). 


1.  The  Indians  are  well  acquainted  with  the  medicinal  properties 
of  the  plantain. 

342.  Med'it-or,  I  muse. 

1.  PREMEDITATED,  v.  planned  previously. 

1.  As  the  Indians  of  Virginia  premeditated  the  attack,  in  1644, 
they  were  well  prepared  for  the  contest. 

343.  Med'i-us,  middle.    Medi'ocr-is,  middling. 

1.  ME'DIUM,  n.  means.  ME'DIATE,  v.  to  interpose  be- 

tween parties,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  effecting  a  reconcilia- 


ME'DIUM, n.  means. 
IMMEDIATELY,  adv.  instant- 
ly (313-2). 

MEDIA'TION,    n.    interposi- 
tion (28-2). 


tion  (75-1). 

IMME'DIATE,  a.  present  (504-2). 
1.  A  system  of  signals  is  usually  adopted,  as  a  medium  of  communi- 
cation between  the  distant  parts  of  an  army. 
13* 


150 


A    MANUAL    OF    ETYMOLOGY. 


344.  Me'lior,  better. 
AMELIORATE,  v.  to  make  better  (249-2). 

345.  Me'mor,  mindful.    Mem'in-i,  I  remember. 


1.  REMINIS'CENCE,  n.  recollec- 
tion. 

1.  MEM'OKY,  n.  the  faculty  by 
which  we  remember. 

2.  MEMO'RIAL,  n.  a  monument. 
COMMEM'ORATE,  v.  to  pre- 
serve in  memory  by  some 
public  act  (22-6). 


IMMEMO'RIAL,  a.  beyond  mem- 
ory (199-3). 

MEM'ORABLE,  a.  worthy  to  be 
remembered  (225-2). 

REMEM'BER,  v.  bear  in  mind 
(250-3). 

MEN'TION,  n.  a  calling  to  mind 
(298-2). 


1.  The  following  pleasing  reminiscence  of  Washington  is  worth 
committing  to  memory.     As  Washington  was  about  to  leave  a  house, 
where  he  had  made  a  call,  a  modest  little  girl  opened  the  door,  and  court- 
eously held  it  for  him  to  pass  out.    "  My  dear,"  said  Washington,  "  I  wish 
you  a  better  service."     "  Yes,  sir,"  said  the  little  girl,  "  to  let  you  in." 

2.  A  library  is  a  far  more  suitable  memorial  of  Benjamin  Franklin, 
than  any  useless  monument,  which  posterity  could  erect. 


346.  Merid-a9  a  blemish,  a  mistake. 
AMEND'MENT,  n.  alteration  for  the  better  (312). 

347.  Mens  (merit-is),  the  mind. 
MEN'TAL,  a.  relating  to  the  mind  (105-2).     _    y 


3iv 


348.  Mensu'ra,  a  measure.    JMLe'ti-or,  I  measure. 


1.  DIMENSION,  n.  extent. 
MEAS'URES,  n.  plans;   the 
dimensions  (43-2). 


MEASUREMENT,  n.  the  act  of 

measuring  (15-1). 
IMMENSE',  a.  of  vast  extent  (38). 


1.  To  find  the  area  of  a  rectangular  figure,  multiply  one  dimension 
by  the  other. 

349.  Me?-O,  I  go.     Mcearider,  a  river  in  Phrygia. 
1.  MEAN'DERING,  a.  winding,  2.  PER'MEATE,    v.    to     pass 
or  flowing  round.  through  the  interstices  of. 

1.  Mythology  gives  the  name  Maeander  to  a  river  in  Asia,  remarkable 
for  its  meandering  or  serpentine  course. 

2.  The  noxious  substances  used  in  some  wall  paper,  are  often  found  to 
permeate  the  air  and  render  it  unwholesome. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


151 


350.  Mer'c-or,  I  buy,  I  trade, 
trading. 


Mer'cans,  buying. 


1.  MERCENARY,  a.  serving  for 
pay. 

2.  MERCANTILE,  a.  pertaining 
to  a  merchant. 


COM'MERCE,  n.  trade  (130). 
MERCHANDISE,     n.       things 

bought  and  sold  (75-6). 
MER'CHANT,  n.  a  trader  (11-5). 


1.  Burgoyne's  army  was  composed  of  a  heterogeneous  mass  of  mer- 
cenary troops,  gathered  by  conscription. 

2.  The  assumption,  that  the  British  Government  had  the  right  to  seize 
deserters,  was  destructive  of  the  mercantile  interests  of  the  United 
States. 


351.  Mer'g-o,  I  dip 

EMER'GENCY,  n.  pressing  neces- 
sity (169-1). 


Mer's-um9  to  dip. 

EMERGE',  v.  to  rise  out  (see 


«/         V 

IMMER'SION, 
(125-2). 


n.     a     dipping 


352.  Mig'r-o,  I  remove. 

1.  MI'GRATORY,  a.  roving. 
EMIGRATE,   v.    to   remove 
from  a  place  (62-1). 
IMMIGRATION,  n.  the  com- 
ing   of    foreigners    into    a 
country  (92-5). 
1.  In  1713,  a  migr atory  band 

and  joined  the  Five  Nations. 


page  33). 
IMMERSE',  v.  to  dip ;  to  sink 
(see  page  33). 

Migra't-um,  to  remove. 
IM'MIGRANT,  n.  one  who  comes 

into    a    country   to   reside 

(132-1). 
MIGRA'TION,  n.  departure  to  a 

distant   place    of  residence 

(66-1).    ' 
of  Tuscaroras  arrived  in  New  York, 


353.  Mi'l-es  (mil'it-is),  a  soldier. 


MIL'ITARY,   a.   pertaining   to 
soldiery  (93-2). 


MILI'TIA,  n.  the  enrolled  sol- 
diers (96-1). 


354.  Mil'le,  a  thousand. 
MILL'ION,  n.  ten  hundred  thousand  (511). 


355.  Mi'n-eo,  I  jut  out. 
PROM'INENT,  a.  eminent ;  con- 
spicuous (66-1). 


EM'INENT,     a.     distinguished 
(65-11). 


152  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

356.  Mfinis'ter  (minis'tr-i),  a  servant. 
ADMINISTRATION,  n.  manage-   ADMINISTER,  v.  give ;  dispense 

ment  of  affairs  (75-9).  (109-3). 

357.  M3!n-or,  less.  M%riu-o,  I  lessen.  M$nu't-um, 

to  lessen. 


1.  DIMINUTION,  n.  decrease. 
MINOR'ITY,  n.  the  smaller 


o 


number. 


3.  DIMIN'UTIVE,  a.  little. 
DIMINISH,  v.  to  lessen  (216- 
7). 

1.  "Want  and  disease  had  caused  such  a  diminution  in  the  army, 
that  Lincoln  was  compelled  to  surrender  Charleston,  in  1780. 

2.  The  minority  in  Congress  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the 
attendance  of  absent  members. 

3.  In  making  the  soundings  for  the  Atlantic  Cable,  the  plummet 
brought  up  diminutive  shells. 

358.  Mi'r-US,  strange,  wonderful.     Mira't-US,  won- 

dering.   Mirac'ul-um,  a  miracle. 

AD'MIRABLY,  adv.  wonderful- 
ly (27-3). 

ADMiRA'TioN,w.wonder  (37-3). 
1.  According  to  an  ancient  tradition,  the  veritable  tabernacle,  described 
in  the  Pentateuch,  is  still  in  existence,  having  been  preserved  by  mi- 
raculous power. 

359.  Mis'c-eo,  I  mix.    Mix't-um,  to  mix. 


1.  MIRAC'ULOUS,  a.  exceeding 
the  laws  of  nature ;  per- 
formed supernaturally. 


1.  Mis'cELLANY,n.  a  collection 
of  various  things. 

2.  MISCELLANEOUS,  a.  mixed. 


3.  PROMISCUOUS,  a.  consisting 
of  individuals  united  in  a 
mass  without  order. 


1.  A  good  Cyclopedia  contains  an  interesting  miscellany ,  embrac- 
ing Mechanics,  Geometry,  Geology,  etc. 

2.  The  Patent-Office  contains  a  miscellaneous  collection  of  every 
kind  of  apparatus. 

3.  A  promiscuous  multitude,  composed  of  all  classes,  gain  admis- 
sion to  the  President  on  New-Year's  day. 

360.  Mi'ser,  wretched. 

1.  MI'SER,   n.    an    extremely 
covetous  person. 

2.  COMMISERATE,  v.  to  pity. 


MISERABLE,  a.  unhappy  (75- 

8). 
MIS'ERY,  n.  suffering  (225). 


1.  At  the  present  day,  a  man  is  in  more  danger  of  being  a  spendthrift 
than  a  miser. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


153 


2.  The  intense  sufferings  of  the  prisoners,  in  the  "  Prison  Ship,"  were 
unmitigated  during  the  war.  If  any  Royalist  dared  to  commiserate 
these  sufferings,  and  to  provide  a  palliative,  he  soon  received  an  admo- 
nition, which  caused  him  to  desist. 

361.  Mitfig-o9  I  make  mild,  I  assuage. 
UNMITIGATED,  a.  unassuaged  (360-2). 

362.  Mitt-O,  I  send.     Mis's-um,  to  send. 


1.  INTERMITTENT,  a.  ceasing 
at  intervals. 

ADMIS'SION,  n.  admittance 
(359-3). 

COM'MISSARY,  n.  the  officer 
who  provides  food  for  the 
army  (13-1). 

COMMIT',  v.  to  perpetrate 
(31-3). 

COMPROMISE,  n.  adjustment 
by  concession  (75-1). 
COMMIT'TEE,  n.  persons  ap- 
pointed   to    perform    some 
business  (42-1). 
EM'ISSARY,  n.  one  sent  as  a 
secret  agent  (86-2). 


MISSIONARY,  n.  one  sent  to 
propagate  religion  (31). 

PERMISSION,  n.  leave  granted 
(82-1). 

PROMISING-,  part,  engaging  to 
give  (21-4). 

PROMISSORY,  a.  containing  a 
promise  (154). 

SUBMISSION,  n.  a  yielding 
to  power  or  superior  author- 
ity (14-4). 

SURMISE',  n.  suspicion  (195-1). 

EMIT'  (see  page  33). 

SUBMIT'  (see  page  33). 

TRANSMIT'  (see  page  33). 

PERMIT'  (see  page  33). 


1.  In  some  of  the  oil  wells,  the  flow  is  uninterrupted,  while  in  others 
it  is  intermittent. 

363.  Mo'd-us,  a  measure.     ]}£odesrt-U8,  modest. 


1.  MOD'ERATE,    a.    observing 
proper  bounds. 

2.  MOD'ESTY,  n.  humility. 

3.  MOD'IFY,  v.  to  change  the 
character  of  a  thing. 

4.  COMMO'DIOUS,  a.  convenient. 


ACCOM'MODATE,  v.  to  supply 
with  conveniences  (65-1). 

COMMODITY,  n.  that  which  af- 
fords convenience  —  goods, 
wares,  merchandise  (214-6). 

MOD'EL,  n.  a  copy  to  be  imi- 
tated (94-2). 


MOD'EST,  a.  diffident  (345). 


4.  INCOMMODE',   v.   to    incon- 
venience. 

1.  Never  eat  to  satiety;  but  he  moderate  in  all  things,  if  you  would 
preserve  health. 

2.  Washington  had  proved  himself  a  competent  General,  yet,  when 


154  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

appointed  to  the  position  of  Commander-in-chief,  he  said,  with  great 
modesty,  "  I  do  not  think  myself  equal  to  the  command." 

3.  As  Great  Britain  refused  to  repeal  or  modify  the  "Orders  in 
Council,"  war  was  declared  in  1812. 

4.  Nothing  was  found  to  incommode  the  settlers  in  Massachusetts 
so  much  as  the  lack  of  commodious  habitations. 

364.  Mo'li-OT,  I  rear  or  build.     Moli't-US,  rearing 

or  building. 

1.  DEMOLITION,™. destruction.  |  DEMOL'ISH,  v.  to  destroy  (78). 
1.  The  demolition  of  Faneuil  Hall,  or  an  attempt  to  modernize  it, 
would  seern  a  sacrilege. 

365.  Moll-is,  soft. 


1.  EMOL'LIENT,  n.  that  which 
assuages. 


MOL'LIFY,  v.  to  assuage ;   to 
soften  (140-4). 


1.  While  the  attendants  of  King were  applying  some  unctuous 

substance,  as  an  emollient,  it  took  fire,  and  enveloped  him  in  flames. 
He  soon  expired,  in  great  torment. 

366.  Mo'n-CO,  I  put  in  mind  ;  I  warn.     Moriit-um, 
to  put  in  mind  ;  to  warn. 


1.  MON'ITOR,  n.  one  who  puts 

in  mind. 
1.  SUM'MON,  v.  to  call. 

ADMON'ISH,  v.  to  remind  of 

a  fault  (76-2). 


PREMON'ITORY,  a.  giving  warn- 
ing beforehand  (170-1). 

MON'UMENT,?Z.  memorial  (345). 

ADMONITION,  n.  warning 
(360-2). 


1.  In  the  Lancasterian  method  of  education,  a  monitor  is  employed 
to  summon  the  classes  to  their  exercises. 

367.  Mans  (morit-is),  a  mountain. 


1.  PAR' AMOUNT,  a.  superior. 
AMOUNT',  n.  the  sum  total 
of  several  quantities  (86-2). 


MOUNT' AiN,n.a high  hill (15-1). 
SURMOUNT',  v.  to  rise   above 
(139-2). 


1.  Moral  science  (or  ethics)  teaches,  that  the  duty  we  owe  to  God  is 
paramount  to  any  duty  imposed  by  man. 

368.  Moristr-o,  I  show.    Monstra't-um,  to  show. 


DEMONSTRATE,  v.  make  evi- 
dent (140-8). 

MON'STER,  n.  anything  hor- 
rible from  ugliness  (216-6). 


REMON'STRATE,  v.  to  expostu- 
late (179-2). 

MON'STROUS,  a.  horrible  (434- 
3). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


155 


369.  Mor'b-us,  a  disease. 
MOR'BIDLY,  adv.  in  a  diseased  manner  (216-2). 

370.  Morrd-eo,  I  bite.    Mor's-um,  to  bite. 

1.  MOR'SEL,  n.   a  small  por-   REMORSE',   n.   sense   of  guilt 

tion.  (216-3). 

1.  The  missionaries  in  China  could  give  but  a  morsel  to  each  sufj 
ferer,  yet  it  was  some  relief  in  the  terrible  famine  of  1878. 


371.  Mors   (mor't-is),    death, 
dying. 


Moriburid-us, 


1.  MORIBUND,  a.  dying. 

2.  MORT'GAGE,  n.  the  state  of 
being  pledged. 

3.  MOR'TALLY,  adv.  fatally. 

4.  MOR'TIFY,  v.  to  humble. 
IMMOR'TAL,  a.  exempt  from 

death  (148-2). 


MOR'TAL,  a.  deadly  (118-2). 
MORTALITY,  n.   death   (164- 

i). 

IMMOR'TALIZE,  v.  to  make  im- 
mortal (186-2). 

MORTIFICA'TION,  n.  (facio,) 
vexation  (71-2). 


1.  Edward  III.,  when  in  a  moribund  condition,  had  no  friend  to 
solace  him. 

2.  Capitalists  loan  money  on  mortgage  if  the  security  is  good. 

3.  To  mortally  wound  a  person,  with  malice  prepense,  is  a  capital 
crime,  in  most  civilized  countries. 

4.  Wayne  determined  to  vindicate  his  honor,  and  to  mortify  the 
British,  for  his  defeat  at  Paoli. 

372.  Mas  (mo'r-is),  custom ;  practice. 


DEMORALIZE,  v.  to  render  cor- 
rupt in  morals  (139-2). 
MOR'AL,  a.  pertaining  to  right 


MORAL'ITY,  n.  correctness  of 

life  (156-3). 
IMMOR'AL,    a.    not    virtuous 

(179-2). 


and  wrong  (8-2). 

373.  Mo've-o,  I  move.    JHo't-um,  to  move. 

His,  easily  moved  ;  excitable. 


MoV- 


COMMO'TTON,  n.  tumult  (191). 
EMO'TION,   n.  disturbance   of 

mind  (68-3). 

MO'TIVE,  n.  inducement  (11). 
MOVE'MENT,   n.    motion    (68- 

3). 
REMOTE',  a.  distant  (74-1). 


MOB/  n.  a  riotous  multitude 

(77-1). 
PROMO'TION,  n.   advancement 

(86-2). 
PROMO'TIVE,  a.  tending  to  ad« 

vance  (168-1). 
PROMOTE'  (see  page  33). 


156 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


374.  MuTt-US,  many. 
1.  MUL'TIFORM,    a.    (forma,) 
having  many  forms. 
MUL'TITUDE,  n.  a  great  num- 
ber (359-3). 
MULTIPLY,  v.  (plico,)  to  take 


one  quantity  as  many  times 
as  there  are  units  in  another 
quantity  (348). 
MULTIFA'RIOUS,  a.  (fari,)  di- 
versified (214-7). 


1.  To  those  who  scrutinize  closely,  Nature,  in  every  department,  ex- 
hibits multiform  beauties. 

375.  Murid-US,  the  earth,  the  world. 
1.  MUN'DANE,  a.  earthly. 

1.  We  hold  every  mundane  treasure  by  a  very  precarious  tenure. 

376.  Mu'ni-o,  I  fortify.    Muni't-um,  to  fortify. 


AMMUNITIONS,  materials  used 
in  war  (35-6). 


MUNI'TIONS,  n.  materials  used 
in  war  (75-5). 


377.  Mu'n-us  (mu'ner-is),  an  office,  a  gift ;  duty. 


n. 


(facio,) 


1.  MUNIFICENCE, 
liberality. 

2.  MUNICIPAL,  a.  (capio),  per- 
taining to  a  city. 

3.  COMMUNICATIVE, a.  ready  to 
impart  knowledge. 

4.  IMMUNITIES,    n.    peculiar 
privileges. 


5.  KEMU'NERATE,  v.  to  repay. 


COM'MON,  a.  usual  (23). 

COMMU'NICATE,  v.  to  impart 
(86-2). 

COMMUNITY,  n.  society  (11- 
5). 

KEMUNERA'TION,  n.  recom- 
pense (62-1). 

1.  The  munificence  of  Mr.  Peabody  confers  innumerable  blessings 
on  the  poor  of  London,  and  keeps  many  from  pauperism. 

2.  One  of  the  most  important  duties  devolving  upon  municipal 
authorities,  is  to  provide  an  abundant  supply  of  water. 

3.  The  first  adventurers  to  the  New  World  found  the  Indians  friendly 
and  communicative. 

4.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  the  privileges  and 
immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

5.  The  United  States  made  arrangements  to  remunerate  Spain  for 
the  cession  of  Florida,  in  1821. 

378.  Mu'r-us,  a  wall. 


1.  IMMURED', 
oned. 
1.  "  Why  was  Casper  Hauser  i/mmured  from  infancy  to  manhood  ?  " 


part,     impris-  2.  MU'RAL,  a.  pertaining  to  a 
wall. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  157 

"Why  was  he  not  allowed  to  mingle  with  his  fellow-men?"  are  ques- 
tions on  which  many  have  speculated. 

2.  A  tnural  tablet  on  a  building  in  Philadelphia,  declares  it  to  be 
the  place  in  which  George  Washington  and  John  Adams  were  inaugu- 
rated. 

379.  ]MLu's-a,  a  muse  ;  a  song.     Mu'sica.  music. 


1.  MU'SES,  n.  goddesses,  in  an- 
cient mythology,  who  pre- 
sided over  the  liberal  arts. 


Mu'sic,  n.  melody  (199-2). 
MUSI'CIAN,  n.  one   skilled  in 
music  (92-3). 


1.  Castalia  was  a  fountain  sacred  to  the  Nine  M.IISCS,  Calliope, 
Cli'o,  Er'ato,  Euter'pe,  Melpom/ene,  Polyhymnia,  Terpsich/ore,  Thali'a. 
Ura'nia. 

380.  Mu't-0,  I  change.     Muta't-um,  to  change. 


1.  IMMU'TABLE,  a.  unchange- 
able. 

COMMITTED,  part,  changed 
'(10-2). 


MUTABIL'ITY,  n.  quality  of  be- 
ing subj  ect  to  change(334-2) . 

TRANSMUTE',  v.  to  change  from 
one  nature  to  another  (473). 


1.  The  Medes  and  Persians  boasted  that  their  laws  were  immu- 
table, yet  not  a  vestige  of  them  remains  at  the  present  day. 

381.  Mu'tu-us,  mutual. 
1.  MU'TUAL,  a.  reciprocal. 

1.  The  connection  of  the  New  and  the  Old  World  by  the  Telegraph, 
has  proved  a  mutual  advantage. 

382.  Nar>r-o9  to  tell,  to  relate. 
1.  NARRA'TION,  n.  story. 

1.  In  the  old-fashioned  hotel,  the  host  assembled  his  guests  around  the 
fire,  to  hear  some  wonderful  narration* 

383.  Nas'c-or,  I  am  born.     Nd't-US,  born. 


1.  NATIV'ITY,  n.  birth. 

INNATE',  a.  inborn  (146-2). 
NAT'URAL,   a.  native   (12- 

1). 

NA'TURE,  n.  essential  qual- 

ity  (4). 


NAT'URALIST,  n.  one  versed  in 
natural  history  (161). 

SUPERNATURAL,  a.  beyond 
nature  (57-5). 

INTERNATIONAL  a.  pertaining 
to  nations  (22-6). 


1.  The  place  of  Homer's  nativity  is  a  doubtful  point : 

"  Seven  cities  contend  for  Homer  dead, 

Through  which  the  living  Homer  begged  his  bread." 
14 


158  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

384.  Na's-us,  the  nose. 

1.  NA'SAL,  a.  relating  to  the  nose. 
1.  Europeans  say  they  can  tell  an  American  by  his  nasal  tones. 

385.  Nau't-a,  a  sailor. 

1.  NAU'TICAL,  a.  pertaining  to  NAU'SEA,  n.  sea-sickness  (180- 

navigation.  3). 

1.  Before  the  invention  of  the  mariner's  compass,  nautical  skill  was 
limited  to  navigable  rivers,  and  the  shores  of  the  ocean. 

386.  Na'v-is,  a  ship.     (See  words  under  Ago.} 
NAVE,  n.  the  aisle  of  a  church,  from  the  choir  to  the  principal 

entrance  (120-4). 

387.  ITec't-O,  I  tie  or  bind.     Ifex'-um,  to  tie  or  bind. 
1.  ANNEXATION,  n.  the  act  of 

connecting. 

1.  The  annexation  of  Texas  was  a  very  unpopular  measure  with  a 
large  party  in  the  North. 

388.  Nefa!ri-us,  wicked. 
NEFA'RIOUS,  a.  extremely  wicked  (389-2). 

389.  Ne'g-o,  I  deny.    Nega!t-um9  to  deny. 


CONNEC'TION,  n.  joining  (381). 
CONNECT'  (see  page  33). 


1.  NEGA'TION,  n.  denial. 

2.  REN'EGADE,  n.  an  apostate. 
BENI'AL,  n.  refusal  (120-2). 


NEGATIVE,  a.  implying  denial 

(124-2). 
DENY',  v.  declare  untrue  (310). 


1.  Two  negatives  in  the  same  sentence  are  improper,  if  intended  to  ex- 
press the  same  negation. 

2.  Richard  III.  employed  any  renegade  to  carry  out  his  nefarious 
plans. 

390.  Neu'ter  (nen'tr-um),  neither. 

NEU'TRAL,  a.  not  engaged  on  NEUTRALIZE,  v.  to  destroy  pe- 
either  side  (75-5).  culiar  properties  (699-2). 

391.  Ni'hil,  nothing. 

ANNIHILATION,  n.  the  being  reduced  to  nothing  (148-2). 

392.  No'ce-O,  I  hurt ;  I  harm.     Nox'i-US,  hurtful. 


1.  IN'NOCENT,    a.    free    from 
guilt. 


2.  NUI'SANCE,  n.  that  which 
incommodes. 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES. 


159 


3.  OBNOX'IOUS,  a.  offensive.       Nox'ious,    a.    hurtful    (349- 
IN'NOCENCE,^.  purity  (30-3).       2). 

1.  In  Germany,  during  the  16th  century,  more  than  100,000  inno- 
cent persons  suffered  death  for  witchcraft. 

2.  Scholars  should  be  ashamed  of  conduct  which  makes  a  school-house 
a  nuisance. 

3.  George  III.  found  it  impossible  to  make  obnoxious  laws  opera- 
tive in  the  American  Colonies. 


393.  Nor'm-a9  a  rule  or  pattern. 


1.  NOE/MAL,  a.  according  to 
established  principles. 

2.  ABNOR'MAL,  a.  not  natural. 


ENOR'MITY,  n.  excessive  great- 
ness (42-1). 
ENOK'MOUS,  a.  huge  (180-7). 


1.  A  good  Normal  School  is  essential  to  the  existence  of  good  Com- 
mon Schools. 

2.  A  physician  must  study  the  body  in  a  healthy  or  normal  state,  to 
know  when  it  is  abnormal. 


394.  Nos'c-O,  I  know.     No't-um,  to  know.     Nob'il- 

is9  of  high  birth.    No'mevi  (nom'in-is),  a  name. 


1.  NOTORIOUS,  a.  remarkable. 

2.  RECONNOI'TKING,  part,  sur- 
veying. 

3.  NOM'INAL,  a.  in  name  only. 
DENOMINATION,  n.  religious 

sect  (75-12). 

ENNO'BLE,  v.  to  raise  to  the 
nobility  (143-3). 
IG'NOMINY,  n.  dishonor  (39). 
NOMINATE,  v.  to  name  for 
appointment  (94-1). 


NO'TIFY,  v.   to   make   known 

(34). 
REC'OGNIZE,  v.  to  remember  as 

previously  known  (313-2). 
NO'TICE,  v.  to  regard  (143-3). 
NOMINATION,  n.  the  act  of 

naming  (94-1). 
NO'BLE,  a.  exalted  (159-1). 
MISNO'MER,,    n.    an    incorrect 

name  (467-2). 
NoBii/iTY,n.the  peerage  (260). 


1.  Captain  Kidd,  a  notorious  pirate,  was  at  one  time  the  terror  of 
sailors. 

2.  General  Marion,  a  noted  partisan  of  South  Carolina,  was  invaluable 
for  reconnoitring. 

3.  The  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  (aks-la-sha-pell7)  was  but  a   tem- 
porary suspension  of  hostilities  ;  the  peace  proved  to  be  only  nom- 
inal, especially  where  there  was  not  a  full  complement  of  regular 
troops. 


160 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


395.  No'v-us,  new. 

1.  INNOVATION,  n.  introduc- 
tion of  something  new. 

2.  REN'OVATE,  v.  to  make  new. 
NOV'ICE,  n.  one   new  in  a 

business  (167-4). 


NOV'ELS,    n.    fictitious    tales 

(204-2). 

NOV'EL,  a.  unusual  (457). 
NOV'ELTY,  n.  a  new  or  strange 

thing  (7-4). 


1.  Walter  Scott,  when  insolvent,  wrote  a  series  of  historical  novels, 
which  were  a  great  innovation  on  the  literature  of  that  period. 

2.  One  of  the  "Labors  of  Hercules"  was  to  renovate  and  cleanse 
from  all  that  was  odious  an  i  repugnant,  the  Augean  stables. 


396.  Nox  (noc't-is),  night. 


EQUINOC'TIAL,  a.  (sequus,)  per- 
taining  to  the  equinoxes  ;  n. 
the  celestial  equator  (320). 


1.  NOCTUR'NAL,  a.  nightly. 

2.  E'QUINOX,  n.  (sequus,)  the 
time  when  the  sun   enters 
the  equinoctial  point. 

1.  Nothing  is  so  certain  to  eradicate  the  belief  in  spectres  and  noc- 
turnal visitants  as  education. 

2.  At  the  equinox,  the  night  is  everywhere  twelve  hours  long. 

397.  Nu'b-o,  I  marry.    Nup't-um,  to  marry. 
NUP'TIALS,  n.  marriage  ceremonies  (465-3).  '    / 

398.  Nu'd-us,  naked. 

1.  DENUDE',  v.  make  bare.        |  NU'DITY,  n.  nakedness  (22-3). 
1.  When  the  cold  blasts  from  the  north  denude  the  trees,  we  should 
have  sympathy  with  those  who  are  poor  and  suffering. 

399.  Null-US,  no  one. 
1.  NUL'LIFY,  v.  to  render  of 

no  force. 


2.  NUL'LITY,  n.  that  which  is 
void  in  law. 


1.  The  "  Non-Intercourse  Act,"  was  designed  to  nullify  the  Act, 
which  imposed  a  duty  on  tea,  glass,  paper,  painters'  colors,  etc. 

2.  The  Charter  of  Massachusetts  was  declared  a  nullity,  in  1684,  by 
Charles  II. 


400.  Nu'mer-us,  a  number. 


1.  SUPERNUMERARIES,  n.  per- 
sons beyond  the  usual  num- 
ber. 

2.  ENU'MERATE,  v.  to  number ; 
to  compute. 


INNUMERABLE,  a.  too  many  to 

be  counted  (377-1). 
NUMERICAL,  a.  pertaining  to 

numbers  (75-12). 
NuM'BERS,n.multitudes  (62-1). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES  161 

1.  Where  large  numbers  of  laborers  are  employed,  it  is  common  to  have 
several  supernumeraries. 

2.  It  is  impossible  to  enumerate  the  benefits  resulting  from  the 
Centennial  celebration. 

401.  Nurid-O,  I  announce.     Nuncia't-um,  to  an- 
nounce. 

1.  RENOUNCE',  v.  to  disown. 

2.  NUN'CIO,  n.  ambassador. 


ENUNCIA'TION,  n.  utterance 
(321-1). 


ANNOUNCING,  part,  proclaim- 
ing (47-2). 
ANNOUNCE'  (see  page-  39). 
PRONOUNCED',  v.  uttered  (140). 


1.  Such  was  the  odium  attached  to  the  name  of  Quaker,  that  Admiral 
Penn  determined  to  renounce  his  son  for  professing  their  principles. 

2.  Wolsey  and  the  Pope's  nuncio  were  appointed  to  try  the  question 
of  the  divorce  of  Henry  VIII. 

402.  Nu'tri-O,  to  nourish. 

1.  NUTRI'TIOUS,  a.  nourish- 
ing. 

1.  NOURISHING, a.  nutritious; 
promoting  growth. 


2.  NURSE',  n.  one  who  tends 
or  nourishes. 

NU'TRIMENT,  n.  that  which 
nourishes  (241-7). 


1.  The  most  nutritious  or  nourishing  food  comes  from  cereals, 
wheat,  rye,  etc. 

2.  Every  nurse  should  have  a  knowledge  of  the  regimen  suitable  for 
the  sick. 

403.  Nux  (nu'c-is),  a  nut. 

NU'CLEUS,  n.  the  central  portion  about  which  matter  is  gath- 
ered (147-3). 

404.  Obliv'io  (oblivi'on-is),  forgetfulness. 
1.  OBLIV'ION,  n.  the  state  of  being  forgotten. 

1.  Stone  pillars  and  monuments  were  instituted  to  prevent  important 
acts  from  passing  into  oblivion. 

405.  Oc'ul-US,  the  eye. 


1.  INOC'ULATE,  v.  to  insert  in- 
fectious matter. 


2.  OC'ULAR,  a.   perceived   by 
the  eye. 


1.  In  the  spring  of  1777,  Washington  determined  to  inoculate  his 
army  with  the  small-pox. 

2.  The  sailors  were  on  the  point  of  mutiny,  when  they  had  ocular 
demonstration  that  they  were  approaching  land. 

14*  L 


162 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


406.  OVW,  Itate.. 
O'DIOUS,   a.   causing    hatred ; 


offensive  (395-2). 

407.  O'dor,  a  scent,  perfume. 
O'DOR,  n.  scent ;  any  smell  (220). 

408.  O'l-eo,  I  emit  odor ;  I  grow. 

odor,  to  grow. 


O'DIUM,  n.  dislike;    offensive- 
ness  (401-1). 


Ol'it-um,  to  emit 


1.  OLFAC'TORY,  a.  (facio,)  per- 
taining to  the  sense  of  smell- 
ing. 

2.  OB'SOLETE,  a.  grown  out  of 
use. 

3.  ADULT',   n.    one    who   has 
reached  mature  age. 


ABOLITION,  n.  utter  destruc- 
tion (7-2). 

KED'OLENT,  a.  diffusing  a 
sweet  scent  (followed  by  of) 
(220). 

ABOL'ISH,  v.  utterly  destroy 
(661). 


1.  The  olfactory  nerves  are  very  sensitive  in  birds  of  prey. 

2.  Shakespeare  wrote  three  hundred  years  ago,  and  many  of  his  words 
are  now  obsolete. 

3.  The  bones  of  an  adult  are  much  more  brittle  than  those  of  a  child. 


409.  Om!n-is,  every ;  all. 

OMNIPOTENT,  a.  (potens,)  hav- 
ing all  power  (75-14). 

OMNIPRESENT^,  (sum,)  every- 
where present  (205-5). 


OMNI' SCIENT,  a.  (scio,)  having 
infinite  knowledge  (205-5). 

OMNIV'OEOUS,  a.  (voro,)  eating 
everything  (706). 


410.  O'n-US  (orier-is),  a  burden. 


1.  ON'EROUS,  a.  burdensome ; 


EXONERATE,  v.  to   exculpate 


oppressive.  (669-3). 

1.  Pitt,  with  all  his  onerous  duties,  found  time  to  investigate  the 
cause  of  the  reverses  in  America,  and  to  plan  a  successful  campaign. 

411.  O'pus  (o'per-is),  work.    Opera't-us,  working. 


1.  INOP'ERATIVE,  a.  not   pro- 
ducing effects. 

2.  OP'ERATE,  v.  to  produce  ef- 
fects. 


COOP'ERATE,  v.  to  act  together 

(413). 
OPERA'TION,  n.  action  ;  the  act 

of  operating  (157). 


1.  The  extraordinary  powers  granted  to  the  President,  by  the  Alien 
and  Sedition  Acts,  rendered  them  inoperative. 

2.  With  the  ordinary  covering,  the  telegraphic  wire  is  not  likely  to 
operate  under  water. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  163 

412.  Opi'n-or,  I  think  ;  I  imagine. 
OPIN'ION,  n.  judgment  (478-1). 

413.  Op't-o,  I  wish.    Opta't-um,  to  wish. 

1.  OP'TION,  n.  choice.  |  ADOPT'  (see  page  34). 

1.  Unless  James  II.  could  have  induced  Louis  XIV.  of  France  to  co- 
operate with  him  in  a  civil  war,  he  had  no  option,  but  was  compelled 
to  abdicate. 

414.  Or'b-tS,  a  circle  ;  a  circular  body.     Or'bit-Cl,  the 

track  of  a  rolling  body. 


1.  EXORBITANT,   a.   extrava- 
gant. 


2.  OR'BIT,  n.  path  of  a  planet. 

3.  ORB,  n.  a  sphere. 


1.  For  such  a  tract  of  land  as  the  Louisiana  Territory,  $15,000,000  was 
not  an  exorbitant  price. 

2.  Astronomy  teaches  us,  that  the  OTbit  of  the  earth  is  oval,  and  that 
the  earth  is  nearer  the  sun  in  winter  than  in  summer. 

3.  The  Sun  is  an  immense  orb,  whose  volume  is  1,400,000  times  as 
great  as  that  of  the  earth. 

415.  Or'd-o  (or? din-is),  order. 

1.  ORDINANCE,  n.  law. 

2.  INSUBORDINATION,  n.   dis- 
obedience to  lawful  author- 
ity. 

1.  It  was  natural  to  suppose,  that  an  ordinance  imposing  a  restric- 
tion on  business,  would  eventually  lead  to  rebellion. 

2.  Braddock  thought  it  showed  insubordination,  to  express  any 
doubt  as  to  the  expediency  of  his  plans. 

3.  Ostentation  and  inordinate  love  of  dress,  have  induced  many 
persons  to  steal. 

416.  O'ri-or,  I  rise ;  I  spring  from.    Ori'g-o  (orig'- 

in-is)9  beginning. 


3.  INORDINATE,  a.  excessive. 
OR'DER,n.command  (124-2). 
OR'DINARY,  a.  in  the  usual 
manner  (411-2). 


1.  ORIGIN  AL'ITY,  n.  the  qual- 
ity of  being  original. 

1.  EXOR'DIUM,  n.  a  formal  in- 
troduction. 

2.  ORIGINALLY,  a.  at  first. 


3.  ORIGINATE,  v.  to  bring  into 


existence. 


ORIEN'TAL,«.  eastern  (64-1). 
ORIGINATED,  v.  brought 
into  existence  (167-5). 


1.  If  an  orator  has  eloquence  and  originality,  whether  his  discourse 
has  an  exordium  and  &  peroration  or  not,  it  is  heard  with  interest. 


164  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

2.  If  the  Indians  of  North  America  originally  came  across  the  "  big 
water,"  it  is  an  argument  for  the  unity  of  the  human  race. 

3.  A  very  trifling  circumstance  led  Rowland  Hill  to  originate  the 

system  of  penny  postage. 

417.  Or'n-o,  I  embellish.    Orna't-um,  to  embellish. 


1.  OBNATE',   a.  highly  orna- 
mented. 

2.  SUBOBN',  v.  to  cause  to  take 
a  false  oath. 


OB'NAMENT,  n.  embellishment 
(89). 

ADOBNED',  part,   ornamented 
(477-3). 


1.  Many  of  the  cathedrals  in  England  are  exceedingly  ornate  ;  the 
most  elevated  portions  reveal  the  handiwork  of  the  sculptor. 

2.  It  was  easy  for  Henry  VIII.  to  suborn  bad  men  to  bring  charges 
against  his  wife. 

418.  O'r-O,  I  pray  ;  I  ask.     Ora't-um,  to  pray  ;  to  ask. 


1.  OB'ATOBY,  n.  eloquence. 

2.  OB'ISONS,  n.  prayers  or  sup- 
plications. 

ADOBA'TION,  n.  worship  (64- 

3). 

INEX'OBABLE,  a.  not  to  be 
moved  by  entreaty  (39). 


OBA'TION,  n.  a  formal  speech 
(64-3). 

OB'ATOB,  n.  a  public  speaker 
(18-2). 

PEBOBA'TION,™.  the  final  sum- 
ming up  of  a  speech  (416-1). 

ADOBE'  (see  page  34). 


1.  The  orations  of  Cicero  are  still  extant,  and  are  regarded  as  models 
to  be  studied  by  all  who  would  excel  in  oratory. 

2.  Amid  the  snows  of  Valley  Forge,  Washington  offered  his  devout 
orisons  for  the  sanction  of  a  just  God  upon  his  undertaking. 

419.  OS  (os's-is),  a  bone. 

1.  OSSIFICA'TION,  n.  (facio,)  turning  to  bone. 
1.  Heart-disease  is  sometimes  occasioned  by  the  ossification  of  one 

of  the  valves. 

420.  (yti-um,  ease. 

NEGO'TIATE,  v.  to  establish  by  NEGO'TIATING,JP.  procuring  by 
agreement  (35-1).  mutual  agreement  (464-3). 

421.  O'v-um,  an  egg. 
O'VAL,  a.  egg-shaped  (414-2). 

422.  Pac't-US,  stipulated ;  agreed. 

1.  COMPACT',  a.  firmly  united.  |  2.  COM'PACT,  n.  bargain. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  165 

1.  Jackson  defended  New  Orleans  by  ramparts  of  cotton,  which  were 
so  compact  as  to  be  impenetrable  to  cannon-balls. 

2.  Many  attempts  have  been  made  to  disparage  the  character  of  Osceola 
for  veracity ;  but  he  always  declared  that  the  compact  to  remove  was 
made  without  his  knowledge. 

423.  Pa'g-us,  a  village. 
1.  PA'GANISM,  n.  heathenism. 
1.  Even  in  paganism  man  has  a  desire  to  expiate  his  sin. 


424.  Pal'li-um,  a  cloak. 
PALL,  n.  a   covering  for   the 
dead  (68-3). 


PAL'LIATE,  v.  extenuate ;  cover 
with  excuse  (57-1). 


425.  Parid-o,  I  lay  open.     Paris-urn,  to  lay  open. 


1.  EXPANSION,  n.  the  act  of 
expanding ;  enlarging. 
EXPAN'SIVE,  a.   expanding 
(490). 


EXPAND',  v.  enlarge ;  to  open 

(43-1). 
EXPANSE',  n.  wide  extent  (75- 

13). 


1.  Montgolfier,  the  first  aeronaut,  made  many  attempts  to  effect  the 
expansion  of  the  first  balloon. 

426.  Pa!n-is,  bread. 

ACCOM'PANY,  v.  go  with  (112).  |  COM'PANY,  n.  association  (112). 

427.  Par  (pa'r-is),  equal ;  like. 


1.  PEER' AGE,  n.  the  rank  of  a 
peer. 
PEEK,  n.  a  nobleman  (127). 


DISPARAGE,  v.  to  vilify  (422-2). 
DISPARITY,  n.  inequality  (169). 
COMPARE'  (see  page  34). 


1.  The  peerage  of  England  includes  five  degrees:  Baron,  Viscount, 
Earl,  Marquis,  and  Duke. 

428.  Pa'r-eo,  I  am  present.   Par'it-um,  to  be  present. 


1.  APPARI'TION,  n.  ghost. 

2.  TRANSPARENT, a.  admitting 
the  passage  of  light. 


APPEAR'ANCE,  n.  a  coming  into 

sight  (35-3). 
APPEAR'  (see  page  39). 


1.  An  apparition  is  not  often  visible  in  a  well-lighted  house  inhab- 
ited by  educated  people. 

2.  Our  comfort  is  greatly  increased  by  the  use  of  a  substance  which  is 
transparent,  and  yet  impervious  to  the  air. 


166 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


429.  Pa'r-io,  I  bring  forth.     Par't-um,  to  bring  forth. 


PAR'ENT,?I.  a  father  or  mother 
(145). 

PARENT' AL,  a.  relating  to  par- 
ents (145). 

430.  Pd'r-O,  I  prepare. 
1.  REPARATION,    n.    restitu- 
tion. 

1.  PREPARED',  v.  made  ready. 

2.  APPAR'EL,  n.  clothing. 
APPARA'TUS,  n.  implements 


PAR'RICIDE,  ^.(csedo,)  the  kill- 
ing of  a  parent  (57-4). 

PAR'ENTAGE,  n.  birth  ;  extrac- 
tion (544-3). 

Para!t-um,9  to  prepare, 
for    a    particular    business 

(359-2). 
SEPARATION,  n.  disconnection 

(11-9). 
SEV'ERAL,  a.  divers  (82-1). 


1.  As  France  refused  to  make  reparation  for  the  depredation  on 
our  commerce,  the  United  States  prepared  for  war. 

2.  Some  of  the  apparel  and  household  utensils  of  Stephen  Girard 
are  deposited  in  Girard  College,  Philadelphia. 

431.  Pars  (par't-is),  a  part.    Por't-io,  a  share. 


1.  PARTITION,  n.  division. 

APART'MENT,  n.  a  room 
(206). 

IMPAR'TIAL,  a.  not  favoring 
either  side  (57). 

PAR'TICLE,  n.  a  little  por- 


PAR'TISAN,  n.  an  adherent  of 

a  party  (394-2). 
PROPOR'TION,  n.  equal  or  just 

share  (66-2). 
POR'TION,  n.  part  (27-1). 
PART',  n.  portion  (27-1). 
IMPART',  v.  to  bestow  (98-1). 


tion  (21-5). 

1.  To  induce  the  men  on  board  of  a  privateer  to  exert  themselves,  there 
is  usually  a  partition  of  the  prize, 

432.  Pas'c-o,  I  feed.    Pas't-um,  to  feed. 


1.  PAS'TORAL,  a.  rural. 

2.  PAST'URE,  n.  grazing. 


2.  PAS'TOR,^.  a  minister  having 
the  care  of  a  congregation. 

1.  David,  "  the  sweet  singer  of  Israel,"  Burns,  and  many  others  whom 
we  love  to  extol,  spent  their  youth  in  pastoral  occupations. 

2.  As  early  as  1638,  the  narrow  limits  of  the  Plymouth  Colony  seemed 
to  circumscribe  the  settlers  to  such  a  degree,  that  Pastor  Davenport  and 
others  determined  to  settle  on  the  fertile  pasture  lands  of  Connecticut. 

433.  Pcts's-US,  a  pace,  a  step. 


COM'PASS,  n.  an  instrument 
having  a  magnetized  needle 
turning  to  the  north  (288-2). 


UNSURPASSED',  a.   unexcelled 

(295). 
PASSED,  v.  crossed  (528), 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


167 


434.  Pa't~er  (patr-is),  a  father.  Patfria,  one's  na- 
tive country. 


1.  PAT'RIMONY,  n.  inheritance. 

2.  PA'TRONAGE,  n.  special  sup- 
port. 

3.  PATRI'CIAN,  n.  one  of  the 
nobility  of  Rome ;  one  who 
was  not  a  plebeian. 


PA'TRJOT,   n.   a  lover  of  his 

country  (105-2). 
COMPATRIOT,   n.   one   of    the 

same  country  (50-1). 
EXPATRIATE,  v.  to  banish  from 

one's  country  (57-3). 


1.  The  patrimony  of  General  Van  Rensselaer  comprised  a  territory 
in  New  York,  forty-eight  miles  long  and  twenty-one  broad. 

2.  The  patronage  of  Benjamin  Franklin  was  extended  to  any  poor 
young  man  whose  aspiration  for  something  higher  led  him  to  apply  for 
aid. 

3.  At  one  time,  a  patrician  of  Rome  held  the  monstrous  doctrine, 
that  a  plebeian  had  no  rights  that  any  one  was  bound  to  respect. 

435.  Pa!ti-or9 1  suffer.  Pas's-us,  suffering. 
1.  DISPASSIONATE,  a.  calm. 

1.  COMPATIBLE,  a.  consistent 

with. 

COMPAS'SION,  n.  pity  (47-1). 

1.  A  dispassionate  and  sedate  temper  is  perfectly  compatible 
with  great  energy  and  activity. 

436.  Pax  (pa'c-is),  peace. 

APPEASE',  v.  to  pacify  (303). 
PACIF'IC,    a.    (facio,)    peace- 
making (66-5). 

437.  Pau'per,  poor. 
PAUPERISM,  n.  indigence  (377- 

1). 
POOR,  a.  needy  (246-1). 


IMPA'TIENT,  a.  uneasy  (240-1). 
PA'TIENT,  n.  an   invalid  (65- 

15). 
PA'TiENCE,n.endurance(38-2). 


PAC'IFY,  v.  to  quiet  (222-1). 
PEACE,  n.  quiet ;  a   state   of 
tranquillity  (22-5). 


POV'ERTY,  w.  state  of  being  poor 

(143-4). 
POOR,  n.  the  indigent  (377-1). 


438.  Pec't-us  (pec'tor-is),  the  breast. 


of     discharging 
lungs. 


from    the 


1.  PAR'APET,  n.  breast- work. 

2.  EXPECTORA'TION,  n.  the  act 

1.  In  1776,  Sergeant  Jasper  jumped  over  the  parapet 9  amid  a  volley 
of  shot,  and  replaced  the  flag  on  Fort  Moultrie. 

2.  Lobelia,  or  Indian  tobacco,  has  often  been  used  to  produce  expec- 
toration. 


168 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


439.  Pecu'li-um,  money.     Pecil'ni-d,  money. 

PEC'ULATE,  v.  to  steal  public  !  PECU'NIARY,     a.    relating    to 
property  (180-7).  money  (180-7). 

440.  Pell-o,  I  call.    Pella't-um,  to  call. 
APPEALS', n.  entreaties  (214-1).  |  REPEAL',  v.  to  rescind  (181-2). 

441.  Pel!l-09  I  drive.     Pul's-um,  to  drive. 


1.  COMPUL'SOKY,  a.  forcible. 
EXPUL'SION,  n.  driving  out 
(75-11). 

IMPUL'SIVE,  a.  acting  from 
impulse  (118-2). 
COMPELLED',  v.  constrained ; 
forced  (589). 


REPUL'SIVE,  a.  forbidding ;  re- 
pelling (64-6). 

REPUL'SIVENESS,  n.  the  qual- 
ity of  being  forbidding  (9). 

REPEL'  (see  page.  34). 

EXPEL'  (see  page  34). 

IMPEL'  (see  page  34). 


1.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  "  have  compulsory 
process  for  obtaining  witnesses  ;  "  this  is  effected  by  means  of  a  subpoena, 
a  writ  commanding  one  to  appear  in  court,  which  cannot  be  disregarded. 

442.  Perid-eo,  I  hang.    Peri  sum,  to  hang. 


1.  PEN'DULUM,  n.  a  vibrating 
body. 

2.  PKOPEN'SITY,  n,  inclination. 

3.  APPEN'DIX,    n.    something 
added  at  the  end. 

INDEPENDENCE,  n.  state  of 
not  being  subject  to  (14-4). 


PERPENDIC'ULAK,  a.  at  right 
angles  to  a  given  line  (522-6). 

PREPENSE',  a.  premeditated 
(371-3). 

SUSPEND',  v.  to  hang  (146-3). 

SUSPENSION,  n.  interruption 
(75-9). 


1.  The  length  of  a  yard-stick  is  determined  by  the  pendu lum  of  a 
clock. 

2.  Cattle  have  such  a  propensity  for  salt,  that  they  will  go  a  great 
distance  to  obtain  it. 

3.  In  some  books,  difficult  or  important  points  are  placed  in  a  com- 
pendious form,  in  an  appendix. 

443.  Perid-o,  I  weigh,  I  pay  out.    Peris-um,  to 

weigh,  to  pay  out. 


1.  PEN'SION,  n.  stated  allow- 
ance for  past  services. 
COMPEN'DIOUS,  a.   compre- 
hensive (442-3). 


COMPENSATE,  v.  to  give  an 
equivalent  for  (222). 

REC'OMPENSE,  n.  reward,  com- 
pensation (86-2). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


169 


1.  Every  Government  ought  to  appreciate  the  services  of  those  wounded 
in  its  defense,  and  grant  a  pension  or  annuity  which  will  enable  them 
to  live  in  tranquillity  and  comfort. 

444.  Pe'ne,  almost. 

1.  PENIN'SULAS,   n.    (insula,) 
bodies  of  land  nearly  sur- 
rounded by  water. 

2.  PE'NULT,  PENUL'TIMATE,  n. 
(ultimus,)  the  last  syllable 


but  one  ;  almost  the  last  syl- 
lable. 

2.  ANTEPENULT',  ANTEPE- 
NUL'TIMATE,  n.  (ultimus,) 
the  last  syllable  but  two. 

1.  It  is  a  fact  that  nearly  all  peninsulas  point  southward. 

2.  The  ancient  city  of  Alexandria  has  the  accent  on  the  penult,  the 
modern  on  the  antepenult,  Alexandria. 


445.  Perietr-o,  I  pierce. 
1.  PENETRA'TION,??,.  acuteness. 


PEN'ETKATE, 
(169-6). 


v.   to    pierce 


IMPENETRABLE,  a.  not  pierce- 
able ;  incapable  of  being 
penetrated  (422-1). 


1.  Had  Charles  I.  possessed  any  penet  rat  ion,  it  would  have  led  him 
to  expedite  the  departure  of  such  a  troublesome  malcontent  as  Cromwell. 

446.  Pceni't-eo,  I  repent.    Pce'na,  punishment. 


.PE'NAL,   a.    enacting   punish- 
ment (57-4). 

PEN'ALTY,  n.  suffering  in  con- 
sequence of  an  act  (82-1). 
repentance 


PEN'ITENCE, 
(293-3). 

447.  Per'i-or,  I  try. 


REPENT',  v.  to  feel  sorrow  for 
what  one  has  done  (152-1). 

PENITEN'TIARY,  n.  a  prison 
(181-1). 

SUBPCE'NA,  n.  a  command  to 


appear  in  court  (441). 
Peri't-US,  trying. 


EXPEDIENCE,  n.  finding  out  by 

trial  (176). 
EXPERT',  a.  practised,  skilful 

(138-3). 


EXPEB/IMENT,  n.  trial  for  the 
purpose  of  finding  out  (221). 

EXPERT'NESS,  n.  skilfulness 
(576-5). 


448.  Persev'er-o,  to  persist  (a  per  and  severus). 

See  Severus. 

449.  Perso'n-a,  a  person. 

1.  PERSON'IFY,  t;.  to  ascribe  life   2.  PER'SONATED,?;. represented 
to  inanimate  objects.  the  character  of. 

15 


170 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


PER'SON,     n.     human     being   PERSONALLY,  adv.  in   person 
(12-1).  (120-1). 

1.  In  most  European  languages,  nouns  are  of  the  masculine  or  feminine 
gender ;  but  in  the  English,  things  without  life  are  all  neuter,  and  this 
enables  us  to  personify  them. 

2.  Alfred  the  Great  personated  a  harper,  and  thus  obtained  access 
to  the  Danish  camp. 

450.  Pes  (pe'd-is),  a  foot. 


1.  PEDES'TRIAN,  n.  a  foot  trav- 
eller. 

QUAD'KUPED,  n.  (quadra,)  a 
four-footed  animal  (173-1). 
Ex'pEDiTE,t;.to  hasten(445). 


EXPEDITION,  n.  an  important 
enterprise  at  a  distance  (35- 

2). 

lMPED'iMENT,n.hindrance(96). 
ExpE'DiENT,w.contrivance(38) 


1.  A  peddler,  especially  if  he  is  &  pedestrian,  has  a  fine  opportu- 
nity to  view  a  country. 

451.  Pe't-o,  I  seek.     Peti't-um,  to  seek. 


1.  Ap'pETiTE,n.  desire  for  food. 

2.  EEPETI'TION,  n.  the  doing 
or  saying  again. 

3.  COMPETITION,  n.  rivalry. 

4.  IMPET'UOUS,  a.  headstrong. 
CoMp'ETENT,a.capable(363- 

2). 


CENTRIP'ETAL,  a.  (centrum,) 
tending  to  the  centre(228-3). 

IM'PETUS,  n.  force  imparted 
(77-2). 

REPEAT',  v.  to  say  or  do  again 
(456-2). 

PET'ULANT.    See  PETULANS. 


1.  The  climate  of  Greenland  gives  the  Esquimaux  an  appetite  which 
enables  him  to  eat  train-oil  and  walrus  flesh  with  voracity. 

2.  Constant  repetition  and  close  attention  form  the  best  "Art  of 
Memorizing." 

3.  The  Navigation  Acts  destroyed  all  competition  in  business,  by 
compelling  the  colonists  to  buy  and  sell  in  England. 

4.  The  impetuous  and  vindictive  character  of  General  Lee  brought 
him  into  many  serious  difficulties. 

452.  Pet'ulans  (petularit-is),  saucy. 
PET'ULANT,  a.  peevish  (64-6). 

453.  PVl-o,  I  pillage,  I  rob. 

1.  PIL'LAGE,  n.  robbing;  the   PIL'FER,  v.  (facio,)  to  steal  by 
act  of  plundering..  petty  theft  (482). 

1.  Many  of  the  Arabs  perform  no  labor,  but  live  entirely  by  pillage. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  171 

454.  Pirig-o,  I  paint.    Pic't-um,  to  paint. 


1.  PICTURESQUE',  a.  forming  a 
pleasing  picture. 

2.  PAINT'ING,  part,  portraying 
in  colors. 


PICTS,  n.  a  tribe  of  Germans 
who  settled  in  Scotland  (125- 
6). 

DEPICT',  v.  picture  (271). 


1.  The  scenery  of  New  Hampshire  is  so  picturesque  that  the  State 
is  called  the  "  Switzerland  of  America." 

2.  Michael  Angelo  (mi'-ka-el  an'-ge-lo)  was  only  twenty  months  in 
painting  the  Sistine  (sis-teen)  Chapel. 

455.  Pi'-O9 1  appease  by  sacrifice.  Pia't-um,  to  appease 

by  sacrifice. 
1.  Ex'piATOKY,a.having  power  EX'PIATE,    v.    to    atone    for 


to  atone. 


(423). 


1.  The  desire  to  offer  expiatory  sacrifices  seems  deeply  implanted 
in  the  human  heart. 

456.  Pi' -US,  pious ;  religious. 

1.  IM'PIOUSLY,  adv.  profanely.  1 2.  Pi' ETY,  n.  religion. 

1.  The  Komans,  knowing  the  antipathy  of  the  Israelites  to  swine,  im- 
piously sacrificed  them  on  the  altar  consecrated  to  the  worship  of  God. 

2.  The  piety  of  the  prophet  Daniel  led  him  to 'repeat  his  prayer  three 
times  a  day,  though  forbidden  by  Darius  (da-ri'-us). 

457.  Pla!c-eo,  I  please.    Plafcit-um,  to  please. 


1.  COMPLA'CENCE,  n.  satisfac- 
tion. 
PLA'CID,  a.  tranquil  (64-5). 


PLEAS'UKE,  n.  satisfaction ;  en- 
joyment (165-1). 
IMPLACABLE.     See  PLACO. 


1.  William  Penn  could  not  but  feel  complacence  at  the  success  of 
his  novel  peace  policy . 

458.  Pla'c-o,  I  appease. 
IMPLA'CABLE,  a.  not  to  be  appeased  (152-2). 

459.  Plarig-o,  I  complain.  Planc't-um,  to  complain. 
COMPLAIN' ANTS,  n.  those  who  complain  (250-7). 

460.  Plarit-a,  a  plant ;  the  sole  of  the  foot.    Plarit-O, 

I  plant.    Plantaft-nm9  to  plant. 
1.  SUPPLANT',  v.  to  displace;  PLANT,  n.  a  vegetable ;  a  young 


to  undermine. 


tree  or  bush  (22-4). 


172 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


PLANTATION,  n.  a  farm  (189). 
TRANSPLANTING,  n.  removing 

and  planting  in  another  place 

(56-7). 


IMPLANT'ED,  v.  infixed ;  set  in 

(455). 

TRANSPLANT'  (see  page  34). 
IMPLANT'  (see  page  34). 


1.  Conway  sent  a  letter  to  Washington,  explanatory  of  his  conduct  in 
reference  to  the  attempt  to  supplant  Washington. 

461.  Pld'n-US,  plain ;  smooth ;  evident. 
1.  PLANE,  n.  a  level  surface; 


an  imaginary  surface. 
PLAIN,  n.  a  level  surface ; 
level  land  (170-2). 


EXPLANATORY,  a.  containing 

explanation  (460). 
EXPLAIN',  v.  make  intelligible 


(56-7). 

1.  Cut  an  orange  into  two  equal  parts,  and  each  of  the  flat  surfaces 
thus  formed  will  be  the  plane  of  a  great  circle. 


462.  Plau'd-O,  I  clap;  I  applaud, 
applaud. 


Plau's-um,  to 


1.  PLAUS'IBLE,  a.  right  in  ap- 
pearance. 

ExpLo'siON,7i.violent  burst- 
ing (127). 


EXPLO'SIVE,  a.  liable  to  cause 

explosion  (78-1). 
EXPLODE',  v.  to  burst  with  a 

loud  report  (270). 


1.  Duche",  who  opened  the  first  Continental  Congress  with  a  solemn 
invocation,  soon  after  addressed  a  letter  to  Washington,  using  the  most 
plausible  arguments  to  induce  him  to  desert  the  American  cause,  and 
avow  his  loyalty  to  George  III. 

463.  Plebs  (ple'b-is),  the  common  people. 
PLEBE'IAN,  n.  one  of  the  common  people  (434-3). 

464.  Ple'-o,  I  fill.   Ple't-um,  to  fill.    Ple'n-us,  full. 


1.  EX'PLETIVE,   n.   something 
added  to  fill  up. 

2.  IMPLEMENTS,  n.  tools. 

3.  COM'PLIMENT,  v.  to  praise. 

3.  PLENIPOTENTIARY,  a.  (pos- 
se,) having  full  power  ;  full. 

4.  PLEN'TIFUL,  a.  abundant. 

5.  COMPLETE',  a.  perfect. 

5.  SUPPLEMENT,  n.  an  addition 
to  supply  defects. 


ACCOMPLISHED,  v.  performed 
(66-6). 

COMPLEMENT,  n.  full  number 
(394-3). 

REPLETE',  a.  filled  again ;  com- 
pletely filled  (97-1). 

SUPPLYING,  part,  providing 
(18-1). 

PLE'NARY,  a.  full ;  sufficient 
(250-7). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


173 


1.  The  adverb  "there"  is  frequently  used  simply  to  introduce  a  sen- 
tence, and  is  then  considered  a  mere  expletive. 

2.  There  has  been  great  improvement  in  all  kinds  of  agricultural  im- 
plements. 

3.  In  1795,  the  President  was  able  to  compliment  Mr.  Jay,  our 
Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  England,  for  his  success  in  negotiating 
the  treaty. 

4.  Artesian  wells,  which  provide  a  plentiful  supply  of  water,  have 
been  sunk  in  the  deserts  of  Africa. 

5.  So  many  inventions  are  patented  every  year,  that  no  Dictionary  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  is  complete  without  a  supplement. 

465.  Pli'c-o,  I  fold.    I>lica!t-um,  to  fold.  Plec't-o, 

I  twine  or  weave.     Plex'-um9  to  twine  or  weave. 


1.  COMPLICATE,  v.  to  render 
complex. 

1.  ACCOMPLICE,   n.   a  person 
joined  in  a  plot. 

2.  EXPLICIT,  a.  clear. 

3.  DUPLICATE,  a.  (duo,)  two- 
fold. 

APPLICATION,  n.  the  act  of 


COMPLEX'ION,  n.  color  of  the 

skin  (213-3). 
DISPLAYED',  v.  exhibited  (37- 

3). 
IMPLICATE,    v.     to     involve 

(127). 
PLI'ABLE,  a.  easily  bent  (178- 

i). 

SIMPLICITY, n.artlessness(180- 

2). 
SIM'PLY,  adv.  merely  (464-1). 


applying  (124-2). 
APPLY',   v.   to    fix    closely 
(195-6). 

1.  When  Aaron  Burr  was  tried  for  treason,  everything  seemed   to 
complicate  the  matter,  but  especially  the  difficulty  of  proving  that 
he  had  an  accomplice. 

2.  The  laws  of  most  of  the  States  give  explicit  directions,  in  case  a 
man  dies  intestate. 

3.  When  Napoleon  heard  of  the  nuptials  of  Prince  Jerome  arid  Miss 
Patterson,  of  Baltimore,  he  sent  to  his  brother  a  duplicate  copy  of  the 
decree,  prohibiting  his  sister-in-law  from  entering  France. 

466.  Plo'r-O,  I  cry  ;  I  bewail.     Flora 't-um,  to  cry  ; 

to  bewail. 

1.  IMPLORE',  v.  to  entreat. 
DEPLo'RABLE,a.  lamentable 
(76-2). 

1.  When  the  Northern  foe  invaded  England,  the  wretched  inhabitants 
sent  a  letter  to  implore  the  Romans  to  aid  them  in  expelling  their 
assailant. 

15* 


DEPLORE',  v.  regret  (66-6). 
EXPLORE',  v.  to   examine ;  to 
search  through  (562). 


174  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


467.  Plum'b-um,  lead. 
1.  PLUMBA'GO,  n.  a  mineral 
consisting  of  carbon  and,  it 
may  be,  a  little  iron  ;  black- 
lead. 


PLUM'MET,  n.  a  leaden  weight 
at  the  end  of  a  line  used  to 
sound  the  depth  of  water 
(357-3). 


1.  The  term  black-lead,  for  the  plumbago  of  which  pencils,  etc.,  are 
made,  is  an  unfortunate  misnomer. 

468.  Plus  (plu'r-is),  more. 

1.  PLURALITY,  n.  the  greater 
number. 

2.  SUE,' PLUS,  n.  what  is  over. 


PLU'RAL,  a.  consisting  of  more 
than  one ;  designating  two 
or  more  (162). 


1.  In  the  Presidential  election  of  1800,  neither  Jefferson  nor  Burr  had 
a  plurality  of  votes. 

2.  In  1837,  the  surplus  of  revenue  was  distributed  among  the  States. 

469.  Po'li-o,  I  polish.    Poli't-um,  to  polish. 


2.  POLITE'NESS,  n.  elegance  of 


manners. 


1.  POL'ISHED,  a.  smooth  and 
glossy. 

1.  Before  glass  was  manufactured,  polished  plates  of  metal  were 
used  for  mirrors. 

2.  Benjamin  Franklin,  at  the  French  Court,  was  noted  for  his  polite- 
ness and  suavity  of  manners. 

470.  Po'l-llS,  the  pole. 

PO'LAR,  a.  relating  to  the  pole  (141-2). 

471.  Po'm-um,  an  apple ;  fruit. 


1.  POMOLOG'ICAL,    a.    (logos, 
Gr.,)  relating  to  fruit. 


POME'GRANATE,  n.  (granum,) 
a  fruit  (213-4). 


1.  Pomological  societies  have  done  much  to  improve  the  fruit-trees 
of  the  country. 

472.  Pon'd-us  (porider-is),  a  weight. 
1.  PONDERABLE,  a.  capable  of   PON'DEROUS,  a.  heavy  (103-1). 


being  weighed. 


PON'DER,  v.  consider  (65-7). 


1.  What  sort  of  bodies  are  ponderable,  if  all  bodies  have  weight? 
473.  Po'n-O,  I  put  or  place.  Pos'it-um,  to  put  or  place. 


1.  POSTPONE',  v .  to  put  off;  to 
defer  to  a  future  time. 


2.  DECOMPOSE',  v.  to   resolve 
into  the  constituent  parts. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


175 


COMPOS'URE,  n.  tranquillity 
(92-1). 

DEPOSITION,  n.  removal  from 
office  (133-1). 

DEPOS'IT,  v.  to  store  (78). 

EXPOSITION,  n.  a  public  ex- 
hibit (22-6). 

IM'POST,  n.  tax  on  imports 
(190-1). 

INTERPOSE',  v.  interfere  (72). 


PKOPOS'ALS,  n.  terms  proposed 

(75-2). 
POSITIVELY,  adv.  peremptorily 

(75-5). 
PROPOSITION,  n.  proposal  (195- 

1)- 
POS'ITIVE,  a.  denoting  quality 

without  comparison  (8-1). 
POST'URE,  n.  attitude  (126-3). 
DEPOSE'  (see  page  35). 
OPPOSE',  v.  (see  page  35). 


TRANSPOSE',  v.  (see  page  35). 


OPPO'NENT,  n.  an   antagonist 
(21-5). 

1.  Penn  intended  to  visit  Pennsylvania  in  1692;   but  William  III. 
having  determined  to  deprive  him  of  his  charter,  he  was  compelled  to 
postpone  his  visit  until  1699. 

2.  The  ancient  alchemists,  while  searching  for  a  liquid  that  would 
transmute  everything  into  gold,  learned  to  decompose  many  sub- 
stances. 

474.  Fans  (porit-is),  a  bridge. 


1.  PONTIFICATE,  ?i.  (facio,)  the 
reign  of  a  Pope. 


2.  PONTOON',  n.  a  float  used  in 
forming  a  bridge. 


1.  The  pontificate  of  Pius  IX.  began  in  1846  and  ended  in  1878. 

2.  Both  Darius  (da-ri'-us)  and   Xerx'es  crossed   the   Hellespont  on 
pontoon  bridges. 

475.  Pop'ul-US9   the    people.      Pllb'lic-llS,    public. 
Publica't-10,  a  publishing. 


1.  POPULA'TION,  n.  the  whole 
number  of  people. 

1.  POP'ULOUS,  a.  full  of  people. 

2.  PUBLICITY,  n.  general  no- 
toriety. 

2.  PUB'LISH,  v.  send  out  to  the 
public. 


PEO'PLE,  n.  a  nation  (11- 
3). 


POP'ULACE,  n.  the  common 
people  (50-2). 

POP'ULAK,  a.  suitable  to  people 
in  general  (54-2). 

PUB'LIC,  a.  open  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  all  (171-3). 

PUBLICATION,  n.  publishing ; 


the  act  of  offering  a  book 
to  the  public  by  sale  (43-4). 

1.  To  facilitate  the  administration  of  justice,  the  judiciary  provides  a 
judge  for  the  district,  if  the  population  is  dense ;  but  in  l 
lous  portions  of  the  country,  one  for  each  circuit. 


176 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


2.  To  secure  publicity  to  the  Acts  of  Congress,  the  Constitution 
provides,  that  "  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and, 
from  time  to  time,  publish  the  same." 

476.  Por'c-us,  a  hog. 

1.  POR'CUPINE,  n.  (spina,  a  thorn,)  a  rodent  quadruped  with 
quills  on  its  body. 
1.  The  porcupine  is  a  native  of  Africa  and  Asia,  and  also  of  Italy. 

477.  Por't-O,  I  carry.     Porta't-um,  to  carry. 


1. 


PORT' ABLE,  a. 
ried. 


easily 


car- 


2.  INOPPORTUNE',  a.  unseason- 
able. 

2.  PORT'LY,  a.  corpulent. 

2.  PORTMAN'TEAU,  n.  (manus,) 
valise. 

2.  PORTFO'LIO,  n.  (folium,)  a 
case  for  carrying  loose  sheets. 

3.  PORT'ALS,  n.  entrances. 

4.  PORCH,  n.  a  portico. 

5.  PUR'PORT,  n.  design. 
EXPORT',  v.  to  send  out  of 

the  country  (75-6). 


IMPORT'ANT.  a.  momentous 
(146-3). 

IMPORT',  v.  to  bring  into  a 
country  (75-6). 

POR'TICO,  n.  an  ornamental 
entrance  (44-2). 

IMPORTU'NITY,  n.  urgent  so- 
licitation (206-2). 

OPPORTUNITY,  n.  fit  time 
(195-1). 

REPORT',  v.  narrate  (5-1). 

REPORT',  n.  rumor  ;  an  account 
received  (114-1). 

TRANSPORT'  (see  page  35). 


1.  Soldiers   are  generally  compelled  to  cook   their  victuals  in  such 
utensils  as  are  portable. 

2.  Doubtless,  Gen.  Prescott  felt  the  intrusion  of  Col.  Barton  on  his 
privacy  to  be  very  inopportune  ;  while  Barton  felt  no  compunction 
of  conscience  in  carrying  off  the  portly  old  General,  without  giving 
him  time  to  pack  his  portmanteau,  or  secure  the  portfolio  con- 
taining his  military  plans. 

3.  One  of  the  portals  of  the  Temple  at  Jerusalem  was  beautifully 
adorned. 

4.  The  Stoics  derive  their  name  from  the  stoa,  or  porch,  in  which 
Zeno  taught. 

5.  The  purport  of  every  address  made  by  Napoleon  to  his  army 
was  the  glorification  of  France. 

478.  Pos'se,  to  be  able.    Po'tens  (poterit-is),  able, 

powerful. 

1.  PO'TENT,  a.  powerful.  1  PO'TENTATE,    n.    a    monarch 

1.  PU'ISSANT,  a.  powerful.  (75-14). 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES. 


Ill 


POWER,  n.  might ;   influence ;   POS'SIBLE,  a.  that  can  be  done 


ability  to  act  (98-1). 


(35-8). 


1.  Many  circumstances  seem  to  corroborate  the  opinion,  that  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia  will  be  one  of  the  most  potent  (or  puissant)  mon- 
archs  of  Europe. 


479.  Pos'ter-us,  after. 
1.  PREPOS'TEROUS,  a.  absurd ; 


POSTERITY,  n.  succeeding  gen- 
erations (345-2). 


utterly  foolish. 

1.  "  How  prepost erous,"  said  some  one  to  Columbus,  "  to  suppose 
that  we  are  on  the  surface  of  a  ball  that  is  turning  round  ?  " 

480.  Pos'tul-o,  I  demand.     Postula't-um,  to  de^ 

mand. 

EXPOSTULATED,  v.  reasoned  earnestly  with  a  view  to  dis- 
suade (266). 

481.  Po'tens  (poterit-is).    See  Posse. 

482.  Pra'v-US,  crooked,  wicked. 
1,  DEPRAV'ITY,  n.  wickedness. 

1.  The  tendency  that  children  have  to  pilfer  and  to  prevaricate,  proves 
the  depravity  of  the  human  heart. 

483.  Pre'd-um  for  Pre'ti-um,  a  price  ;  esteem. 


1.  PRIZE,  v.  to  esteem  highly. 


2.  PRAISE,  v.  extol. 

APPRECIATE,  v.  to  value; 
to  estimate  justly  (443). 
PRICE,  n.  cost  (414-1). 


DEPRECIATED,  a.  lessened  in 


value  (43-2). 
DEPRE'CIATE,  v.  to  lessen  in 

value  (522-7). 
PRE'CIOUS,  a.  valuable  (24-1). 

1.  We  cannot  prize  too  highly  the  blessings  of  a  just  government. 

2.  The  "  Te  De'um  "  is  so  called  from  the  words  with  which  the  psalm 
commences,  "  We  praise  thee,"  or  "  We  laud  thee,  0  God." 


484.  Pre'c-OT,  I  entreat.     Preca!t-US,  entreating. 


DEP'RECATE,  v.  regret  deeply 

(35-8). 
PRAYED,    v.    entreated;     be- 

eought  (125-6). 


M 


PRAYER,  n.  supplication  (456- 
2). 

PRECA'RIOUS,  a.  uncertain ;  un- 
settled (375). 


178 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


485.  Prce'd-a,  prey ;  plunder. 


PKED'ATOKY,    a.   plundering ; 
robbing  (125-6). 


1.  PREY,  n.  plunder. 

DEP'REDATOR,  n.  a  robber ; 

a  plunderer  (213-3). 

1.  The  dilation  and  contraction  of  the  eye  enables  a  cat  to  seek  her 
prey  both  night  and  day. 


486.  Preherid-o,  I  seize 
APPREHEND',  p.  to  arrest ;  to 

take  bold  of  (509-3). 
APPREHEND'ED,  p.    arrested  ; 

seized  (169-6). 
COMPREHEND',  v.  take  into  tbe 

mind  (158-2). 
COMPREHENSION,  n.  perception 

(11-8). 
ENTERPRISE,  n.  undertaking 

(123-2). 


Preheris-um,  to  seize. 

INCOMPREHENSIBLE,  a.  not  to 
be  understood  (205-5). 

IMPRISONMENT,  n.  incarcera- 
tion (113). 

IMPREG'NABLE,  a.  not  to  be 
taken  (76-3). 

PRIZE,  n.  sometbing  captured 
(431). 

PRISONERS,  n.  captives  (85-1). 

SURPRISE',  n.  wonder  (11-7). 


487.  Pre'm-o,  I  press.    Pres's-um,  to  press. 


1.  COMPRES'SIBLE,  a.  yielding 
to  pressure. 

1.  PRES'SURE,  n.  force  exerted 
against  an  obstacle. 

2.  lMPREsSiON,?i.amarkmade 
by  pressure. 


OPPRESSION,  n.  unjust  severity 
(156-4). 

PRINT,  v.  publish  (186-2). 

EXPRES'SION,  n.  tbe  act  of  rep- 
resenting (112-1). 

COMPRESS',  v.  (see  page  35). 


1.  Cotton  is  so  compressible  that,  under  a  high  pressure,  its  bulk 
can  be  greatly  reduced. 

2.  Robinson  Crusoe  was  startled  when  he  saw  the  impression  of  a 
man's  foot  on  the  sand. 

488.  Pri'm-us,  first.    Pri'or,  former. 


1.  PRIOR'ITY,  n.  precedence. 
PRIM'ROSE,    n.   (rosa,)    an 
early  flowering  plant  (220). 
PRIME' VAL,a.(9Bvum,)prim- 
itive ;  original  (173). 


PRINCE,  n.  (capio,)  son  of  a 

king  (465-3). 

PRI'OR,  a.  antecedent  (205-3). 
PRIN'CIPAL,  a.  (capio,)  cbief ; 

bigbest  in  importance  (7-1). 


1.  The  Chinese  claim  priority  in  civilization  over  all  other  nations. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


179 


489.  Pri'v-US,  one's  own  ;  not  public. 


1.  PRIV'ILY,  adv.  secretly. 
DEPRIVE',  v.  to  take  from 


PRI'VATE,  a.  secret  (293-3). 
PRIVATEER',  n.  a  private  ship 
of  war  (431). 


(473-1). 

1.  Many  Puritans  in  England,  perceiving  that  the  virulence  of  their 
enemies  increased,  endeavored  to  leave  privily* 


490.  Pro'b-O,    I   approve,    I   try. 
prove,  to  try. 

1.  PROB'ABLE,  a.  likely. 

2.  PROOF,  n.  confirmation. 
PROBATION,™,  trial  (293-3). 


PROB'ITY,  n.  integrity  (696). 
APPROBATION,  n.  satisfac- 
tion (76-2). 

APPROVE',  v.  be  pleased  with 
(216-1). 


Proba't-um,  to 


PROBE,  v.  to  examine  by 
thrusting  in  an  instrument 
(177-3). 


PROVE,  v.  to  test;  to  ascertain 

as  truth  (268-2). 
PROB'ABLY,  adv.  in  a  probable 

manner  (74-1). 
EEPROVE',V.  to  rebuke  (75-13). 


1.  Is  improbable,  that  Africa  and  South  America  were  once  united, 
and  that  the  disruption  was  effected  by  some  sudden  convulsion  of  nature  ? 

2.  The  lifting  of  the  kettle-lid  by  the  steam  is  proof  of  the  expan- 
sive force  of  heat. 

491.  Promp't-US,  prompt,  ready. 


1.  PROMPTITUDE,  n.  cheerful 
alacrity. 


PROMPT'LY,aGfo.readily;  quick- 
ly (92-4). 


1.  The  Geneva  Award  of  $15,500,000  was  paid  by  Great  Britain  with 
commendable  promptitude. 

492.  Pro'p-e,  near.     Prox'im-US,  nearest,  next. 


1.  APPROXIMATED. come  near. 


APPROACH', 
(598-1). 


n.      advance 


PROXIM'ITY,  n.  immediate 
nearness ;  the  state  of  being 
next  (60-2). 


1.  We  cannot  obtain  exactly  the  square  root  of  .1,  but  we  can  ap- 
proximate to  it  by  means  of  a  decimal. 

493.  Prorpri-US9  one's  own ;  fit ;  peculiar. 


APPROPRIATE,     a.     suitable ; 

proper  (44-2). 
PROPERTY,  n.  that  which  be- 


longs to  a  person  or  thing 
(106). 
PROPRIETY,  7i.  justness  (11-5). 


180  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


PROP'EK,   a.   suitable ;  appro- 
priate ;  right  (66-6). 
PKOPKI'ETOR,  n.  a  person  who 


received  a  grant  of  land  in 
letters-patent  from  the  king 
(248-2). 


494.  Pros' per  (a  pro  and  spero).    See  Spero. 

495.  Pu'er,  a  boy. 

1.  PU'ERILE,  a.  childish ;  boyish. 

1.  James  I.  spent  much  of  his  time  in  diversions  of  the  most  puerile 
character. 

496.  Pug'n-a,  a  battle.     Pll'gil,  a  boxer. 


1.  PUGNA'CIOUS,  a.  disposed  to 
fight. 

2.  PU'GILIST,  n.  one  who  fights 


REPUGNANCE,  n.  aversion  (62- 

3). 
REPUG'NANT,  a.  adverse  (395- 


with  the  fists. 

1.  A  pugnacious,  quarrelsome  disposition,  will  be  very  likely  to 
bring  a  person  into  trouble. 

2.  A  person  must  undergo  a  severe  training,  before  he  can  be  an  ex- 
pert pugilist. 

497.  Pul'mo  (pulmo'n-is),  the  lungs. 
1.  PUL'MONARY,  a.  relating  to  the  lungs. 

1.  In  speaking  of  pleurisy,  or  any  other  pulmonary  affection,  it  is 
incorrect  to  add  the  words  "of  the  lungs."  To  speak  of  "lumbago  in 
the  back  "  is  a  similar  error. 

498.  fulv-is  (pul'ver-is),  dust. 


1.  PUL'VEEIZE,  v.  to  reduce 
to  fine  powder  by  beating, 
grinding,  etc. 


2.  PULVEKIZA'TION,  n.  the  re- 
ducing to  powder. 

3.  POW'DER,  n.  dust. 


1.  Many  spices  are  so  pungent,  that  it  is  necessary  to  pulverize  them 
before  using. 

2.  The  pulverization   of    many  substances  can  be  effected  by 
grinding  or  beating. 

3.  Charcoal  must  be  reduced  to  an  impalpable  powder  before  it  is  fit 
for  a  dentifrice. 

499.  Purig-o,  I  sting.    Punc't-um9  to  sting,  to  point. 


1.  PUNCT'URE,  v.  pierce  with 
a  pointed  instrument. 


2.  PUNCTUALITY,  n.  exactness 
in  regard  to  time. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES.  181 

3.  PUNCT'UATE,    v.    to    mark  COMPUNC'TION,  n.  sting  (477-2). 
with  points.  PUN'GENT,  a.  biting  (498-1). 

1.  To  perform  vaccination,  puncture  the  skin  and  insert  a  particle 
of  pure  vaccine  matter. 

2.  The  want  vi  punctuality  in  business  transactions  has  ruined 
many  enterprising  men. 

3.  To  punctuate  an  article  correctly  is  oftentimes  a  very  difficult 
task. 

500.  Pu'ni-O,  I  punish.     Puni't-um,  to  punish. 


1.  PU'NITIVE,  a.  inflicting  pun- 
ishment. 


IMPU'NITY,   n.   freedom    from 
punishment  (31-3). 


1.  Every  law  has  a  punitive  clause,  definitely  stating  the  punish- 
ment for  its  violation ;  imprisonment  or  fine  is  the  punishment  for  re- 
fusing to  obey  a  subpoena. 

501.  Pur'g-o,  I  make  clean.    Purga!t-um,  to  make 

clean. 
1,  EX'PUEGATED,  part,  purged. 

1.  The  law  allows  objectionable  books  to  be  suppressed  or  expur- 
gated. 

502.  Pu'r-us,  pure. 
PUEE,  a.  free  from  impurity 

(499-1). 

503.  Pusil'l-U8,  weak ;  small. 

1.  PUSILLANIMITY,  n.  (animus,)  littleness  of  mind. 

1.  Even  the  friends  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth  despised  the  pusil- 
lanimity which  he  exhibited -after  his  defeat. 

504.  Pu't-0,  I  think  ;  I  cut  or  prune.     Puta't-um,  to 

think  ;  to  cut  or  prune. 


PU'EITAN,  n.  one  of  a  religious 
sect  (216-1). 


1.  IMPUTE',  v.  ascribe. 

2.  DEPUTATION,     n.    persons 
commissioned. 

3.  AMPUTA'TION,    n.    cutting 
off. 

ACCOUNTS',    n.    reckonings 
(42-1). 


DISPUT'ED,  a.  undecided  (108- 

2). 
DEP'UTY  -  GOV'EENOE,,^.  one  who 

acts  in  place  of  the  Governor 

(248-2). 
REPUTA'TION,™.  character  (114- 

2). 


1.  Historians  impute  many  atrocities  to  Brant,  but  it  does  not  ap- 
pear that  he  was  responsible  for  the  Wyoming  massacre. 
16 


182 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


2.  In  1781,  the  soldiers  at  Morristown,  having  suffered  greatly  from 
want  of  their  regular  pay,  mutinied  ;  but  on  their  way  to  Philadelphia 
they  were  met  by  a  deputation  from  Congress,  who  relieved  their  im- 
mediate wants. 

3.  Santa  Anna  was  so  severely  wounded  in  the  leg  that  amputation 
was  necessary. 

505.  Qua'l-is,  such  as ;  of  what  kind. 


1.  QUALIFICATIONS,  n.  (facio,) 


those  things  which  fit  a  per- 
son for  a  place. 
2.  QUAL'ITY,  n.  character  ;  de- 
gree of  excellence. 


3.  QUAL'IFY,  v.  to  render  ca- 


pable. 

4.  DISQUALIFY, v.  render  unfit. 
DISQUALIFIED,  p.  rendered 
unfit  (180-4). 

1.  "When  the  Constitution  was  framed,  there  were  many  diverse  opin- 
ions as  to  the  qualifications  necessary  for  the  Presidency. 

2.  The  Tyrians  manufactured  a  purple  cloth,  of  very  superior  qual- 
ity* designed  for  the  vesture  of  kings. 

3.  Lincoln  spent  months  in  the  study  of  Geometry,  in  order  to  qual- 
ify himself  to  demonstrate  any  proposition  in  law. 

4.  Several  things  disqualify  a  person. for  the  Presidency  of  the 
United  States ;  such  as  holding  another  office,  etc. 

506.  Quar't-us,  the  fourth.     Quad'r-a,  a  square. 


1.  SQUAD'RON,  n.  a  detachment 
of  ships  of  war. 
QUARANTINE,  n.  restraint 
of  intercourse   to   which  a 
ship  is  subjected  on  suspi- 
cion of  infection  (180-5). 
QUAR'TAN,     a.     returning 
every  fourth  day  (512-4). 


QUADBILAT'ERAL,  a.  (latus,) 
having  four  sides  (313-4). 

QUAD' HUMANE,  n.  (manus,)  an 
animal  having  four  feet  that 
correspond  to  the  hands  of 
a  man  (52-2). 

SQUARE,  a.  applied  to  area  or 
surface  (313-3). 


1.  In  1778,  France  sent  a  squadron  to  aid  the  American  cause ;  and 
the  British  evacuated  Philadelphia. 

507.  Quctft-io     (in     compounds,    CUtio),     I     shake. 

Quas's-um  (m  compounds,  CUSSUWI),  to  shake. 
1.  CONCUS'SION,  n.  violent  agi-   Discuss/  v.  to  argue  (254). 

tation.  DISCUSSION,  n.  debate  (21-2). 

1.  The  mere  concussion  of  the  air,  produced  by  cannonading,  has 
often  proved  very  detrimental  to  health. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


183 


508.  Quefr-or,  I  complain. 


1.  QUAE/KEL,   v.   to    contend 

angrily. 
1.  QUAR'RELSOME,    a.    easily 

provoked  to  contest. 


2.  QUER'ULOUS,  a.  habitually 
complaining. 

QUAK'RELLING,    n.    angry 
contention  (75-8). 


1.  It  is  easy  to  quarrel,  if  you  are  of  a  quarrelsome  disposition. 

2.  Philip's  neglect,  joined  to  his  taciturn  disposition,  rendered  Queen 
Mary  still  more  querulous  and  irritable. 

509.  Quce'r-O  (in  compounds,  quiro),  I  seek ;  I  ask. 
Qucesi't-um,  (in  compounds,  quisitum),  to  seek ; 
to  ask. 

EX'QUISITE,  a.  excessively  nice 


1.  QUEST,  n.  search. 

2.  PERQUISITE,  n.  fee. 

3.  REQUISITION,  n.  demand. 

4.  REQUEST',  n.  demand. 
ACQUIRE',  v.  to  obtain  (140- 

i). 

ACQUISITION,  n.  the  act  of 
obtaining  (195-6). 
CON'QUEST,  n.   subjugation 
(75-8). 


(193-2). 
INQUISITIVE,  a.  prying  (146- 

3). 

QUE'KY,  n.  question  (186-2). 
QUESTION,  n.  query  (169-6). 
REQ'UISITE,  a.  necessary  (231- 

i). 

CON'QUEROR,  n.  one  who  sub- 
dues (180-6). 


1.  The  sanguine  temperament  of  Ponce  de  Leon,  led  him  to  go  in  quest 
of  a  fountain  whose  waters  would  restore  youth  and  beauty  to  his  wrinkled 
visage. 

2.  In  some  offices,  no  perquisite  is  allowed,  the  remuneration  being 
a  fixed  salary. 

3.  When  a  requisition  is  made  for  a  person  charged  with  crime,  it 
is  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  resort  to  no  evasion  to  withhold  him,  but 
to  apprehend  him  at  once. 

4.  As  soon  as  the  pusillanimous  king  was  opposed  with  firmness  and 
courage,  he  acceded  to  every  request9  even  to  the  signing  of  Magna- 
Charta. 

510.  Qui'es  (quie't-is),  rest. 


1.  ACQUIESCE',  v.  to  comply. 

2.  QUIES'CENCE,  n.  state  of  re- 
pose. 

3.  RE'QUIEM,  n.  a  hymn   for 
the  dead. 


4.  QUI'ET,  n.  rest ;  repose. 

5.  QUI'ETUDE,  n.  tranquillity ; 
freedom  from  agitation. 

COY,  a.  reserved ;  shy  (120- 
5). 


184  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  When  the  "  Three  Lower  Counties  "  resolved  to  separate  from  Penn- 
sylvania, Penn  determined  to  acquiesce  in  their  decision. 

2.  Although  Charles  V.  resigned  his  regal  power,  he  did  not  find  that 
quiescence  which  he  expected. 

3.  The  requiem  for  departed  royalty  has  rarely  come  from  sadder 
hearts  than  that  sung  for  Mer'cedes,  the  young  Queen  of  Spain. 

4.  Late  researches  make  it  certain  that  Charles  V.,  in  the  quiet  of 
the  monastery,  was  busy  with  State  affairs. 

5.  In  a  Shaker  village  we  are  impressed  with  the  quietude  that  pre- 
vails. 

511.  Quirique,  five.    Quirita,  a  fifth. 


1.  QUINTILL'ION,  n.  a  million 
twice  multiplied  by  a  mill- 


ion. 


2.  QUINTESSENCE,    n.    (esse,) 
pure    or    concentrated    es- 


sence. 


1.  It  requires  seven  figures  to  express  a  million,  and  nineteen  to  ex- 
press one  quintillion. 

2.  He  who  practises  the  Golden  Rule  will  exhibit  the  quintessence 
of  politeness. 

512.  Quot,  how  many  ;  as  many  as. 


1.  QUO'TA,  n.  just  share. 

2.  QUO'RUM,  n.  a  number  suf- 
ficient to  transact  business. 

3.  AL'IQUOT,  a.  (alius,)  an  ali- 


quot part  of  a  number  is  one 
that  will  divide  it  without  a 
remainder. 
4.  QUOTID'IAN,  a.  (dies,)  daily. 


1.  When  war  breaks  out,  every  State  is  required  to  furnish  its  quota 
of  troops. 

2.  In  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  "  a  majority  of  each  House 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business." 

3.  Each  American  coin,  except  the  three-cent  piece,  is  an  aliquot 
part  of  the  dollar  and  the  eagle. 

4.  An  ague  which  returns  every  day  is  called  quotidian;  every 
third  day,  or  every  other  day,  tertian ;  every  fourth  day,  quartan. 


513.  Ra'bi-es,  madness. 
1.  KAB'ID,  a.  mad. 


RA'VINGS,   n.    wild,   delirious 


2.  HAVE,  v.  to  talk  wildly.  talk  (256-1). 

1.  So  many  dogs  become  rabid,  that  in  large  cities  it  is  safer  to 
muzzle  them. 

2.  It  is  painful  to  visit  an  insane  asylum,  and  hear  the  unfortunate 
inmates  rave  on  so  many  strange  subjects. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  185 


514:.  H,a'di-US,  a  rod,  a  spoke. 


1.  RA'DIUS,  n.  one-half  of  a 
diameter. 

IRRA'DIATE,  v.  to  illuminate 
(322-3). 


RA'DIANCE, n. effulgence;  brill- 
iancy (64-4). 

RAYS,  n.  lines  of  light  (322- 
3). 


1.  The  radius  of  the  earth  is   a  little  less  than  four  thousand 
miles. 


515.  Ra'dix  (radi!c-is)9  a  root. 


1.  RAD'ICAL,  a.  fundamental. 
ERADICATE,  v.  to  root  out 
(396-1). 


RADICALLY,  adv.  fundament- 
ally ;  originally  j  primi- 
tively (8-2). 


1.  There  are  radical  differences  in  the  meanings  of  words,  perceived 
by  those  only  who  know  the  derivation. 

516.  Ita'd-O,  I  shave  ;  I  scrape.     Ha's-um,  to  shave  ; 
to  scrape. 


1.  RAZED,  v.  demolished. 

2.  ERA'SURE,  n.  obliteration  ; 
a  scratching  out. 


3.  ABRA'SION,  n.  the  act  of 
rubbing  off. 

4.  ERASE',  v.  efface. 


1.  After  the  taking  of  Jerusalem,  the  city  was  first  given  over  to 
rapine,  and  then  razed  to  its  foundations. 

2.  The  erasure  of  lead-pencil  marks  is  easily  effected  by  means  of 
India-rubber. 

3.  The  process  of  cutting  glass,  stone,  etc.,  by  the  sand-blast  was  sug- 
gested by  the  abrasion  of  windows  on  the  coast  of  New  Jersey. 

4.  India-rubber,  or  caoutchouc  (koo'chook),  will  erase  lead-pencil 
marks. 

517.  Han'ce-O,  I  am  stale  or  rancid. 
1.  RAN'COROUS,  a.  malignant. 

1.  The  Pequods  secretly  cherished  the  most  rancorous  feelings  to- 
wards the  Connecticut  settlers. 

518.  Ra'pi-O,  I  snatch.     Hap't-um,  to  snatch. 


1.  SURREPTITIOUS,  a.  done  by 
stealth. 
RAPA'CIOUS,  a.  greedy  (36). 


RAP'IDLY,  adv.  swiftly  (35-8). 
RAP'INE,  n.  plunder  (516-1). 
RAPT'URE,  n.  ecstasy  (64-4). 


1.  Soldiers,  in  an  enemy's  country,  sometimes  resort  to  surreptitious 
means  to  obtain  better  food. 
16* 


186 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


519.  Hd'r-US,  scarce ;  rare ;  not  thick. 


1.  RAR'EFY, 
dense. 


to   make  less 


RARE'LY,    adv.    seldom 
often  (510-3). 


not 


1.  Heat  has  a  tendency  to  rarefy  bodies ;  cold,  to  contract  them. 
520.  Ra't-US,  thinking ;  judging. 


1.  KAT'IFY,  v.  sanction. 

2.  RA'TION,  n.  fixed  allowance. 
2.  IRRA'TIONAL,  a.  not  accord- 
ing to  reason. 


REA'SON,  n.  efficient  cause  (522- 

5). 
RA'TIONAL,  a.  agreeable  to  rea- 


son (76-2). 

1.  Three-fourths  of  the  States,  either  by  their  Legislatures  or  by  con- 
ventions, must  ratify  an  amendment. 

2.  After  the  scanty  ration  which  often  falls  to  the  soldier,  it  is  not 
irrational  to  suppose  that  he  is  willing  to  satiate,  himself  with  food 
obtained  from  the  enemy  by  surreptitious  means. 

521.  He'cens  (recerit-is),  new ;  recent. 

RE'CENT,  a.  late  (584-4).  |  RECENTLY,  adv.  lately  (302-1). 

522.  ~Re'g-o,  I  rule.    Hec't-um,  to  rule.    Rec't-us, 

right.    Heg'num,  a  reign.    Heg'ul-a,  a  rule. 


1.  REG'ULATE,    v.    to    adjust 
methodically. 

2.  INCORRIGIBLE,  a.  irreclaim- 
able. 

3.  CORRECTION,    n.     making 
right. 

4.  INTERREG'NUM,™.  the  inter- 
val in  which  a  throne  is  va- 
cant between  two  reigns. 

5.  REC'TIFY,  v.  to  correct. 

6.  RECT'ANGLE,W.  (angulusja 
right-angled  parallelogram. 

7.  ERECT',  v.  to  build. 
CORRECT'LY,  adv.  properly 
(65-2). 

INCORRECT',  a.  wrong ;  erro- 
neous (7-1). 


REC'TITUDE,  n.  uprightness  (62- 
3). 

RE'GAL,  a.  kingly  (510-2). 

RE'GENT,  n.  one  who  governs 
'in  place  of  the  sovereign 
(326). 

REG'ULAR,  a.  according  to  es- 
tablished laws  (504-2). 

REIGN,  n.  the  time  during 
which  a  sovereign  exercises 
authority  (213-3). 

REGA'LIA,  n.  ensigns  of  roy- 
alty (216-4). 

REG'IMEN,  n.  systematic  course 
of  living  (402-2). 

ROY'ALTY,  n.  kingship  (510-3). 

RULE,  n.  regulation  (65-13). 


1.  The  Constitution  vests  in  Congress  "  The  power  to  coin  money, 
regulate  the  value  thereof,"  etc. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  187 

2.  Several  States  provide  institutions  in  which  incorrigible  boyp 
are  subjected  to  a  rigorous  discipline. 

3.  The  correction  of  a  bad  habit  is  so  difficult  that  it  is  safest  not 
to  form  any. 

4.  Louis  XVI.  was  beheaded  in  1793,  and  Napoleon  became  First 
Consul  in  1800.     During  the  interregnum,  various  changes  were 
made  in  the  Government. 

5.  There  is  no  good  reason  for  calling  America  after  Amerigo,  but  it 
is  too  late  to  rectify  the  mistake. 

6.  In  a  rectangle  the  base  is  perpendicular  to  the  height. 

7.  In  some  cities  it  is  illegal  to  erect  a  frame  tenement,  as  the  danger 
of  fire  tends  to  depreciate  all  the  surrounding  property. 

523.  Rep't-um,  to  creep. 

1.  KEP'TILE,  n.  an  animal  that  crawls  on  its  belly. 
1.  The  anaconda  is  the  largest  reptile  found  in  America. 

524:.  Res,  a  thing. 


1.  RE'ALLY,  adv.  actually. 
REAL'ITY,  n.  actual   exist- 
ence (204-1). 


RE'ALIZE,   v.    to   consider   as 

real  (125-3). 
RE'AL,  a.  actual  (37-2). 


1.  The  Jewish  nation  never  really  submitted  to  the  Roman  yoke. 

525.  Ri'de-o,  I  laugh.    Ri's-um,  to  laugh. 


DEKIDE',  v.  laugh  at  in  a  con- 
temptuous manner  (140-8). 
DERI'SION,  n.  ridicule  (175-2). 
RID'ICULE,  n.  derision  (253). 


RIDICULOUS,  a.  worthy  of  rid- 
icule (22-3). 

RIS'IBLE,  a.  pertaining  to 
laughter  (22-3). 


526.  Ri'g-eo,  I  am  stiff  (as  with  cold). 

RI'GID,  a.  strict  (145).  j  RIG'OKOUS,  a.  severe  (522-2). 

527.  Ri'g-o,  I  water.    Riga't-um,  to  water. 
1.  IE/ EJ  GATE,  v.  to  water. 

1.  In  many  countries,  it  is  necessary  for  the  farmer  to  have  a  reservoir 
of  water,  from  which  to  irrigate  his  land. 

528.  Ri'v-US,  a  stream.     Ri't>-a9  a  bank,  a  shore. 


1.  RI'VAL,  n.  a  competitor ;  an 
antagonist. 

2.  RIV'ULET,  n.  a  little  stream 
of  water  ;  a  rill. 


3.  UNRIVALLED,  a.  having  no 
rival. 

4.  RIV'EB,  n.  a  large  stream  of 
water. 


188 


A    MANUAL    OF   ET.YMOLOGY. 


DERIVATION,  n.  origin,  act  of 


ARRIVE',  v.  come  to  (see  page 
35). 


DERIVE'  (see  page  35). 


tracing    origin    or   descent 
(20). 

1.  In  1632,  Gustavus  Adolphus,  having  found  means  to  subsidize  a 
large  force  in  France,  met  his  formidable  rival  at  Lutzen. 

2.  The  Rubicon  was  a  rivulet  separating  Italy  from  Gaul.     Csesar 
having  planned  an  invasion  of  Italy,  paused  when  he  arrived  at  this 
river;  then,  hurrying  across,  he  exclaimed,  "The  Rubicon  is  passed." 

3.  England  was  for  many  years  unrivalled  in  the  production  of  tin. 

4.  Trace  the  river  Danube  to  its  source,  in  Baden,  and  you  will  find 
it  a  tiny  rill. 

529.  Ito'b-ur  (roVor-is),  an  oak ;  strength. 


1.  CORROB'ORATIVE,  a.  tending 
to  confirm;  having  the  power 
of  giving  strength. 


ROBUST',  a.  vigorous  (257). 
CORROBORATE,  v.  to  confirm 


(478). 

1.  Tradition  specifies  the  exact  mountain  on  which  the  ark  rested ;  but 
travellers  find  nothing  corroborative  of  the  statement. 

530.  Ro'g-o,  I  ask.    Hoga't-um,  to  ask. 


1.  AR'ROGATE,  v.  to  assume  to 


one's  self. 

1.  PREROGATIVE,  n.  an  exclu- 
sive privilege. 

2.  INTERROG'ATIVE,  a.  contain- 
ing a  question. 

3.  PROROGUE',  v.  to  continue 
the  English  Parliament  from 
one  session  to  another. 


4.  AB'ROGATE,  v.  to  repeal. 


DEROG'ATORY,  a.  tending  to 
lessen  in  value  (140-5). 

AB'ROGATED,  v.  repealed 
(211-1). 

INTERROGATION,  n.  a  ques- 
tion (305-2). 

AR'ROGANT,  a.  haughty 
(121-3). 

1.  The  Stuarts  imagined  they  had  a  "  divine  right "  to  arrogate 
every  power,  and  to  claim  every  prerogative. 

2.  The  interrogative  form  of  the  verb  is  limited  to  the  Indicative 
and  Potential  moods. 

3.  In  England,  only  the  Queen  has  power  to  prorogue  Parliament, 
though  she  need  not  do  it  in  person. 

4.  In  despotic  governments,  the  sovereign  has  power  to  abrogate  a 
law. 

531.  Ho's-a,  a  rose. 
1.  KO'SEATE,  a.  rosy. 

1.  A  roseate  hue  in  the  sky  in  the  evening  is  a  presage  of  fair 
weather  on  the  morrow. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


189 


532.  Ro't-a,  a  wheel. 

1.  RO'TARY,  a.  turning. 

2.  ROTUN'DA,  n.  any  building 


that  is  round  both  on 
outside  and  inside. 


the 


ROTA'TION,  n.  rotary   motion 

(14-3). 
ROTUND'ITY,     n.     sphericity ; 

roundness  (140-8). 

1.  By  the  rotary  motion  of  the  earth,  a  person  living  on  the  equa- 
tor, moves  more  than  one  thousand  miles  in  an  hour. 

2.  The  paintings   which  encircle  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol   at 
Washington  are  generally  historical  subjects. 

533.  Ull'd-is,  rude,  ignorant. 


1.  RU'DIMENTS,  n.  the  begin- 


nings   of    any 
knowledge. 


branch    of 


2.  RUDE,  a.  uncivil. 

ER'UDITE,  a.  well  instruct- 
ed; learned  (140-10). 


1.  The  most  skilful  teachers  should  be  employed  to  instruct  children 
in  the  rudiments. 

2.  Never  be  rude  to  the  aged,  but  be  attentive  to  their  counsel. 

534.  Itu'men  (ru'min-is),  the  cud. 
RU'MINANTS,  n.  animals  that  chew  the  cud  (247). 

535.  Itu'mor,  a  common  report. 
1.  RU'MOR,  n.  a  common  report. 

1.  In  1778,  the  rumor,  that  a  simultaneous  attack  by  land  and  sea 
was  to  be  made  on  Newport,  alarmed  the  royalists. 

536.  Rup't-um,  to  break. 


ABRUPT',  a.  having  a  sudden 

termination  (146-3). 
BANKRUPT,  n.  one  who  cannot 

pay  his  debts  (131-1). 
CORRUPT',  a.  decomposed  (68- 

3). 


DISRUPTION,  n.  the  act  of 
breaking  asunder  (490). 

ERUP'TION,  n.  a  bursting  out 
180-10). 

RUPT'URE,  n.  open  hostility, 
breach  of  peace  (218-1). 


537.  Hus  (ru'r-is),  the  country. 


1.  RUS'TICATE,  v.  to  reside  in 


RU'RAL,  a.  belonging  to   the 
country  (120-5). 


the  country. 

RUS'TIC,  a.  unpolished  (85). 
1.  It  is  pleasant  in  the  summer-time  to  rusticate  in  the  mountains, 
or  at  the  sea-shore. 


190 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


538.  Sad  char-urn,,  sugar. 
SAC'CHARINE,  a.  having  the  qualities  of  sugar  (1-6). 

539.  Sa'cer  (sac'r-i),  holy,  sacred. 
CON'SECRATE,  v.  to  devote  CON'SECRATED,  p.  devoted  to 

sacred  purposes  (456-1). 


to  sacred  purposes. 

DES'ECRATE,  v.  to  abuse  a 
sacred  thing  (228-2). 

SACERDO'TAL,  a.  (dos,  do'- 
tis,a  dowry,)  priestly  (576). 


SACRIFICE,  n.  (facio,)  conse- 
cration (165-2). 

SAC'RILEGE,?I.  (lego,)  violation 
of  what  is  sacred  (195-4). 


1.  In  1101,  the  Normans  were  able  to  consecrate  a  "  Round  Church," 
modelled  after  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  in  Jerusalem. 

540.  Sa'gax  (saga!c-is),  knowing ;  foreseeing. 


SAGE,  a.  wise  (204-4). 
SAGA'CIOUS,  a.  discerning  (140- 
6). 

541.  Sal,  salt. 

1.  SALINE',   a.   consisting  of 
salt. 

2.  SALI' NA,  n.  a  salt  marsh. 
SAL'ARY,  n.  a  fixed  annual 


PRE'SAGE,  n.  sign  (531). 
SAGAC'ITY,™.  discernment  (192- 
2). 

compensation    for    services 
(509-2). 

SALT,  n.  a  substance  used  for 
seasoning  (442-2). 


1.  To  satisfy  a  natural  craving  for  salt,  there  is,  in  many  countries,  a 
superabundance  of  saline  substances. 

2.  Cattle  will  go  a  long  distance  to  find  a  salina. 

542.  Sa'l-io,  I  leap  ;  I  spring.     Sal't-um,  to  leap  ;  to 
spring. 


1.  DES'ULTORY,  a.  immethodi- 
cal. 

2.  SAL'LY,  v.  to  rush  out  sud- 
denly. 

2.  ASSAIL',  v.  to  attack. 

3.  EXULT',  v.  triumph. 
ASSAIL'ANT,  n.    one    who 

makes  an  attack  (466). 


ASSAULT',   n.   sudden    attack 

(550). 
SA'LIENT,  a.  forcing  itself  on 

the   attention  ;  prominent ; 

conspicuous  (135-2). 
IN'SULT,  n.  an  affront  (179-2). 
RESULT',  n.  effect ;  consequence 

(23). 


1.  Desultory  reading  is  not  only  of  little  practical  utility,  but  ie 
generally  a  great  detriment  to  the  mind. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


191 


2.  Gansevoort,  besieged  in  Fort  Schuyler,  determined  to  sally  from 
the  fort  and  assail  the  enemy. 

3.  Wellington  would  never  ewult  over  a  great  victory.     "  Except  a 
great  defeat,"  said  he,  "  there  is  nothing  worse  than  a  great  victory." 

543.  Sa'l-us(salu't-is), health;  safety.  Salu'br-is, 

healthful. 


1.  SALUTA'TION,  n.  greeting. 

2.  SALU'TATORY,  n.  introduc- 
tory oration  at  a  commence- 


SA'FEB,,  a.  more  secure  (513- 

SALU'BRITY,  n.  tendency  to 
promote  health  (125-7). 

SAI/UTARY,  a.  advantageous ; 
wholesome  (76-2). 


ment. 

3.  SALVA'TION,    n.    preserva- 
tion. 

1.  Great  diversity  exists  in  the  conventional  forms  of  salutation. 
The  ancient  Greeks  avoided  all  verbiage,  and  simply  said  "  Rejoice." 

2.  Terseness  of  style  should  characterize  both  the  salutatory  and 
the  valedictory ;  the  subject  is  so  trite  that  there  is  always  danger  of 
verbosity. 

3.  In  Sheridan's  famous  ride,  the  horse  seemed  to  know  that  the  sal- 
vation of  the  army  depended  on  him. 

544.  Sanc't-US,  holy ;  sacred. 


SANCTIMONIOUS,  a.  having  an 

appearance  of  holiness  (112- 

4).  f 
SANCT'UARY,  n.  a  sacred  place ; 

a  consecrated  spot ;  a  place 

of  worship  (228-2). 


1.  SANC'TITY,  n.  sacredness. 

2.  SANC'TIFY,  v.  to  make  holy. 

3.  SAINT,  n.  a  person  sancti- 
fied. 

SANC'TION,  n.  approval  (418- 
2). 

1.  The  Mohammedans  have  such   regard  for  the  sanctity  of  the 
mosque,  that  they  deem  it  irreverent  to  enter  with  the  shoes  on. 

2.  Many  things  in  this  temporal  existence,  which  are  inscrutable  to 
man,  may  be  intended  to  sanctify  and  prepare  him  for  a  happier  con- 
dition. 

3.  Neither  the  humble  parentage  of  Thomas  a  Becket,  nor  his  enor- 
mous wealth,  prevented  the  people  from  regarding  him  as  a  saint. 

545.  Sarigu-is  (sariyuin-is),  blood. 


1.  CONSANGUINITY,    n.    rela- 
tionship by  blood. 

2.  COUS'IN,  n.  the  child  of  an 
uncle  or  aunt. 


SAN'GUINARY,  a.  bloody  (42- 

3). 
SAN'GUINE,  a.  confident   (92- 

2). 


192  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  As  court  etiquette  does  not  allow  a  sovereign  in  Europe  to  espouse 
a  subject,  there  is  no  alternative  but  to  choose  a  person  already  connected 
by  consanguinity. 

2.  On  the  question  of  matrimony,  neither  Queen  Mary  nor  Queen 
Victoria  gave  the  nation  any  opportunity  to  speculate.     Mary  married 
her  cousin,  William  of  Orange ;  Victoria,  her  cousin,  Albert. 

646.  Sa!n-US,  sound ;  healthy. 


INSANE',  a.  deranged  in  mind ; 

mad  (20-3). 
INSAN'ITY,  n,  derangement  of 

mind  (170-1). 


SAN'ITARY,   a.   pertaining    to- 

health  (558-2). 
SAN'ITY,  n.  the  condition  or 

quality  of  being  sane  (305-2) 


547.  Sa!pi-09  I  savor;  I  know. 
1.  SA'VORY,  a.  agreeable  to  the   INSIP'ID,  a.  tasteless  (197-2). 


taste. 


SA'PIENT,  a.  wise  (115-1). 


1.  To  an  Esquimaux,  the  most  sumptuous  repast  is  not  so  savory  as 
bread  saturated  with  train-oil. 

548.  Sa'po  (sapo'nis),  soap. 


.  SOAP,  n.  a  substance  used 
for  cleansing  (The  result  of 
the  combination  of  acid  ob- 


tained   from    fatty   bodies, 
and  an  alkali.) 
2.  SAPONA'CEOUS,  a.  soapy. 


1.  The  great  consumption  of  soap  and  paper,  makes  it  very  desirable 
to  find  a  substitute  for  each  of  these  indispensable  articles. 

2.  In  Europe,  there  is  a  plant  called  soap-wort,  because  it  has  sapo- 
naceous qualities. 

549.  Sa'tis,  enough.     Sa'tur,  full,  sated. 


INSA'TIABLE,  a.  not  to  be  sat- 
isfied (228-2). 

SA'TIATE,  v.  to  feed  to  the  full 
(520-2). 


SATI'ETY,  n.  repletion  (363-1). 
SA'T'ISFY,  v.  to  gratify  wants 

to  the  full  extent  (541-1). 
SAT'UB,ATED,JP.  soaked  (547-1). 


550.  Sca'l-a,  a  ladder. 
1.  SCALE,  v.  to  climb. 

1.  Although  Montcalm  was  a  veteran,  yet  Wolfe  deceived  him  by  a 
feigned  assault  on  the  Lower  Town,  while  his  ulterior  design  was  to 
scale  the  Heights  of  Abraham,  and  attack  the  Upper  Town. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


193 


551.  Scarid-o,  I  climb.    Scaris-um,  to  climb. 


1.  SCAN,  v.  to  examine  care- 
fully. 

2.  CONDESCEND',  v.  to  stoop. 
ASCENT',  n.  climbing  (66- 


DESCEND'ANTS,??,  offspring  (75- 


4)- 
TRANSCEND', 


rise    beyond 


(205-5). 
6).  i  DESCEND'  (see  page  36). 

1.  Science  enables  us  to  scan  the  depths  of  space  and  measure  the  dis- 
tances of  the  fixed  stars. 

2.  "To  condescend  to  argue  with  these  rebels,  or  to  extenuate  their 
conduct,"  said  Lord  Grenville,  "  is  to  favor  the  rebellion." 

552.  Sci!-o9 1  know.    Scieriti-a,  knowledge. 


CONSCIENCE,  n.  tbe  knowledge 

of  our  own  actions  as  rigbt 

or  wrong  (92-5). 
CONSCIENTIOUS,  a.  obedient  to 

tbe   dictates   of   conscience 

(114-1). 


SCI'ENCE,  n.  trutb  ascertained 

(551-1). 
SCIENTIFIC,   a.    (facio,)   well 

versed  in  science  (18-3). 
UNCON'SCIOUS,  a.  not  conscious 

(112-4). 


553.  Scri'b-o,  I  write.    Scrip't-um,  to  write. 


SCRIB'BLING,  n.  writing  care- 
lessly (179-1). 

SCRIPT'URES,  n.  tbe  Bible  (22- 
5). 

DESCRIBE'  (see  page  36). 

PRESCRIBE'  (see  page  36). 

SUBSCRIBE'  (see  page  36). 


CONSCRIP'TION,  n.  a  compulsory 
enrolment  for  military  ser- 
vice (350-1). 

CIRCUMSCRIBE',  v.  to  limit  (432- 
2). 

DESCRIPTION,  n.  delineation 
(173-2). 

554.  Scru't-OT,  I  examine.    SCTUti'n-ium,  scrutiny. 
INSCRU' TABLE,  a.  unsearchable   SCRU'TINIZE,  v.  examine  closely 

(544-2).  (374). 

555.  Scul'p-o  (sculp't-um),  to  carve  on  stone. 
SCULP'TOR,  n.  a  carver  (417-1). 

556.  Sec'o,  I  cut.    Sec't-um,  to  cut. 


1.  IN'SECT,  n.  a  small  animal. 
1.  INSECTIV'OROUS,  a.  (voro,) 
eating  insects. 

17  N 


2.  BISECT',  v.  (bini,)  to  divide 
into  two  equal  parts  (Geom.); 
to  cut  into  two  parts. 


194 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


3.  INTERSECTION,  n.  the  act  or  SEC'TION,  n.  division  (216-5). 


state  of  intersecting. 


INTERSECT',  v.  (see  page  36). 


1.  To  watch  a  bird  and  see  if  it  eats  an  insect,  helps  us  to  decide 
whether  or  not  the  bird  is  insectivorous.     Do  you  think  that  a  bird 
'would  eat  a  centipede  f 

2.  You  should  learn  to  bisect  straight  lines  without  the  aid  of  com- 


3.  It  was  an  old  custom  in  England,  to  bury  a  suicide  at  the  inter- 
section of  two  roads. 

557.  Sec'ul-u?n,  an-age. 

1.  SEC'ULAR,  a.  pertaining  to  the  present  world. 

1.  Solomon  enjoins  a  proper  supervision  over  secular  affairs,  and  a 
wise  providence  in  preparing  for  the  future. 

558.  Se'd-eo,  I  sit.    Ses's-um,  to  sit.    Seda't-us, 

calm ;  peaceful. 


1.  SUBSIDIARY,  a.  aiding. 

1.  INSURIOUS,  a.  treacherous. 

2.  SED'ULOUS,  a.  assiduous. 

3.  SIEGE,  n.  the  placing  of  an 
army  before  a  place  to  take 
it. 

4.  RES'IDUE,  n.  remainder. 

5.  ASSIZE',  n.  a  court  of  jus- 
tice. 

ASSID'UOUS,  a.  sedulous ; 
unremitting  (246-1). 

ASSESS'OR,  n.  one  who  as- 
sesses (57-2). 

BESIEG'ERS,  n.  those  who 
lay  siege  (60-2). 

POSSESSED',  v.  owned  (10). 

POSSESSION  ,?i.holding(193) 


PRES'IDENT,  n.  one  who  pre- 
sides (44-2). 

PRESIDENCY,  n.  office  of  chief 
magistrate  (12-1). 

RESIDE',  v.  to  dwell  (246-1). 

SEDATE',  a.  calm  (435-2). 

SED'ENTARY,  a.  requiring  much 
sitting  (126-3). 

SED'IMENT,  n.  dregs  (146-1). 

VICE-PRES'IDENT,  n.  (vicis,) 
one  in  place  of  the  Presi- 
dent (21-3). 

SES'SION,  7i.  a  sitting  (14-2). 

SUB'SIDIZE,  v.  to  obtain  by  pay- 
ment of  a  subsidy  (528-1). 

SUPERSEDE',  v.  to  take  the 
place  of  another  (287-1). 


1.  St.  Leger's  expedition  was  subsidiary  to  Burgoyne's  campaign; 
but,  ignorant  of  the  insidious  character  of  the  Indians,  he  found  him- 
self deserted  by  them  in  the  time  of  his  greatest  need. 

2.  To  secure  sound  minds  in  sound  bodies,  sedulous  care  should  be 
taken  of  the  sanitary  condition  of  every  seminary. 

3.  The  most  noted  siege  on  record  is  probably  the  siege  of  Troy,  which 
commenced  1194  and  ended  1184  B.  C. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES.  195 

4.  Many  of  the  American  colonists  in  Palestine  refused  to  stay ;  the 
residue  sank  into  poverty. 

5.  Judges  of  assize  itinerate  through  the  counties  of  England  and 
hold  jury  trials  twice  a  year. 

559.  Se'm-en  (sem'in-is),  seed. 
DISSEMINA'TION,  n.  general  dif-   SEM'INARY,  n.  school,  academy, 

fusion  (288-2).  college,  etc.  (558-2). 

560.  Se'nex  (se'nis),  old,  aged. 


1.  SE'NIOR,  a.  older;  prior  in 


SEN'ATE,  n.  one  of  the  Houses 


age  or  rank.  of  Congress  (180-4). 

1.  Where  two  members  of  a  family  have  the  same  name,  it  is  common 
to  add  the  word  senior  to  the  elder  of  the  two. 

561.  Seriti-O,  I  feel ;  I  think.     Seris-ltm,  to  feel ;  to 
think. 

1.  ASSENT',  v.  to  consent. 

2.  KESENT',  v.  consider  as  an 
affront. 

3.  SENTIMENTS,  n.  thoughts. 

4.  SCENT,  v.  perfume. 

5.  SENSE,  n.  sensation. 

6.  SENTEN'TIOUS,  a.  short  and 
energetic. 


SEN'TENCE,n.doom  pronounced 

(10-2). 
DISSENT',  v .  to  differ  in  opinion 

(100-1). 
PRESENTMENT,  n.  foreboding 

(62-3). 
SENSITIVE,  a.  easily  affected 

(204-2). 


1.  Spain  refuses  to  assent  to  the  abolition  of  slavery  in  Cuba. 

2.  The  Chinese  Embassy  resent  the  indignities   inflicted  on  their 
countrymen,  while  prosecuting  their  lawful  undertakings. 

3.  Many  wise  sentiments  are  contained  in  some  of  the  Proverbs. 

4.  It  is  said  that  a  single  grain  of  mask  will  scent  a  room  for  years. 

5.  The  sense  of  smell  enables  animals  to  track  their  prey  for  a  great 
distance. 

6.  A  proverb  is  sometimes  a  sermon  in  a  sententious  form. 

562.  Sepul'chr-um,,  a  grave. 
1.  SEP'ULCHBE,  n.  a  place  of  burial. 

1.  Those  who  have  been  able  to  explore  the  Great  Pyramid  are  not 
convinced  that  it  was  intended  for  the  sepulchre  of  kings. 

563.  Sep'tem,  seven. 

1.  SEPTEM'BER,  n.  the  ninth  month. 
1.  In  the  old  Roman  year,  September  was  the  seventh  month. 


196 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


564.  8e'qu-or,  I  follow.    Secu't-us,  following. 


1.  CONSEC'UTIVE,  a.  following 
in  regular  order. 

2.  SUE,  v.  to  prosecute. 
ENSUE',  v.  follow  (65-9). 
EXECU'TION,  n.  putting  to 

death  (92-7). 

CON'SEQUENCE,  n.  result ; 
effect  (75-9). 

OBSE'QUIOUS,  a.  complying 
in  a  servile  manner  (75-13). 

OB'SEQUIES,  '  n.  funeral  so- 
lemnities (83-1). 


PROS'ECUTE,    v.    to    continue 

(75-2). 

PURSUED',  p.  followed  (11-7). 
PURSUIT',  n.  the  endeavor  to 

attain  (12-4). 
SE'QUEL,  n.  that  which  follows 

(195-1). 
SUBSEQUENT,  a.  occurring  at 

a  later  period  (118-2). 
Surr'ABLE,a.appropriate(l  78). 
PROS'ECUTING,  part,  carrying 

on  (561-2). 


1.  In  all  text-books,  the  paragraphs  should  be  numbered  in  consecu- 
tive order. 

2.  The  Constitution  does  not  permit  an  individual  to  sue  a  State. 

565.  Se'r-0,  I  knit   together.     Ser't-um,  to  knit  to- 
gether.   Ser'm-o  (sermo'n-is),  a  discourse. 

DESERT'ERS,  n.  those  who  de- 
sert (19-2). 

EXERT',  v.  to  put  into  action 
(431). 

SE'RIES,  n.  a  succession  of 
things  (75-9). 

566.  Serfp-O9  I  creep. 

SER'PENTINE,  a.  winding  (349).  |SER'PENT,  n.  snake  (152-1). 

567.  Ser'v-io,  I  serve.    Servi't-um,  to  serve. 


ASSERT'ING,    part.  t  affirming 

positively  (37-4). 
ASSERTS',  v.  affirms  positively 

(16-2). 
SER'MON,  n.  a  serious  discourse 

(561-6). 


DESERVED',  a.  merited  (6). 
SERV'ANT,  n.  one  who  serves 
(68-2). 


SERV'ITUDE,  n.  bondage  (70-2). 

SUBSERV'IENT,   a.   serving   to 

promote  some  end  (15-2). 


568.  Ser'v-o,  I   keep ;    I   preserve, 
to  preserve. 


Serva't-um,  to 


OBSERV'ING,  n.  watching  (27- 

2). 

PRESERVATION,  n.  being  kept 
from  decay  (158-1). 


RESERVOIR',  n.  a  cavity  for 
holding  a  fluid  (527). 

OBSERVATION,  n.  notice  (104- 
2)- 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


197 


569.  Seve'r-us,  severe. 

ASSEV'EKATION,  n.  solemn  as- 
sertion (167-4). 

SEVEKE'LY,  adv.  sharply  (21-3). 


SEVE'EEE,  a.  harsher  (70-1). 
PEESEVE'EANCE,  n.  constancy 
in  pursuit  (38-2). 


570.  Sex,  six.    Sexagirita,  sixty. 

1.  SEXAGENARIAN,  n.  a  person  sixty  years  old. 

1.  John  Adams  was  a  sexagenarian 9  when  he  became  President 
of  the  United  States. 

571.  Sig'n-um,  a  sign,  a  seal. 


SIG'NALS,  n.  those  things  which 

give  notice  (343). 
SIGN,  v.  to  affix  the  signature 

(324). 

DESIGN/  n.  intention  (37-1). 
1.  In  battle,  each  of  the  tribes  of  Israel  carried  an  ensign,  to  des- 
ignate its  place  in  the  field. 


1.  EN'SIGN,  n.  a  standard;  a 

flag  or  banner. 
1.  DESIGNATE,  v.  to  point  out. 

INSIGNIFICANT, 

portant  (301-1). 


a.    unim- 


572.  Sim'il-is,  like.     Si'mul,  at  the  same  time. 


1.  ASSIM'ILATE,V.  become  like. 

2.  DISSEM'BLE,?;.  to  hide  under 
a  false  appearance. 

DISSIMULATION,  n.  hypoc- 
risy (57-3). 

SiMiLAE'iTY,n.resemblance; 
likeness  (49-1). 


SIM'ILAE,  a.  like  (83-2). 
SIMULTANEOUS,  a.  at  the  same 

time  (535). 
SIMILITUDE,  n.  resemblance ; 

likeness  (68-2). 
RESEMBLANCE,  n.  similarity ; 

likeness  (643-2). 


1.  Insensibly,  we  assimilate  in  character  to  the  persons  with  whom 
we  associate. 

2.  There  is  something  beautiful  in  the  character  of  one  who  resolves 
never  to  dissemble,  nor  to  act  from  a  sinister  motive,  but  always  to 
speak  the  words  of  verity  and  soberness. 

573.  Sirigul-us,  one;  single. 
SIN'GLE,  a.  one  alone  (561-4). 

574.  Sinister,  on  the  left  hand ;  bad. 
SIN'ISTEE,  a.  dishonest ;  on  the  left  hand  (572-2). 


198 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


575.  Si'n-US,  a  fold,  a  bosom. 


INSINUATE,  v.  to  introduce  by 
artful  means  (250-7). 


INSINUATION,  n.  a  hint;    an 
intimation  (140-5). 


576.  Sis't-O  or  St-O,  I  stand  ;  I  set  up.     Sta't-um,  to 

stand,  to  set  up. 


1.  IN'TEBSTICES,     n.     narrow 
spaces  between  things. 

2.  STA'TIONAKY,  a.  fixed. 

2.  CONSTITUTE,  v.  compose. 

3.  SUBSISTENCE,  n.   support ; 
provisions. 

3.  RESTITUTION,     n.     giving 
back. 

3.  STABILITY,  n.    steadiness ; 
firmness. 

4.  DIS'TANCE,  n.  remoteness  of 
place. 

5.  REST'IVE,  a.  obstinate  in  re- 
fusing to  move  forward. 

6.  SOL'STICE,  n.  (sol,)  the  point 
in  the  ecliptic  in  which  the 
sun   is   farthest    from    the 
equator. 

7.  STAID,  a.  sober ;  grave. 
ASSIST',  v.  help  (1-4). 
CIR'CUMSTANCE,    n.    event 
(124-2). 

CON'STANT,    a.    continual ; 


CONSTANTLY,  adv.  continually 
(43-1). 

CONSTITUTION,  n.  established 
system  of  laws  (12-1). 

DESTITUTE,  a.  needy ;  with- 
out resources  (105-1). 

ESTABLISH,  v.  to  settle  firmly 
(121-2). 

EXTANT',  a.  now  in  being ;  con- 
tinuing to  exist  (418-1). 

EXIST'ED,  v.  continued  to  be 
(17-1). 

INSTITUTE,  n.  association ;  so- 
ciety (11-2). 

OB'STACLE,^.  that  which  stands 
in  the  way  (105-1). 

RESISTANCE, n. opposition;  the 
act  of  resisting  (66-4). 

RESIST',  v.  to  withstand  (22-3). 

STATE,  n.  condition  (1-4). 

STAY,  v.  to  remain  (558-4). 

SUPEKSTI'TION,  n.  belief  in 
omens  and  prognostics ;  false 
religion  (307-1). 


without  cessation  (14-1). 

1.  The  settlers  of  America  built  their  houses  of  logs,  filling  the  inter- 
stices with  clay. 

2.  Stars  are  stationary  bodies ;  the  planets  which  constitute  our 
solar  system  revolve  around  the  sun. 

3.  The  Arabs  depend  on  plunder  for  subsistence;  and  though  the 
Pacha  often  promises  restitution  of  the  stolen  goods,  yet,  such  is  the 
lack  of  stability  in  the  government,  that  the  promise  is  seldom  kept. 

4.  Priests  whose  homes  were  at  a  distance  remained  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  temple  while  performing  the  special  duties  of  the  sacerdotal  office. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


199 


5.  When  Bucephalus  was  so  restive,  that  no  attendant  could  manage 
him,  Alexander,  with  great  expertness,  mounted  him  without  difficulty. 

6.  At  the  time  of  the  summer  solstice,  the  sun  is  vertical  to  the 
Tropic  of  Cancer,  which  is  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Torrid  Zone. 

7.  Elizabeth  Fry,  with  her  gentle,  staid  demeanor,  and  sweet  expres- 
sion, was  a  welcome  visitor  in  the  London  prisons. 


577.  So'd-US,  a  companion. 


ASSO'CIATE,  v.  keep  company 

(572-2). 
ASSOCIATION,  n.  society  (112- 

2). 

SO'CIABLE,   a.   companionable 
(286-2). 


SO'CIAL,  a.  pertaining  to  soci- 
ety (139-2). 

SOCI'ETY,  n.  the  community 
(101-1). 

ASSO'CIATED,^?.  connected  (7- 
2). 


578.  Sol  (so'l-is),  the  sun. 
SO'LAR,,  a.  pertaining  to  the  sun  (576-2). 

579.  Solem'n-is,  solemn,  serious. 

SOL'EMN,  a.  serious;  fitted  to   SOL'EMNIZE,  v.  to  perform  with 
awaken  reflection  (167-4).          proper  ceremonies  (234). 

580.  So'l-CO,  to  use,  to  be  accustomed. 
IN'SOLENCE,  n.  impertinence  (41). 


581.  Solid-us,  solid. 
CONSOLIDATE,  v.  to  form  into 

a  compact  mass  (666). 
SOI/ID,  a.   not  fluid;    having 

particles  that  cohere  (27-1). 


SOLID'IFY,  v.  to  make  solid 
(135-1). 

SOL'DIEKY,  n.  the  body  of  mil- 
itary men  (11-3). 


582.  So'l-OT,  I  comfort ;  I  soothe, 
ing ;  soothing. 


Solctft-US,  comfort- 


1.  INCONSOL'ABLE,  a.  not  to  be 
comforted. 

CONSOLED',  v.  cheered  and 
solaced  (687-2). 


DISCONSOLATE,  a.  sorrowful 
(152-2). 

SOL' ACE,  v.  to  alleviate  in  dis- 
tress (371-1). 


1.  If  there  were  no  resurrection,  and  the  spiritual  nature  could  be  re- 
duced to  nonentity,  we  might  well  be  inconsolable  at  the  death  of 
friends. 


200  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


583.  So'l-US,  alone  ;  only. 
DES'OLATE,  a.  cheerless  (271). 


SOL'ITUDE,  n.  remoteness  from 


SOL'ITARY,  a.  living  alone  (20).       society  (222-2). 
584.  Sol'v-o,  I  loose.    Soluft-um,  to -loose. 


1 .  Soi/UBLE,a.  capable  of  being 
dissolved. 

1.  SOLU'TION,  n.  the  state  of 
being    diffused    through    a 
fluid. 

2.  SOL'VENCY,  n.  ability  to  pay. 

3.  DIS'SOLUTE,  a.  loose  in  mor- 


3.  ABSOLUTION,  n.  remission. 

4.  ABSOLVE',  v.  to  acquit. 
AB'SOLUTE,  a.  unconditional 
(131-1). 

INSOLVENT,  a.  not  able  to 
pay  (395-1). 
KESOLU'TION,  n.  determina- 


tion (56-2). 

1.  Many  substances,  not  soluble  in  water,  can  be  held  in  solution 
by  alcohol. 

2.  In  the  "  Great  Money  Pressure  "  of  1837,  many  merchants,  whose 
solvency  there  had  never  been  reason  to  suspect,  became  bankrupt. 

3.  When  Charles  II.  took  a  retrospect  of  his  dissolute  life,  he  was 
terrified  at  the  thought  of  the  retribution  that  awaited  him ;  and,  borne 
down  by  the  prostration  of  disease,  he  besought  absolution  for  all  his 
sins. 

4.  The  effect  of  the  recent  bankrupt  laws  was  to  absolve  the  debtor 
from  legal  obligation  to  pay. 

585.  Som!n-us,  sleep. 
1.  SOMNAM'BULIST,  n.  (ambulo,)  one  who  walks  in  his  sleep. 

1.  A  somnambulist  will  sometimes  traverse  a  dangerous  path,  and 
not  evince  the  slightest  fear. 


586.  So'n-us,  a  sound. 
1.  SONO'ROUS,  a.  clear;  high- 
sounding. 
SOUND,  n.  a  noise  (110). 


CON'SONANT,  n.  a  letter  which 
can  be  sounded  only  in  con- 
nection with  a  vowel  (167-3). 


1.  According  to  an  old  superstition,  when  the  great  bell  of  St.  Paul's, 
London,  pours  forth  its  sonorous  tones,  all  the  beer  in  the  neighbor- 
hood turns  sour. 

587.  Sor'did-US,  mean ;  covetous. 
SOB/DID,  a.  mean  ;  covetous  (6). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


201 


588.  Sors  (sor't-is),  a  sort,  lot,  share. 

CON'SORT,  n.  a  partner,  espe-  j  SORT,  n.  kind  or  species ;    a 
ciallyawifeorhusband(171).  I      class  or  order  (472-1). 

589.  Spar's-um,  to  strew ;  to  scatter. 

1.  INTERSPERS'ING,  part,  scat-  2.  ASPER'SION,  n.  calumny, 
tering  between.  DISPERSE',  v.  scatter  (700). 

1.  In  the  tuition  of  little  children,  care  should  be  taken  to  diversify 
the  exercises,  by  interspersing  recreations  and  lighter  studies  with 
those  which  are  more  wearisome. 

2.  St.  Glair,  in  order  to  prove  the  severe  strictures  passed  upon  him  to 
be  an  aspersion  of  his  character,  was  wont  to  expatiate  on  the  various 
contingent  circumstances,  which  compelled  him  to  surrender  Ticonderoga ; 
but  his  specious  arguments  had  little  weight  after  his  defeat  in  1791. 

590.  Spa'ti-um,  space. 

EXPA'TIATE,  v.  to  enlarge  in   SPACE,  n.  extent ;  a  portion  of 


discourse  (589-2). 


extension  (551-1). 


591.  Spe'd-O,  I  look  ;  I  see.  Spec't-um,  to  look  ;  to  see. 


1.  CONSPIC'UOUS,  a.  prominent. 

2.  SPECIFIC,  a.  specified. 

2.  PERSPICU'ITY,  n.  freedom 
from  obscurity. 

DES'PICABLE,  a.  worthy  of 
contempt  (318-2). 

DISRESPECT',  n.  dishonor 
(250-6). 

RET'ROSPECT,7i.lookingback 
on  the  past  (584-3). 

SPE'CIAL,  a.  particular  (576- 

4). 

SPE'CIE,  n.  coin  (75-9). 
SPE'CIES,  n.  a  kind  (64-2). 


SPECIMEN,  n.  a  sample  (213- 

2). 

SPE'CIOUS,  a.  plausible  (589-2). 
SPEC'TRES,  n.  apparitions  (396- 

i). 

SPEC'ULATE,  v.  to  theorize  (545- 

2). 
SUSPECT',  v.  to  mistrust  (584- 

2). 

PROS'PECT,  n.  view  (62-1). 
SPECTA'TOR,  n.  one  who  views 

(37-3). 
ESPECIALLY,  adv.  particularly 

(7-3). 


1.  In  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  in  those  parts  of  Maryland  and 
Virginia  which  lie  contiguous,  the  most  conspicuous  and  attractive 
object  is  the  Capitol. 

2.  The  specific  duty  of  the  President,  to  "  give  to  Congress  informa- 
tion of  the  state  of  the  Union,"  was  formerly  performed  in  person ;  but 
as  most  men  write  with  more  perspicuity  than  they  speak,  this  in- 
formation is  now,  by  tacit  consent,  given  in  writing. 


202 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


592.  Spe'r-o,  I  hope. 
DES'PERATE,  a.  hopeless  (21- 

4). 

DESPERA'DO,  n.  a  desperate  fel- 
low (20-3). 

DESPERA'TION,  n.  hopelessness 
(618-1). 


DESPAIR',  n.  loss  of  hope  (75- 
15). 

PROSPERITY,  n.  successful  pro- 
gress (76-1). 

PROSPEROUS,  a.  successful  (192- 
2). 


593.  Spi'r-o,  I  breathe.    Spira't-um,  to  breathe. 


1.  ASPI'RANT,  n.  one  who  aims 
at  something  elevated. 

2.  INSPIR'IT,  v.  to  animate. 
ASPIRA'TION,  n.  desire  for 

something  higher  (434-2). 


CONSPIRACY, 
(127). 

INSPIRE',  v.  to 
the  mind  (56-1). 


plot 
infuse  into 


INSPIRATION,  n.  a  drawing  in 
of  the  breath  (212). 

SpiR'iTUAL,a.immaterial(582). 

SPIR'ITS,  n.  supernatural  appa- 
ritions (64-3). 

SPIR'ITUOUS,  a.  containing  spir- 
it (51). 

CONSPIRE'  (see  page  36). 

TRANSPIRE'  (see  page  36). 


1.  The  Duke  of  Monmouth  was  an  aspirant  to  the  throne  of  Eng- 
land, and  so  tenacious  of  his  rights  that  all  efforts  to  dissuade  him  from 
invading  England,  1685,  were  useless. 

2.  During  Queen  Mary's  long  detention  in  prison,  her  attendants  tried 
to  lessen  the  intensity  of  her  grief,  and  inspirit  her  with  fresh  hopes. 

594.  Splerid-eo,  I  shine. 

SPLEN'DID,  a.  magnificent ;  cel- 
ebrated (152-2). 

SPLEN'DOR,?I.  brilliancy  (76-1). 


RESPLEN'DENT,  a.  very  bright ; 
shining  with  brilliant  lustre 
(111-1). 


595.  Spo'li-um,  spoil. 

SPOLIATION,  n.  plunder  taken  from  a  neutral  (130). 

596.  Sporid-eo,  I  promise.     Sporis-um,  to  promise. 


CORRESPOND',  v.  to  communi- 
cate by  letters  (167-6). 
ESPOUSE',  v.  to  marry    (545- 


DESPOND'ENCY,?i.dejection(73). 
RESPONSIBLE,  a.  liable  for  con- 
sequences (504-1). 
RESPOND'  (see  page  37). 


597.  Stella,  a  star. 
CONSTELLA'TION,  n.  a  cluster  of  fixed  stars  (158-2). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


203 


698.  Ster'n-o,  I   spread ;    I  strew.    Stra't-um,  to 

spread ;  to  strew. 


1.  CONSTERNA'TION,?I.  surprise 
mingled  with  terror. 
STRA'TUM,w.alayer  (173-1). 


PROSTRA'TION,   n.    depression 

(584-3). 
PROS'TRATE,  a.  lying  flat  (64). 


1.  During  "  the  dark  ages,"  the  approach  of  a  comet  spread  conster- 
nation, among  the  ignorant  masses,  as  it  was  thought  to  portend  war, 
or  some  other  calamity  to  which  men  are  liable. 

599.  StWl-a,  a  drop. 

DISTIL'LERY,  n.  the  place  where  distilling  is  carried  on  (75-7). 

600.  Stirigu-o9  I  mark.    Stinc't-um,  to  mark. 


1.  EXTINCT',  a.  extinguished. 
DISTINGUISH,  v.  to  recog- 
nize by  characteristic  quali- 
ties (90-1). 


EXTINGUISH,  v.  to  put  an  end 

to  (191-2). 

DISTINCT',  a.  clear  (38-1). 
DISTINCT'  LY,acfo.clearly(38-2). 


1.  In  the  West,  there  are  numerous  mounds,  which  entomb  the  re- 
mains of  an  extinct  race. 

601.  Stip'ul-a,  a  bargain. 
STIPULATION,  n.  agreement  (134-1). 

602.  Stirps,  a  root,  or  stock. 


EXTIRPA'TION,  n.  total  destruc- 


EX'TIRPATE,  v.  to  root  out  (93- 
3). 


tion  (271). 

603.  StO,  I  stand ;  I  set  up.     See  SistO. 

604.  Streriu-us,  brave,  vigorous. 
STREN'UOUS,  a.  vigorous  (39). 

605.  Stririg-o9 1  bind.    Stric't-um,  to  bind. 


1.  ASTRIN'GENT,  a.   contract- 
ing, binding. 

2.  STRAIN,  v.  to   draw   with 
force. 

3.  STRAIT,  n.  a  narrow  passage 
of  water. 

DISTRICT,  n.  circuit  of  au- 
thority (475-1). 


RESTRAIN',  v.  to  repress  (22- 
3). 

RESTRICTION,  n.  limitation ; 
restraint  (415-1). 

STRICT'URES,  n.  critical  cen- 
sures (589), 

STRICTEST,  a.  most  rigorous 
(121-4). 


204  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

1.  Some  articles,  as  green  persimmons,  are  so  astringent 9  that,  when 
taken  into  the  mouth,  they  distort  the  features. 

2.  The  power  of  the  waves  to  strain  a  ship  is  easily  perceived,  when 
you  are  at  sea  in  a  tempest. 

3.  The  Strait  of  Gibraltar  is  not  more  than  fifteen  miles  wide. 

606.  Stru'-o,  I  build,  I  construct.    Struc't-um,  to 

build,  to  construct. 


1.  CoNSTRUc'TiON,n.formation. 

1.  IN'STKUMENT,  n.  tool. 

2.  INSTRUCT',  v.  to  teach. 
CON'STRUE,  v.  to  interpret 
(608-1). 

DESTRUCTIVE,   a.    ruinous 
(350-2). 


SUPERSTRUCTURE,  n.  an  edi- 
fice (78). 

DESTROY',  v.  to  demolish  (127). 

INSTRUCTION,  n.  information 
imparted  (26-1). 

DESTRUCTION,  n.  ruin  (56-5). 

OBSTRUCT'  (see  page  37). 


1 .  In  the  construction  of  Solomon's  Temple,  no  instrument  of 
iron  was  "heard  in  the  house,  while  it  was  in  building." 

2.  No  matter  what  the  abstruseness  of  the  subject,  it  is  pleasant  to  in- 
struct those  who  desire  to  learn. 

607.  Stu'd-eo,  I  study,  I  strive. 
STU'DENT,  n.  one  engaged  in   STUD'Y,  n.  application  of  the 


study  (97-1). 


mind  (11-10). 


608.  Sua'd-eo,  I  advise.    Sua's-um,  to.  advise. 


1.  DISSUA'SIVE,     a.    advising 
against. 

2.  PERSUADE',  v.  to  induce. 


DISSUADE',  v.  to  divert  from 
any  measure  by  persuasion 
(593-1). 


1.  To  the  dissuasive  advice  of  his  friends,  Wolsey  replied,  "the 
King's  words  are  not  equivocal;  it  is  impossible  to  construe  them  favor- 
ably ;  I  shall  resign  the  great  seal." 

2.  All  efforts  to  persuade  Charles  Edward,  alias  "The  Pretender," 
to  relinquish  his  design  of  invading  Scotland,  in  1745,  were  of  no  avail. 

609.  Sua'v-is,  sweet,  pleasant. 

1.  ASSUAGE',  v.  to  mitigate ;  to  SUAV'ITY,  n.  softness;  pleas- 
palliate,  antness ;  gentleness  (469-2). 
1.  In  the  late  contest  between  Russia  and  Turkey,  little  was  done  to 

assuage  the  horrors  of  war. 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES. 


205 


610.  Suffra'gi-tvm,  a  vote. 

SUF'FRAGE,  n.  vote  (312). 

611.  Sll'i,  of  one's  self. 

SUICI'DAL,  a.  (caedo,)  destructive  to  one's  self  (214-5). 

612.  Sum,  I  am.     Es's-e,  to  be.     Ens  (erit-is),  be- 

ing.    Futu'r-us,  about  to  be. 


1.  FUTI/RITY,  n.  the  future. 

AB'SENT,  a.  not  present 
(357-2). 

ES'SENCE,  n.  the  peculiar 
quality  (230-2). 

INTERESTS,  n.  advantages 
(350-2). 


NONEN'TITY,  n.  nothing ;  non- 
existence  (582). 

PRES'ENCE,  n.  state  of  being 
present  (1-2). 

REPRESENT',  v.  portray  (7-5). 

ESSEN'TIAL,  a.  necessary;  in- 
dispensable (62-3). 


1.  Astrologers  professed  to  look  into  futurity,  and  prophesy  good 
or  evil,  from  the  position  of  the  stars. 

613.  Su'm-o,  I  take.    Sump't-um,  to  take. 


ASSUMPTION,   n.    supposition 

(350-2). 

CONSUMPTION,  n.  use  (548-1). 
ASSUME',  v.  to  take  (121-3). 


PRESUMP'TION,    n.    arrogance 

(121-3). 

SuMPi'uous,a.  expensive  (547). 
CONSUME'  (see  page  37). 


614.  Su'per,  high.  Supe'rior,  higher.  Supre'm-us, 

highest. 


1.  SUPER'LATIVE,  a.   (latum,) 
highest  in  degree. 
INSU'PERABLE,  a.  not  to  be 
overcome  (334-1). 
SUPERCIL'IOUS,  a.   (cilium, 
the   eyelid,)   haughty  (22- 
3). 
SUPERB',  a.  grand  (651-1). 


SUPE'RIOR,  a.  higher  in  excel- 
lence (66-3). 

SUPREM'ACY,  n.  supreme  power 
(180-9). 

SUPREME',  a.  highest  in  power 
(177-2). 

SOV'EREIGN,  n.  king  or  queen 


(75-4). 

1.  As  the  adjective  "perfect"  has  a  superlative  meaning,  the  ex- 
pression, "  more  perfect,"  seems  to  be  redundant. 

615.  Sur'g-o,  I  rise.    Surrec't-um,  to  rise. 


INSUR'GENT,  n.  a   rebel ;    one 
who  rises   in  opposition  to 
18 


civil  or  political  authority 
(701-2). 


206 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


INSURRECTION,  n.  a  rising  in 
rebellion  ;  opposition  to  the 
execution  of  law  (340). 


KESURREC'TION,  n.  rising  again 

from  the  dead  (582). 
SOURCE,  n.  origin  (528-4). 


616.  Taber'na,  a  shed ;  an  inn. 

1.  TAV'ERN,^.  an  inn  ;  a  pub-   TAB'ERNACLE,  n.  a  temporary- 
lie  house  for  entertainment.       habitation  (358-1). 
1.  A  favorite  sign  for  a  tavern,  was  "  The  Silent  Woman,"  repre- 
sented by  a  woman  with  her  head  cut  off. 

617.  Ta!c-eo9  I  am  silent.     Tac'it-um,  to  be  silent. 


TAC'IT,   a.   implied,   but    not 
expressed  (591-2). 

618.  Tarig-o,  I  touch. 

1.  INTACT',  a.  uninjured. 

2.  INTAN'GIBLE,  a.  not  capable 
of  being  touched. 

CONTA'GION,   n.   communi- 
cation of  disease  by  touch 


TAC'ITURN,  a.  not  free  to  con- 
verse (508-2). 

Tadt-um,  to  touch. 
CONTIGU'ITY,W.  contact(216-5). 
CONTIGUOUS,  a.  touching  (591- 

1). 
CONTINGENT,    a.     accidental 

(589-2). 
ENTIRE'LY,  adv.  wholly  (21-3). 


TACT,n.  peculiar  aptness  (124- 


(129). 

CON'TACT,    n.    a    touching 

(129). 

1.  The  dauntless  Poles  fought  with  desperation  to  preserve  their  little 
territory  intact  $  but,  assailed  at  every  vulnerable  part  by  such  an  ad- 
versary, they  first  became  tributary,  and  finally  were  compelled  to  accept 
the  ultimatum  of  Russia,  viz.,  the  total  extinguishment  of  their  kingdom. 

2.  We  believe  in  many  things  which  are  intangible  and  invisible; 
for  instance,  light,  heat,  and  electricity. 

619.  Tarit-US9  so  great ;  as  great. 
TANTAMOUNT,  a.  (mons,)  equivalent  (280-2). 

620.  Tce'di-um,  weariness. 
TE'DIOUS,  a.  wearisome  from  its  length  (18-2). 

621.  Te'g-o,  I  cover.    Tec't-um,  to  cover. 


1.  DETECT',  v.  to  discover. 
PROTECTION,   n.  preserva- 
tion (13-2). 


PROTECTORATE,?!,  government 
by  a  Protector ;  government 
of  Eng.,  1653-1658  (176). 


1.  A  remarkable  trait  in  Indian  character  is  the  power  to  detect  the 
trail  of  a  person  several  days  after  he  has  passed. 


LATIN    DERIVATIVES. 


207 


622.  Tem'per-o,  I  moderate.    Tempera't-um,  to 

moderate. 


TEM'PERAMENT,  n.  natural  or- 
ganization (509-1). 

TEM'PERANCE,  n.  moderation 
(121-4). 


TEM'PERATURE,  n.  degree  of 
heat  or  cold ;  condition  with 
respect  to  heat  and  cold 
(239-1). 


623.  Tem'p-us  (tem'por-is),  time. 


1.  TEM'PORIZE,  v.  to  yield  to 
the  current  of  opinion. 

EXTEMPORA'NEOUS,  a.  pro- 
duced at  the  time  (125-5). 

TEM'PORAL,  a.  not  everlast- 
ing (544-2). 


TENSE,  n.  that  attribute  of  a 
verb  by  which  it  expresses 
the  distinction  of  time  (255- 

i). 

TEM'PORARY,  a.  lasting  only  a 
time  (394-3). 


1.  "  The  more  you  are  willing  to  tewtpOTize,  the  more  contumacious 
will  these  rebels  become,"  said  the  opponents  of  Lord  North's  Concil- 
iatory Bill. 

624.  Terid-o,  I  stretch.    Teris-um  or  Terit-um, 

to  stretch. 


ATTEN'TION,  n.  application 
(246-1). 

EXTEN'SIVE,  a.  wide  -  spread 
(66-1). 

INTENSITY,  n.  vehemence  (593- 
2). 

INTEN'TION,  n.  design;  pur- 
pose; aim  (78-1). 

OsTENTA'TiON,w.ambitious  dis- 
play (415-3). 

OsTEN'siBLE,a.  seeming  (78-1). 

PRETENSION,  n.  claim  laid 
(179). 

PORTEND',  v.  to  foretoken  (598). 


EXTENT',  n.  compass  (125-3). 

SUPERINTENDING,  part,  over- 
seeing (189). 

TEN'DENCY,  n.  inclination  (18- 
2). 

ATTEND' ANTS,  n.  servants  (56- 

1). 
CONTENDED,   v.   argued    (43- 

6). 
INTENSIVE,  a.  serving  to  give 

force  (8-1). 

ATTEND',  v.  to  listen  to  (214). 
PORTENT'OUS,   a.    serving    to 

foretoken;  ominous  (92-2). 


625.  Teri-eo,  I  hold.    Terit-um,  to  hold. 


1.  ABSTINENCE,  n.  the  refrain- 
ing from  indulgence  of  ap- 
petite. 


2.  CONTINUITY,  n.   unbroken 
connection. 

3.  RETENTIVE,  a.  retaining. 


208 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


CONTIN'UAL,  a.  uninterrupted 

(216-8). 
DETEN'TION,   n.    confinement 

(593-2). 
ENTERTAIN',  v.  to  receive  with 

hospitality  (214-4). 
IMPER'TINENT,    a.     intrusive 

(56-5). 
PERTINA'CIOUS,    a.    inflexible 

(56-2). 
PERTINAC'ITY,  n.  inflexibility 

(75-1). 
SUS'TENANCE,  n.  support  (214- 

4). 


TEN'ABLE,  a.  capable  of  being 

maintained  (229). 
TENA'CIOUS,   a.    holding    fast 

(593-1). 
TEN'EMENT,™.  habitation  (522- 

7). 

TEN'URE,  n.  a  holding  (375). 
DETAIN',  v.  to  retain  (65-6). 
OBTAIN',  v.  to  acquire  (37-4). 
CONTAIN',  v.  comprise  (64-1). 
CONTINENTAL,  a.  relating  to  a 

continent  (54-1). 
CONTIN'UED,-  v.  persisted  (28- 

2). 


1.  Much  animadversion  has  been  cast  on  Cranmer ;  but  it  should  be 
remembered,  that,  weakened  by  imprisonment  and  long  abstinence, 
he  was  unable  to  controvert  the  statements  of  those  opposed  to  him. 

2.  Some  truths  are  perceived  by  intuition ;  but  others  are  only  arrived 
at  by  an  argument,  which  requires  continuity  of  thought. 

3.  Attention  and  application  to  study  are  worth  far  more  than  a  re- 
tentive memory. 

626.  Terit-o,  I  try.    Tenta!t-um,  to  try. 


ATTEMPT',  n.  endeavor;  an  ef- 


TEMPTA'TION,   n.   inducement 


fort  to  gain  a  point  (11-6).         (159). 

627.  Teriu-is,  thin,  slender. 

ATTEN'UATE,  v.  to  make  thin  I  ExTEN'uATEj-y.to  palliate  (551- 
(156-1).  |     2). 

628.  Ter'g-o,  I  make  clean.     Ter's-um,  to  make  clean. 
TERSE,  a.  elegant  and  concise   TERSE'NESS,  n.   elegance   and 

(18-4).  conciseness  (543-2). 

629.  Ter'min-us,  a  bound  or  limit. 


1.  CONTER'MINOUS,  a.  having 
a  common  boundary. 

DETERMINATION,  n.  resolu- 
tion (246-5). 

EXTERMINATE,  v.  to  destroy 
utterly  (103-2). 


INTER'MINABLE,  a.  endless  (68- 
3). 

TER'MINATE,  v.  to  come  to  an 
end  (85-1). 

DETER'MINED, -y. resolved;  con- 
cluded (638). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


209 


1.  As  Canada  and  the  United  States  are  conterminous,  it  is  of 
vital  importance  that  friendly  relations  should  be  maintained. 

630.  Te'r-o,  I  rub.    Tri't-um,  to  rub. 


1.  CONTBI'TION,  n.  repentance ; 
sorrow  for  sin. 
DET'BIMENT,  n.  injury  (542- 
1). 


DETBJMENT'AL,    a.    injurious 

(507). 
TRITE,  a.  well-worn;  having 

lost  its  novelty  (543-2). 


1.  To  tear  the  dress  and  put  ashes  on  the  head  was,  in  ancient  times, 
a  common  mode  of  expressing  contrition  and  sorrow. 


631.  Ter'r-a,  the  earth. 

1.  MEDITERRANEAN,  n.  (me- 
dius,)the  seabetween  Europe 
and  Africa. 

1.  TERRES'TRIAL,  a.  pertain- 
ing to  the  earth. 


SUBTERRANEAN,  a.  under  the 
surface  of  the  earth  (68- 
3). 

TERRITORY,  n.  a  district  (17- 
3). 


1.  The  ancients  gave  the  name  of  Mediterranean,  because  they 
supposed  it  to  be  in  the  middle  of  this  terrestrial  habitation. 

632.  Ter'r-eo,  I  fill  with  fear.    Ter'rit-um,  to  fill 
with  fear. 


1.  TERRIF'IC,  a.  frightful. 
DETER',  v.  to  stop  by  fear 
(641). 


TER'RIBLE,  a.  fearful  (20-3). 
TER'RIFY,  v.  to  fill  with  fear 
(641). 


1.  The  terrific  explosion  caused  by  the  bursting  of  a  torpedo  will 
destroy  a  large  ship,  though  it  is  an  iron-clad. 


633.  Tes't-is,  a  witness. 
1.  TES'TAMENT,  n.  a  will. 
1.  ATTEST',  v.  to  certify. 
1.  TESTA'TOR,?I.  one  who  makes 

a  will. 

CONTEST'ED,    p.    disputed 

(290-2). 
INTES'TATE,   a.   without  a 

will  (465-2). 


PROTEST',  v.  to  make  a  formal 

declaration  against  (98-2). 
PROT'ESTANTS,  n.   those   who 

join  in  a  protest  (85-2). 
TESTIMONY,  n.  that  which  is 

affirmed  by  a  witness  (287- 

3). 
CON' TEST,  n.  conflict  (609). 


1.  It  would  invalidate  a  will  or  testament,  if  there  were  no  witnesses 
to  attest  the  fact  that  the  testator  was  of  sound  mind. 
Jfl*  O 


210 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


634.  Tex't-um,  to  weave. 

1.  CON'TEXT,  n.  connected  pas- 
sages. 

1.  TEXT,  n.  a  passage  of  Scrip- 
ture. 


PRE'TEXT,™.  apretence  (195-1). 
TEXT'UKE,  n.  the   manner   in 

which   a   fabric    is    woven 

(178-1). 


1.  A  gross  perversion  of  truth  may  be  made  by  taking  a  text  without 
the  context. 

635.  Tim'-eo,  I  fear. 

INTIM'IDATE,  v.  to  terrify  (303).    TIM'ID,  a.  full  of  fear ;  wanting 
TIM'OROUS,  a.  full  of  fear  (285).       courage  (120-5). 

636.  Tirig-o,  I  dye.     Tinc't-um,  to  dye. 
TINT,  n.  slight  coloring  (117-1). 

637.  Titul-US,  title. 

1.  TI'TLE,  n.  appellation  of  dignity. 

1.  In  France,  an  Archbishop  has  the  title  of  Monseigneur,  usually 
abbreviated  to  Mgr. 

638.  Tol'er-o>  I  bear.    Toll-o,  I  lift  up. 

1.  TOLERA'TION,  n.  the  act  of    Toi/EBATE,v.to  endure  (285-2). 


tolerating. 


EXTOL', v.to  praise  highly  (432). 


1.  Some  of  the  Colonies  determined  to  grant  toleration  to  every 
religious  faith. 

639.  ToTrp-eo9  I  am  numb  or  torpid. 

TORPE'DO,   n.   a   machine   for  TOR'PID,  a.  inactive;    having 
blowing  up  ships  (632).  lost  motion  (152-1). 

640.  Tor'r-eo,  I  parch ;  I  burn. 

TOR'RENTS,  n.  strong  currents   TOR' RID,  a.  parched  with  heat 
(65-4).  (576-6). 

641.  Tor't-um,  to  twist.    Tormerit-um,  extreme 

pain. 

1.  TORT'UOUS,  a.  crooked.  RETORT'ED,  v.  threw  back  an 

objection  (286-1). 


TORT'UOUS,  a.  crooked. 
EXTORT',  v.  to  wrest  from 
(120-2). 

EXTOR'TION,  n.   oppressive 
exaction  (66-1). 


TOR'MENT,  n.  suffering  (365). 
TORT'URE,   n.    extreme   pain; 
suffering  (120-2). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


211 


1.  The  tortuous  course  of  some  African  rivers,  and  the  ferocious 
beasts  (which  lurk  on  the  umbrageous  banks),  were  formerly  sufficient 
to  terrify  explorers,  and  deter  them  from  even  making  an  attempt. 

642.  To't-US,  whole ;  all. 

1.  TOTAL'ITY,  n.  the  whole.      |  TO'TAL,  a.  entire  (133-1). 

1.  During  the  period  of  totality,  in  the  eclipse  of  1878,  there  was  a 
fine  opportunity  to  observe  the  corona  of  the  sun. 

643.  Tra'd-o,  I  deliver.    Trad'it-um,  to  deliver. 

1.  TREA'SON,  n.  disloyalty.        TRAI'TOR,  n.  one  who   levies 

2.  BETRAY',  v.  to  disclose.  war  against  his  country,  or 
TRADI'TION,  n.  that  which  is       who  adheres  to  its  enemies, 

transmitted  from  age  to  age       giving  them  aid,  etc.  (285- 
byoralcommunication(358).       3). 

1.  "  Treason  against  the  United  States  consists  only  in  levying  war 
against  them,  adhering  to  their  enemies,  etc." 

2.  Hamlet  determined  not  to  betray  his  suspicions,  but  to  keep  vigil 
himself,  and  see  if  a  figure  bearing  any  resemblance  to  his  father  would 
appear. 

644.  Tra'h-o9 1  draw.    Trac't-um,  to  draw. 


1.  PROTRACT',  v.  to  prolong. 

2.  DISTRACT',  v.  to  draw  away. 
AB'STRACT,  a.  existing   in 

the  mind  only  (241-2). 
ATTRACTIVE,  a.  engaging 
(591-1). 

DETRACTION,  n.  slander 
(56-2). 

EXTRACT',  v.  to  draw  out 
(134-2). 

PORTRAY',  v.  depict  (197-1). 
TRACT' ABLE,  a.  easily  man- 
aged (138-2). 


TREAT,  v.  to  use  (222-1). 

TREA'TY,  n.  a  league ;  a  cove- 
nant (17-1). 

CONTRACTION,  n.  the  act  of 
lessening  (485). 

CONTRACT',  v.  to  lessen  (60- 

2). 

POR'TRAIT,  n.  likeness  (313-1). 

TRACT,  n.  district  (414-1). 

TRAIT,  n.. distinguishing  char- 
acteristic (621). 

TREAT'MENT,  n,  usage  (133-1). 

ATTRACT'  (see  page  37). 


1.  There  was  no  desire  in  the  Berlin  Congress  to  protract  the  war. 

2.  A  sentry  must  be  vigilant,  and  allow  nothing  to  distract  his  at- 
tention. 

645.  Tranquil'l-us,  tranquil,  calm. 
TRANQUIL'LITY,  n.  quietness  (443). 


212 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


646.  Tre'm-o,  I  shake. 
TREMEN'DOUS,  a.  terrible;  ex-   TREM'ULOUS, 


a.     quivering ; 


citing  terror  (127).  shaking  (211-3). 

647.  Tres  (tri'a),  three. 

1.  TRIV'IAL,  a.  (via,)  unimportant. 

1.  During  the  voyage  to  Virginia,  the  most  trivial  remark  of  John 
Smith's,  was  regarded  as  intrusive  by  his  companions. 

648.  Trib'u-o,  I  give.    Tribu't-um,  to  give. 


ATTRIBUTABLE,  a.  ascribable 
(76-3). 

ATTRIB'UTE,  v.  to  ascribe ;  to 
impute  (7-1). 

CONTRIB'UTE,  v.  give  in  com- 
mon with  others  (241-5). 

DISTEJB'UTE,  v.  to  dispense 
(265-1). 

649.  Tru'd-o,  I  thrust. 
1.  INTRUDE',  v.   thrust  them- 
selves in. 

1.  INTRUD'ER,  n.  one  who  en- 
ters without  right. 

2.  PROTRUDE',  v.  to  thrust  out. 
lNTRu'siVE,a.  entering  with- 
out right  (647). 


KETRiBu'TiON,n.requital;  pun- 
ishment (584-3). 

RETRIB'UTIVE,  a.  requiting 
(250-6). 

TRIB'UTARY,  a.  contributive 
(618-1). 

TRIB'UTE,  n.  a  tax  paid  to  se- 
cure peace  (246-4). 

Tru's-um,  to  thrust. 

INTRUSION,  n.  entrance  with- 
out right  (477-2). 

ABSTRUSE',  a.  difficult  to  be 
comprehended  (232-1). 

ABSTRUSE'NESS,  n.  quality  of 
being  abstruse  (606-2). 

OBTRUDE'  (see  page  37). 


1.  Cuckoos  intrude  upon  any  nest,  whose  occupants  dare  not  ven- 
ture to  repel  the  intruder. 

2.  In  a  prairie-dog  village,  do  not  be  surprised  to  see  a  rattlesnake 
protrude  its  head  from  one  of  the  openings. 


650.  Trie-or,  I  view;  I  guard, 
guarding. 


Tu' it-US,  viewing; 


INTUI'TION,  n.  immediate  per- 
ception of  truth  (625-2). 

651.  Tu'me-o,  I  swell. 

1.  TOMB,  n.  sepulchre. 

2.  ENTOMB'MENT,™.  interment. 


TUI'TION,  n.  instruction  ;  the 
act  of  teaching  (589-1). 

Tum'b-a,  a  tomb. 
ENTOMB',  v.  to  inter ;    to  de- 
posit in  a  tomb  (600). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


213 


CONTUMA'CIOUS,    a.    obstinate 

(623). 
CON'TUMACY,  n.  contempt  of 

authority  (71-2). 


CON'TUMEL  Y,  n.  insolence  (204) . 
TU'MID, a.  swollen;  distended; 

inflated  (211-3). 
TU'MULT,  n.  a  commotion  (661). 


1.  The  Taj,  at  Agra,  in  India,  is  probably  the  most  superb  tomb  in 
the  world  ;  it  cost  £3,174,802. 

2.  The  buildings  designed  for  the  entombment  of  the  native  princes 
of  India  are  marvels  of  beauty. 

652.  Turid-O,  I  beat ;  I  bruise.     Tu's-um,  to  beat ; 

to  bruise. 
CoNTu'siON,n.  a  bruise  (124-4).  |  OBTUSE',  a.  dull  (176). 

653.  Tur'b-a,  a  crowd ;  a  bustle. 


DISTURBANCE,     n.    confusion 

(180-1). 
IMPERTURBABLE,  a.  not  to  be 

agitated  (146-3). 
PERTURBA'TION,  n.  agitation  of 


TUR'BULENCE,  n.  insubordina- 
tion  (192-1). 

TuR'BULENT,a.tumultuous(54- 
3). 

TROUBLESOME,  a.  causing  dis- 
turbance (54-3). 


mind  (64-5). 

654.  Tur'g-eo,  I  swell. 
1.  TUR'GID,  a.  bombastic. 

1.  At  a  time  when  a  turgid  style  was  common,  Bunyan  wrote  with 
great  simplicity. 

655.  Tur'r-is,  a  tower. 
1.  TUR'RET,  n.  a  little  tower. 

1.  A  turret  placed  at  the  corner  of  a  building  is  called  an  angle-turret. 

656.  Tfl'tim-US,  the  last.    Ul'tra,  beyond. 


1.  OUT' RAGE,  n.  gross  injury. 


UL'TIMATELY, 
(92-2). 


adv.  finally 


ULTE'RIOR,  a.  further  (550). 
ULTIMA'TUM,  n.  a  final  propo- 
sition (618-1). 


1.  The  umbrella  was  unknown  in  England  till  the  reign  of  Queen 
Anne,  and  then  its  advent  in  the  hands  of  a  man  subjected  him  to  abuse 
and  outrage. 

657.  TTm'br-a,  a  shade. 
UM'BRAGE,  n.  offence  (181-2).     UMBREL'LA,  n.  a  shade  carried 


UMBRA' GEOUS,  a.  affording  a 
shade;  shady  (641). 


in  the  hand  for  shelter  from 
rain  or  sun  (656). 


214 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


658.  Urid-a,  a  wave. 

1.  ABOUNDS',"^  exists  in  pro- 
fusion. 

2.  INUN'DATE,  v.  to  overflow. 
2.  UN'DULATE,   v.   to   rise   in 

waves. 

REDUN'DANT,  a.  superfluous 

(614). 


UN'DULATiNG,a.  rising  in  waves 

(75-14). 

ABUN'DANCE,n.profusion(107). 
SXJPEBABUN'DANCE,W.  excessive 

abundance  (541-1). 
ABUN'DANT,  a.  plentiful ;  fully 
sufficient  (377-2). 


1.  The  Californian  vulture  abounds  only  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

2.  Though  the  Nile  rises  sufficiently  to  inundate  the  country,  yet 
its  waters  are  found  to  undulate  so  little  as  to  be  scarcely  perceptible. 

659.  TTrigu-o,  I  anoint.     Unc't-um,  to  anoint. 

1.  OINT'MENT,  n.  tbat  which   1.  ANOINT',  v.  to  pour  oil  upon. 

serves  to  anoint.  UNCT'UOUS,  a.  oily  (365). 

1.  To  anoint  the  head  with  oil  or  with  some  precious  ointment 
was,  in  oriental  countries,  a  mark  of  special  favor. 

660.  U'n-us,  one. 
UNITY,  n.  oneness  (416-2). 
UNITE',  v.  to  join  (335-2). 


U'NIVEKSE,  n.  (verto,)  the 
whole  system  of  created 
things  (18-3). 


UNIVERSAL,  a.  (verto,)  com- 
prising the  whole  (255-1). 
UNIVERSALITY,  n.  (verto,)  un- 


limited 
7)- 


application     (65- 


661.  IT't-or,  I  use.     Ws-iis,  using. 
1.  USUKP',  v.  (rapio,)  to  seize 
without  right. 

DISUSE',  n.  cessation  of  use 
(35-4). 

Us'AGE,n.treatment(133-l). 

U'SUAL,  a.  common  (146-3). 


.  ordinarily(lSO) 
UTEN'SILS,  n.  implements  (430- 

2). 
UTii/iTY,w.profitableness(542- 

i). 

ABUSE',  n.  ill  treatment  (656). 


1.  Vague  rumors,  that  Caesar  intended  to  usurp  the  supreme  author- 
ity, abolish  long  established  customs,  and  proclaim  himself  Emperor,  pro- 
duced a  great  tumult  in  Rome. 

662.  Vac'c-a,  a  cow. 

VACCINA'TION,  n.  insertion  of   VAC'CINE,  a.  relating  to  a  cow 
vaccine  matter  (499).  (499-1). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


215 


663.  Va!c-o,  I  am  empty. 
EVACUA'TION,   n.  the   act  of 

going  out  (21-6). 
VACATE',  v.  to   make   empty 

(97-2). 


VAC'UUM,  n.  an  empty  space ; 
(some  assert  there  is  no  such 
thing  as  a  vacuum ;  "  Nature 
abhors  a  vacuum.")  (55-1). 


664.  Va'd-o,  I  go.     Va's-um,  to  go. 


1.  EVA'SIVELY,  adv.  in  a  man- 
ner to  avoid  a  direct  reply 
or  a  charge. 

EVA'SION,  n.  an  artifice  to 
elude  (509-3). 


INVASION,  n.   entrance   with 

hostile  intentions  (528-2). 
EVADE'  (see  page  38). 
INVADE'  (see  page  38). 
PERVADE'  (see  page  38). 


1.  To  the  question,  "Are  you  a  spy?"  Nathan  Hale  did  not  answer 
evasively 9  but  simply  said  "Yes." 

665.   Va'g-US,  wandering. 
1.  VAGA'RIES,  n.  fancies.          I  VAG'ABOND,^.  an  outcast  (211- 


EXTBAV'AGANCE,  n.  excess 
(66-1). 
EXTRAVAGANT,^  excessive 

(232-2). 


3). 
VA'GRANT,  a.  wandering  (94- 

3). 
VAGUE,  a.  indefinite  (661). 


1.  "Who  can  account  for  the  strange  vagaries  which  are  apt  to  delude 
us  in  our  sleep  ? 

666.   Va!l-eo9  I  am  strong.     Voile,  farewell. 
1.  INVAL'ID,   a.   of    no  legal   PEEV'ALENT,  a.  current  (170- 
•  force. 


AVAIL' ABLE,  a.  capable  of 
being  used  with  advantage 
(54-2). 

CONVALESCENT,  a.  recover- 
ing health  (168-1). 
INVALIDATE,  v.  lessen  the 
force  of  (633). 
INVAL'UABLE  ,  a.  inestimable 
(168-1). 


PREVAIL',  v.  succeed  (266). 

VALEDIC'TORY,??-.  (dico,)  a  fare- 
well address  (543-2). 

VAL'IANT,  a.  brave  (24-2). 

VAL'ID,  a.  of  legal  force  (11-5). 

VAL'OR,  n.  bravery  (92-3). 

VAL'UABLE,  a.  having  worth 
(319-2). 

VAL'UE,  n.  worth  (43-2). 


1.  In  1687,  Andross  determined  to  declare  the  Charter  of  Connecticut 
invalid,  and  consolidate  the  province  with  New  York ;  by  an  adroit 
stratagem  the  Assembly  managed  to  circumvent  him. 


216  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

667.  Vdl'l-um,  a  rampart ;  a  bulwark. 
OIRCUMVALLA'TION,  n.  a  line  of  defences  surrounding  the 

camp  of  a  besieging  army  (60-2). 

668.  Var'ic-0,  I  straddle. 
PREVAB/ICATE,  v.  to  equivocate  (482). 

669.  Ve'h-o,  I  carry.     Vec't-um,  to  carry. 


1.  CONVEX'ITY,    n.    state    of 
bulging  out. 

2.  CON' VEX,  a.  swelling  into  a 
rounded  form. 

3.  VEX,  v.  to  irritate. 


4.  VE'HICLE,  n.  a  carriage. 

5.  VEXA'TION,  n.  irritation. 
INVEIGH',  v.  to  rail  against 
(208). 

lNVEc'TiVE,w.reproach(39). 


1.  To  convey  the  idea  of  convexity,  use  the  outside  of  an  orange. 
L.  What  proofs  can  you  bring  to  verify  the  statement,  that  the  surface 
of  the  earth  is  convex  ? 

3.  Few  events  in  Washington's  administration  seemed  to  vex  him  so 
much  as  St.  Glair's  defeat  by  the  Indians ;  none  of  the  excuses  served 
to  exonerate  St.  Clair  from  the  charge  of  mismanagement. 

4.  The  jaunting-car  of  Ireland  is  a  curious  vehicle 9  which  a  volup- 
tuary would  not  find  quite  so  easy  as  a  palace-car. 

5.  The  numerous  failures  of  Palissy  the  potter,  caused  much  vex- 
ation to  his  wife  and  family. 

670.  Vel'l-o9  I  tear.     Vuls-um,  to  tear. 
CONVUL'SION,  n.  any  violent  and  irregular  motion  (490). 

671.  Ve'l-O,  I  cover  ;  I  conceal.      Vo'lup,  agreeably. 


1.  DEVEL'OP,  v.  to  disclose. 

2.  VEIL,  n.  a  cover. 

2.  ENVEL'OP,  v.  to  enclose. 


KEVEAL',  v.  disclose  (417-1). 
REVELA'TION,  n.  a  disclosing 
of  what  was  hidden  (115-1). 


1.  When  yellow  fever  is  about  to  develop  itself,  physicians  are 
aware  that  other  diseases  are  likely  to  supervene. 

2.  When  a  Moslem  woman  goes  in  the  street  she  thinks  it  necessary 
to  envelop  herself  in  a  veil. 

672.  Verid-o,  I  sell. 

1.  VEND,  v.  sell.  12.  VE'NAL,  a.  corrupt. 

1  VEND'ER,  n.  seller.  I       VENDUE',™.  an  auction  (43). 

i.  In  London,  the  term  costermonger  is  applied  to  a  vender  of  small 
wares,  or  to  those  who  vend  articles  on  the  streets. 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


217 


2.  A  corrupt  sovereign  can  usually  find  a  venal  prea  «o  malign  the 
character  of  any  one  who  opposes  him. 


673.  Ve'ni-o,  I  come.     Verit-um,  to  come. 


1 


.  CONTRAVENE',  v.  to  contra- 
dict. 

AV'ENUE,  n.  any  opening 
by  which  a  place  may  be 
reached  (688-1). 

AD'VENT,  n.  a  coming  to ; 
appearance  (656). 

ADVENTITIOUS,  a.  accident- 
al (177-5). 

CIRCUMVENT',  v.  to  deceive 
by  stratagem  (666). 

CONVENTION,  n.  assembly 
(94-1). 

CONVENTIONAL,  a.  sanc- 
tioned by  usage  (543-1). 

VEN'TUR-E,  n.  to  dare  (649). 

COV'ENANTERS,  n.  those  who 


have    signed    a     covenant 

(120-2). 

EVENT',  n.  circumstance  (23). 
EVENT'UALLY,  adv.  in  the  issue 

(415-1). 
INVEN'TION,  n.  the  making  of 

that  which  did  not  exist  be- 
fore (35-4). 
SUPERVENE',  v.  to  come  upon 

as     something     extraneous 

(671-1). 

KEV'ENUE,  n.  income  (11-6). 
PREVENTIVE,   n.   that   which 

hinders  (52-3). 

PREVENT',  v.  to  hinder  (288-1). 
INTERVENE'  (see  page  38). 
CONVENE'  (see  page  38). 


1.  The  opponents  of  Galileo  (gal-e-lee'-o)  tried  every  method  to  con- 
/avene  his  theory,  and  to  convince  the  people  that  the  sun  moved 
around  the  earth. 


674.  Verit-us,  the  wind. 

1 .  VEN'TIL ATE ,  v .  to  afford  free 


2.  VENT,  n.  an  opening  for  air 
or  any  fluid  to  escape. 


circulation  of  air. 

1.  The  air  of  a  school-room  soon  becomes  impure;  to  obviate  the  de- 
fect, it  is  necessary  to  ventilate  the  room. 

2.  In  every  mine  there  should  be  a  vent  for  the  escape  of  foul  air. 

675.  Ver'b-um,  a  word. 

1.  VERB  A'TIM  A  word  for  word. 

2.  VERB,  n.  a  word  which  af- 
firms. 

3.  VERB'AL,  a.  oral ;  not  writ- 
ten. 

AD' VERB,  n.  a  part  of  speech 
(8-1). 
19 


PROV'ERB,  n.  maxim;  an  old, 

common  saying  (561-6). 
VER'BIAGE,  n.  superabundance 

of  words  (543-1). 
VERBOS'ITY,  n.  the  use  of  more 

words   than    are   necessary 

(543-2). 


218 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


1.  Rules  and  definitions  should  be  studied  verbatim,  lest,  by  some 
inadvertence,  an  important  error  should  occur. 

2.  In  acquiring  a  language,  it  is  necessary  to  devote  much  time  to  the 
study  of  the  verb. 

3.  Some  verbal  changes  have  taken  place,  since  King  James  gave  us 
the  present  version  of  the  Bible,  in  1611. 

676.  Ve're-or,  I  fear. 


1.  REV'EREND,  a.  worthy   of 


reverence. 


REVERE',  v.  to  regard  with 
respect  and  fear  (50-2). 


IRREV'ERENT,   a.  wanting   in 

respect  (544-1). 
REVEREN'TIAL,  a.   expressing 

reverence  (125-7). 


1.  The  word  reverend  occurs  but  once  in  the  Bible  —  "Holy  and 
reverend  is  his  name." 

677.  Ver'g-o,  I  bend,  I  incline. 

1.  CONVERGE',  v.  tend  towards  VERGE,  n.  the  brink  (85-4). 

each  other.  DIVERGE'  (see  page  38). 

1.  Lines  which  diverge  in  one  direction  must  necessarily  converge 
in  the  opposite  direction ;  and  the  converse,  of  course,  is  true  that  con- 
verging lines  must  diverge. 

678.  Ver'm-is,  a  worm. 

VER'MIN,  n.  noxious  little  animals,  insects,  etc.  (64-2). 

679.  Ver't-o,  I  turn.     Ver's-um,  to  turn. 


1.  IRREVERSIBLE,  a.  not  ca- 
pable of  being  revoked. 

1.  ADVER'SITY,  n.  calamity. 

2.  CON'TROVERSY,  n.  disputa- 
tion. 

3.  VERSATILITY,  n.  capability 
of  turning  to  new  subjects. 

4.  lNVERSE'LY,a.inaninverted 
manner. 

ADVERSARY,  n.  an  enemy 

(618-1). 
ADVERTISE',  v.  to  publish  a 

notice  (11-2). 

ANIMADVER'SION,  n.   (ani- 
mus,) censure  (625-1). 


AVER'SION,  n.  dislike  (285-2). 
AD'vERSE,a.  calamitous  (75-8). 
CONVERSATION,      n.       inter- 
course (8-1). 
CONVERSION,  n.  radical  change 

of  moral  character  (214-1). 
CON'VERSE,  n.  a  proposition  in 

which  the  order  is  inverted 

(677). 
CON'TROVERT,  v.  to  oppose  in 

argument  (625-1). 
DIVORCE',  n.  dissolution  of  the 

marriage  contract  (43-4). 
DIVERSIONS,   n.    amusements 

(495). 


LATIN   DERIVATIVES. 


219 


DIVERSITY,  n.  variety  (323). 

DIVERSIFY,  v.  to  vary  (589-1). 

lNADVER'TENCE,n.heedlessness 
(675-1). 

PERVER'SION,  n.  a  wrong  in- 
terpretation (634). 

REVERSED',  v.  changed  to  an 
opposite  course  (22-2). 

SUBVERSIVE,  a.  tending  to 
overthrow  (246-6). 

VER'TEX,  n.  the  point  where  the 
lines  of  an  angle  meet  (20-1). 


VERSED,  a.  skilled  (93-2). 

VER'TICAL,  a.  directly  over- 
head (576-6). 

VER'SION,  n.  translation  (675- 
3). 

CONVERT'  (see  page  38). 

DI'VERSE  (see  page  38). 

PERVERT'  (see  page  38). 

SUBVERT'  (see  page  38). 

ADVERT'  (see  page  38). 

AVERT'  (see  page  38). 

TRAV'ERSE  (see  page  38). 


1.  Raman,  supposing  the  King's  decree  to  be  irreversible,  rejoiced 
greatly  at  the  adversity  he  was  bringing  upon  the  Jews.     Esther, 
after  devout  supplication  to  God,  revealed  the  plot  to  the  King,  and  ob- 
tained a  complete  victory  over  the  wicked  Haman. 

2.  Henry  VIII.  delighted  in  controversy ;  but  as  he  would  main- 
tain an  opinion  which  was  obviously  incorrect,  his  opponent  had  no  alter- 
native but  to  lapse  into  silence. 

3.  The  graphic  descriptions  in  Milton's  beautiful  epic  exhibit  the  won- 
derful versatility  of  his  genius. 

4.  Light,  heat,  and  gravitation  are  inversely  as  the  square  of  the 
distance. 

680.  Ve'r-us,  true.    Ve'rax  (vera'cis),  veracious. 


VERAc'iTY,n.truthfulness(422- 

2). 
VER'iTABLE,a.genuine(358-l). 


VER'IFY,  v.  to  prove  to  be  true 

(669-2). 
VER'ITY,  n.  truth  (572-2). 


681.  Vestig'i-um,  a  footstep. 


INVESTIGATE,  v.  to  search  into 
(410-2). 


VES'TIGE,  n.  a  trace ;  a  track 
or  footstep  (380-1). 


682.  Ves't-is,  a  garment. 

VEST'URE,  n.  a  robe ;  garments ;   VESTS,  v.  puts  in  possession  of 
dress  (505-2).  (522-1). 

683.  Ve'to,  I  forbid. 

VE'TOED,  v.  said ;  "  I  forbid  "  (198-1). 


220 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


684:.  Ve't-us  (vet'er-is),  old ;  ancient. 


INVET'ERATE,  a.  fixed  by  long 
continuance  (148-1). 

685.  Vi'-a,  a  way. 
DEVIA'TION,  n.  turning  aside 

(65-11). 
IMPER'VIOUS,  a.  impenetrable 

(156-2). 
OB'VIATE,  v.  to  remove  (674-1). 


OB'VIOUS,  a.  evident  (140-8). 

686.  Vici!n-US9  near  in  place. 
VICIN'ITY,  n.  nearness  (576-4). 

687.  Vi'c-is,  change. 

1.  VIC'AR,  n.  one  deputed  to 
perform  the  functions  of  an- 
other. 


VET'ERAN,  n.  an   old  soldier 
(550). 


OB'VIOUSLY,  adv.  evidently 
(679-2). 

PRE'VIOUSLY,  adv.  in  time  pre- 
ceding (94-3). 

VOY'AGE,  n.  a  journey,  espe- 


cially by  water  (44-1). 


2.  VICIS'SITUDE,    n.    change; 


officer  deputed  to  exercise 
the  powers  of  a  sovereign 
(234). 


VICE-PRES'IDENT,  n.   (sedeo,) 
one  in  place  of  the  President 


revolution. 
VICE-GE'RENT,  n.  (gero,)  an 

1.  Goldsmith,  in  the  "  Vicar  of  Wakefield,"  has  made  the  Primrose 
family  famous. 

2.  In  every  vicissitude  of  fortune,  Margaret,  Queen  of  Henry  VI., 
was  consoled  by  the  steady  adherence  of  the  House  of  Lancaster. 

688.  Vid'e-o,  I  see.     Vi's-um,  to  see. 


1.  SURVEY',  v.  to  look  over. 
1.  VIS'TA,  n.  prospect  through 


an  avenue. 


2.  PROVI'SO,  n.  exception  pro- 
vided for. 

EV'IDENCE,  n.  proof  (286-1). 

Ev'iDENT,a.  apparent  (138- 
3). 

INVISIBLE,  a.  not  to  be  seen 
(618-2). 

PROVIDE',  v.  to  prepare  ;  to 
supply  (13-1). 


PROV'IDENCE,  n.  forethought 
(557). 

ADVICE',  n.  counsel ;  intelli- 
gence (56-5). 

PROVIDING,  part,  supplying 
(18-1). 

PROVISION,  n.  special  enact- 
ment (62-2). 

PRU'DENT,  a.  careful ;  wise 
(140-6). 

SUPERVISION,  n.  oversight 
(557). 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


221 


Vis' AGE,  n.   the  countenance 


(509). 
VIEW,  n.  appearance  (177-1). 


VIS'IBLE,  a.  capable  of  being 


seen  (428-1). 
VIS'ION,  n.  sight  (42-2). 

1.  To  survey  the  Chapel  of  Trinity  College,  England,  through  the 
vista  formed  by  a  noble  avenue  of  trees,  affords  one  of  the  finest  sights 
in  Cambridge. 

2.  The  Constitution  makes  this  proviso  to  the  power  of  amendment : 
"That  no  State  shall,  without  its  consent,  be  deprived  of  its  "  vote  in  the 
Senate. 


689.  Vi'gil,  awake ;  watchful. 


VIG'ILANT,  n.  attentive  to  dis- 
avoid    danger 


cover    and 
(644-2). 


VIG'IL,  n.  watch ;  abstinence 
from  sleep  (643-2). 


690.  Vi'gor,  strength ;  energy. 

INVIG'ORATE,  v.  to  strengthen   VIG'OK,  n.  energy ;  strength  of 
(115-2).  mind  or  body  (75-2). 

691.  Viric-O,  I  conquer.     Vic't-um,  to  conquer. 


1.  CONVICT',  v.  to  pronounce 
guilty. 

2.  VAN'QUISH,  v.  to  conquer. 

3.  VIC'TOE,  n.  conqueror. 
CONVINCE',  v.  to  persuade 

(673). 

CONVINCED',  p.  persuaded 
(11-3). 


EVINCE',  v.  to  exhibit  (585). 

INVIN'CIBLE,  a.  unconquerable 
(204-4). 

PROV'INCE,  n.  a  country  sub- 
ject to  a  foreign  power  (22). 

VIC'TOKY,  n.  success  over  an 
enemy  (321-2). 

VIC'TIM,™.  a  sacrifice;  a  person 
or  thing  sacrificed  (228-2). 


CONVIC'TION,  n.  belief  (54). 

1.  Two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act  are  necessary,  in  the  United 
States,  to  convict  a  person  of  treason. 

2.  From  334  to  324  B.  C.,  Alexander  the  Great  was  able  to  van- 
quish all  who  opposed  him. 

3.  The  victor  in  ancient  games  was  crowned  with  a  wreath  of  laurel. 

692.   Virid-ex  (viri  die-is),  a  defender  ;  an  avenger 


REVENGE',  v.  to  vindicate  (21- 

5). 
VEN'GEANCE,  n.  recompense  of 

evil  (228-2). 
19* 


VIN'DICATE,  v.  to  defend  (371- 

4). 
ViNDic'TiVE,a.revengeful(451- 

4). 


222  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


693.  Vi'n-um,  wine. 

1.  VI'NOUS,  a.  having  the  qual- 
ities of  wine. 

2.  VIN'TAGE,  n.  the  gathering 
of  the  crop  of  grapes. 


GRAPE-VINE,  n.  a  climbing- 
plant  (56-8). 

VIN'EGAR,  n.  (acer,)  an  acid 
liquor  (3-1). 


1.  Many  articles  besides  grapes  have  vinous  qualities ;  large  quanti- 
ties of  wine  are  made  from  berries. 

2.  The  time  of  the  vintage  in  France  is  a  period  of  great  hilarity.. 

694.  Viola' t-um,  to  injure. 
1.  VI'OLENT,  a.  forcible ;  ve-   VIOLATION,   n.   transgression 


hement. 


(500). 


1.  Care  should  be  taken  that  gymnastic  exercises  are  not  too  violent. 

695.  Vir,  a  man. 

1.  VIRA'GO,  n.  A  bold  woman. 

1.  Xantippe,  the  wife  of  Socrates,  was  a  virago,  noted  for  her  vul- 
garity and  voluble  tongue. 

696.  Vir't-US,  valor ;  moral  goodness. 
1.  VIR'TUE,  n.  moral  excellence. 

1.  Cornelia,  a  Roman  matron,  noted  for  her  virtue  and  probity, 
showed  her  maternal  affection  by  exhibiting  her  sons  as  her  "jewels." 

697.  Vi'r-us,  poison. 

VIR'ULENCE,    n.    malignancy  VIR'ULENT,  a.  malignant  (699- 
(489-2).  2). 

698.  Vi't-O,  I  shun,  I  avoid. 

1.  INEV'ITABLY,  adv.  unavoid-   INEVITABLE,  a.   unavoidable 

ably.  (35-8). 

1.  Knowing  what  must  inevitably  follow  the  occupation  of  New 
York  by  the  British,  the  patriots  hastened  to  remove  all  confiscable  prop- 
erty. 

699.  Vitr -um,  glass. 

1.  VIT'RIFY,  v.  to  convert  into   2.  VIT'RIOL,  n.  sulphuric  acid ; 

glass.  a  soluble  sulphate  of  a  metal. 

1.  In  Scotland,  there  are  old  stone  enclosures  which  look  like  coarse 
glass,  but  what  has  caused  the  stone  to  vitrify  is  not  known. 


LATIN  DERIVATIVES. 


223 


2.  When  virulent  poisons,  such  as  vitriol 9  arsenic,  etc.,  have  been 
taken  in  small  quantities,  a  physician  may  be  able  to  neutralize  their 
effects. 

700.  Vi'v-o,  I  live.     Vitit-um,  to  live. 


1.  VIV'IFY,  v.  endue  with  life. 

2.  SURVIVE',  v.  to  continue  to 
live. 

CONVIV'IAL,  a.  festive  (185). 
VIV'ID,  a.  lively  (173-2). 


VIC'TUALS,  n.  food  (477-1). 


VI'TAL,  a. 
(629-1). 


highly    important 


VivAc'iTY,n.liveliness  (168-1). 
KEVIVE'  (see  page  39). 


1.  How  quickly,  after  a  long  winter,  does  the  returning  sun  disperse 
the  clouds  and  gloom,  and  vivify  the  face  of  nature. 

2.  Few  persons  from  a  southern  latitude  are  likely  to  survive  the 
rigors  of  an  Arctic  winter. 

701.  Vo'c-o,  I  call.     Voca!t-nm9  to  call. 


1.  VOCIF'ERATES,  v.  (fero,)  ut- 
ters with  a  loud  voice. 

2.  INVOKE',  v.  to  ask  solemnly. 
AD'VOCATE,   n.    a    pleader 

(64-5). 

AVOCA'TION,  n.  employment 
(140-7). 

CONVOCATION,  n.  an  assem- 
bly (22-2). 

EQUIV'OCAL,    a.     (aequus,) 
ambiguous  (608-1). 
INVOCATION,      n.     prayer 
(462). 

IRREVOCABLE,  a.  not  cap- 
able of  being  repealed  (64-5). 


PROVOKE',  v.  to  irritate  (121-1). 

PROVOCATION,  n.  cause  of  re- 
sentment (204-4). 

VOCAB'ULARY,  n.  a  dictionary ; 
a  list  of  words  (139-3). 

VO'CAL,  a.  relating  to  the  voice 
(94-2). 

VOCA'TION,™.  business  (319-2). 

VOICE,  n.  sound  uttered  by  the 
mouth  (42-2). 

VOCIF'EROUS,  a.  (fero,)  noisy 
(43-1). 

VOW'EL,  n.  a  letter  (321-1). 

REVOKE',  v.  to  repeal  (140-7). 

CONVOKE'  (see  page  39). 


1.  Before  making  a  proclamation  in  court,  a  crier  vociferates,  three 
times,  "  0  yes ;  "  meaning  "  oyez"  attend. 

2.  Rev.  Mr.  Duche,  appointed  by  the  First  Congress  to  invoke  the 
blessing  of  God  upon  the  American  cause,  was  so  afraid  of  being  con- 
sidered an  insurgent  that  he  fled  to  Nova  Scotia. 


702.  Vo'l-o,  I  fly. 

VOL'ATILE,   a.   fickle ; 

evaporated  (124-1). 


Vola't-um,  to  fly. 


easily 


VOL'LEY,  n. 
(438-1). 


a   flight   of  shot 


224 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


703.  Vo'l-o,  I   will; 


I    desire, 
desire. 


Volurit-as,  will; 


1.  BENEV'OLENCE,    n.  (bene,) 

desire  to  do  good. 
1.  VOL'UNTARY,    a.    without 

compulsion. 


2.  MALEVOLENCE,  n.  (malus,) 
ill-will. 

VOLUNTEERS',  n.  voluntary 
soldiers  (30-1). 


1.  The  benevolence  of  Regulus  and  his  voluntary  return  to  Car- 
tnage,  have  immortalized  him  in  Roman  history. 

2.  Such  was  the  malevolence  of  Cato,  towards  Carthage,  that  every 
speech  on  the  subject  ended  with  "  Carthage  must  be  destroyed." 


704.  Volup't-as,  pleasure. 


VOLUP'TUOUS,   a.    devoted   to 


VOLUP'TUARY,  n.  one  who  is 


KEVOLU'TION, 


an     entire 


luxury  and  pleasure  (124-1).       devoted  to  pleasure  (669-4). 

705.  Vol'v-o,  I  roll.     Volu't-um,  to  roll. 

1.  EVOLVE',  v. to  roll  out;  pro- 
duce ;  disclose. 

2.  VOL'UME,  n.  a  book. 
INVOLVES',  v.  implies,  im- 
plicates (170-4). 

KEVOLT',  v.  to  renounce  al- 
legiance (246-5). 


change  in  government  (11- 

6).    ' 

VOL'UBLE,  a.  fluent  in  speech 

(695). 
KEVOLVE',  v.   move   round  a 

centre  (576-2). 


1.  It  is  interesting  to  go  into  a  factory  and  watch  the  workmen,  as 
they  evolve  the  beautiful  white  paper  from  rags. 

2.  We  call  a  book  a  volume ,  although  it  is  no  longer  a  roll. 

706.  Vo'ro,  I  devour. 
1.  OMNIV'OROUS,    a.    (omnis,) 
eating  everything. 
DEVOURED',  v.  ate  up  greed- 
ily (177-4). 


VORAC'ITY,  n.  greediness  of 
appetite  (451-1). 

GARNI V'OROUS,  a.  (caro,)  eat- 
ing flesh  (249-1). 


1.  Man  is  omnivorous;  this  is  shown  by  the  shape  of  the  teeth. 

707.  Vo've-o,  I  vow.     Vo't-um,  to  vow. 


1.  VO'TARY,  n.  one  devoted  to 
some  particular  object. 

2.  AVOWED',^. declared  openly. 
DEVOUT',  a.  earnest  and  sol- 
emn (679-1). 


DEVOTE',  v.  to  give  up  wholly 
(675-2). 

DEVOTEE',  n.  one  who  is  dedi- 
cated (305-1). 

VOTE,  n.  suffrage  (688-2). 


REVIEW    OF   ROOTS.  225 

1.  Queen  Elizabeth,  the  votary  of  pleasure,  was  subject  to  attacks 
of  the  deepest  melancholy. 

2.  In  1776,  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette  avowed  his  determination  to 
espouse  the  cause  of  the  American  Colonies. 

708.   Vul'g-US,  the  common  people. 


DIVULGE',  v.  to  make  known 

(167). 
VUL'GAR,  a.  common  (75-12). 


VUL'GAKISM,W.  vulgarity  (179- 

1). 
VULGARITY,  n.  grossness  (695). 


709.  Vul'n-us  (vul'ner-is),  a  wound. 


1.  INVUL'NERABLE,  a.  not  ca- 


VUL'NERABLE,  a.  capable  of 


pable  of  being  wounded.  being  wounded  (618-1). 

1.  The  mother  of  Achilles,  in  order  to  render  him  invulnerable, 
dipped  him  in  the  river  Styx. 

710.  Vul'tur,  a  vulture. 
VUL'TUBE  n.  a  ravenous  and  carnivorous  bird  (658-1). 


REVIEW  OF  ROOTS. 

25.  —  1.  Acidulate.  2.  Centennial.  3.  Pusillanimous.  4.  Acetifica- 
tion.  5.  Cogent.  6.  Coalesce.  7.  Preamble.  8.  Anguish.  9.  Ancient. 
10.  Acumen.  11.  Adulation.  12.  Cogitate.  13.  Enemy.  14.  Acerbity. 
15.  Inimical.  16.  Pilgrims.  17.  Agile.  18.  Litigious.  19.  Navigable. 
20.  Aperture.  21.  Amplification.  22.  Inalienable.  23.  Centennial. 
24.  Unanimity.  25.  Acrid. 

50.  —  1.  Terraqueous.  2.  Coerce.  3.  Aviary.  4.  Inertia.  5.  Ben- 
efice. 6.  Adapt.  7.  Argentiferous.  8.  Arbitrament.  9.  Exercise.  10. 
Articles.  11.  Arduous.  12.  Obedience.  13.  Auspices.  14.  Author.  15. 
Arboriculture.  16.  Armada.  17.  Benign.  18.  Belligerent.  19.  Atroci- 
ties. 20.  Audience.  21.  Audacious.  22.  Auriferous.  23.  Aqueduct. 
24.  Arson.  25.  Adulterate. 

75.  —  1.  Charms.  2.  Decisive.  3.  Scald.  4.  Boil.  5.  Incensed. 
6.  Incident.  7,  Biscuit.  8.  Bounty.  9.  Imbibed.  10.  Abbreviate.  11. 
Calamitous.  12.  Suicide.  13.  Eecipe  (re'-ci-pe).  14.  Cherished.  15. 
Precipice.  16.  Ceaseless.  17.  Armament.  18.  Barbarous.  19.  Auxil- 
iary. 20.  Exercise.  21.  Aviary.  22.  Authority.  23.  Incentive.  24. 
Ancestor.  25.  Peregrinations. 

P 


226  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

100. —  1.  Discriminating.  2.  Centennial.  3.  Celebration.  4.  In- 
cinerate. 5.  Disconcert.  6.  Cloister.  7.  Concern.  8.  Ascertain.  9.  Suc- 
cinct. 10.  Chart.  11.  Clinical.  12.  Seclusion.  13.  Clandestinely.  14. 
Clarion.  15.  Civic.  16.  Quadrangle.  17.  Arduous.  18.  Exaggeration. 

19.  Enmity.     20.  Coerce.     21.  Exigency.     22.  Agrarian.     23.  Alterca- 
tion.    24.  Inert.     25.  Concise. 

150.  —  1.  Render.  2.  Digit.  3.  Dentifrice.  4.  Contradictory.  5. 
Recourse.  6.  Condemn.  7.  Codicil.  8.  Cultivate.  9.  Dial.  10.  Incre- 
dulity. 11.  Corpulency.  12.  Discouragement.  13.  Corollary.  14.  Pro- 
crastination. 15.  Discrepancy.  16.  Recriminate.  17.  Proxy.  18.  Cru- 
sade. 19.  Decennial.  20.  Dictates.  21.  Indicate.  22.  Predominate. 
23.  Divination.  24.  Sinecure.  25.  Cruel. 

200.  —  1.  Festival.  2.  Sobriety.  3.  Equilibrium.  4.  Ambient. 
5.  Fallacious.  6.  Pontiff.  7.  Preface.  8.  Confederacy.  9.  Extraneous. 
10.  Conduit.  11.  Domicile.  12.  Dormitory.  13.  Domineer.  14.  Con- 
dole. 15.  Indomitable.  16.  Fatal.  17.  Edacity.  18.  Familiar.  19. 
Sample.  20.  Strange.  21.  Fanatic.  22.  Fierce.  23.  Affability.  24. 
Pestiferous.  25.  Deign. 

250.  —  1.  Effigy.  2.  Granite.  3.  Glutton.  4.  Degree.  5.  Primo- 
geniture. 6.  Generated.  7.  Perfumery.  8.  Fratricide.  9.  Flagrant. 
10.  Flexible.  11.  Fluctuate.  12.  Confute.  13.  Fictitious.  14.  Feigned. 

15.  Fixed.     16.  Efflorescence.     17.  Fruition.     18.  Comfort.     19.  Fossils. 

20.  Irrefragable.     21.  Agree.     22.  Gesture.     23.  Effluvium.     24.  Florid. 
25.  Funeral. 

300.  — 1.  Hosts.  2.  Cite.  3.  Rejuvenescence.  4.  Fine.  5.  In- 
trinsic. 6.  Isolated.  7.  Host.  8.  Grief.  9.  Hesitate.  10.  Govern.  11. 
Horrible.  12.  Inanition.  13.  Adjacent.  14.  Conjure.  15.  Injurious. 

16.  Joke.     17.  Prolix.     18.  Collateral.    19.  Dilate.    20.  Lachrymal.    21. 
Collapse.    22.  Dejection.    23.  Itinerant.     24.  Imitation.     25.  Egregious. 

350.  —  1.  Dialects.  2.  Merchandise.  3.  Reminiscence.  4.  Maritime. 
5.  Circumlocution.  6.  Lunatic.  7.  Heir.  8.  Emanate,  9.  Soliloquy. 
10.  Allegiance.  11.  Relief.  12.  Mercenary.  13.  Alleviate.  14.  Deliv- 
ery. 15.  Relinquish.  16.  Malicious.  17.  Remain.  18.  Medical.  19. 
Premeditated.  20.  Permeate.  21.  Relic.  22.  Ludicrous.  23.  Professed. 
24.  Efficacious.  25.  Locomotion.  26.  Deliberation. 

400.  —  1.  Litigious.  2.  Immigration.  3.  Eminent.  4.  Nuptials. 
5.  Deny.  6.  Maladministration.  7.  Misery.  8.  Moribund.  9.  Para- 
mount. 10.  Summon.  11.  Nudity.  12.  Multifarious.  13.  Recon- 
noitring. 14.  Diminish.  15.  Promiscuous.  16.  Ammunition.  17.  Nau- 
tical. 18.  Equinoctial.  19.  Nefarious.  20.  Supernumeraries.  21. 
Meandering.  22.  Matter.  23.  Admonish.  24.  Municipal.  25.  Musician. 


REVIEW    OF   ROOTS.  227 

450.  —  1,  Ocular.  2.  Enunciation.  3.  Adult.  4.  Oriental.  5.  Peer. 
6.  Circuit.  7.  Enumerate.  8.  Impediment.  9.  Penitence.  10.  Peculate. 
11.  Impatient.  12.  Particle.  13.  Expansion.  14.  Reparation.  15. 
Ordinary.  16.  Exonerate.  17.  Redolent.  18.  Omnipotent.  19.  Ornate. 
20.  Oval.  21.  Peroration.  22.  Exorbitant.  23.  Obsolete.  24.  Compen- 
sate. 25.  Oblivion. 

500.  —  1.  Pulverization.  2.  Punctuate.  3.  Accomplice.  4.  Comple- 
ment. 5.  Plebeian.  6.  Complacence.  7.  Deplorable.  8.  Potentate.  9. 
Competition.  10.  Preposterous.  11.  Deprecate.  12.  Prove.  13.  Pro- 
priety. 14.  Repugnant.  15.  Petulant.  16.  Pomological.  17.  Pedes- 
trian. 18.  Impunity.  19.  Pusillanimity.  20.  Implacable.  21.  Expia- 
tory. 22.  Explosion.  23.  Pontoon.  24.  Publish.  25.  Comprehend. 

550.  —  1.  Acquiesce.  2.  Multifarious.  3.  Insatiable.  4.  Sanguin- 
ary. 5.  Sagacious.  6.  Amputation.  7.  Inquisitive.  8.  Abrogate.  9. 
Risible.  10.  Corroborate.  11.  Eradicate.  12.  Irradiate.  13.  Rotation. 
14.  Coy.  15.  Raving.  16.  Abrasion.  17.  Incorrigible.  18.  Reason. 
19.  Surreptitious.  20.  Irrigate.  21.  Erudite.  22.  Rusticate.  23.  Pre- 
sage. 24.  Sacrilege.  25.  Saccharine. 

600.  —  1.  Consternation.  2.  Dissemination.  3.  Obsequious.  4.  Ex- 
tant. 5.  Assimilate.  6.  Subservient.  7.  Disconsolate.  8.  Asseveration. 
9.  Subsidiary.  10.  Dissertation.  11.  Assiduous.  12.  Inscrutable.  13. 
Secular.  14.  Sexagenarian.  15.  Sinister.  16.  Sociable.  17.  Solvency. 
18.  Sordid.  19.  Expatiate.  20.  Extinct.  21.  Strain.  22.  Desperado. 
23.  Sound.  24.  Specie.  25.  Solar. 

650.  —  1.  Extirpation.  2.  Perspicuity.  3.  Determination.  4.  Tui- 
tion. 5.  Extortion.  6.  Sustenance.  7.  Temporal.  8.  Contiguous.  9. 
Suicidal.  10.  Destructive.  11.  Supercilious.  12.  Insurrection.  13. 
Strenuous.  14.  Assuage.  15.  Dissuade.  16.  Entirely.  17.  Contingent. 
18.  Extensive.  19.  Tantamount.  20.  Detriment.  21.  Intestate.  22. 
Intrusive.  23.  Tomb.  24.  Conterminous.  25.  Pertinacity. 

710.  —  1.  Imperturbable.  2.  Valedictory.  3.  Redundant.  4.  Um- 
brage. 5.  Virulent.  6.  Avocation.  7.  Impervious.  8.  Invigorate.  9. 
Equivocal.  10.  Ventilate.  11.  Envelop.  12.  Contumaciousness.  13. 
Prevalent.  14.  Universal.  15.  Veritable.  16.  Subversive.  17.  Revere. 
18.  Abuse.  19.  Vaccination.  20.  Unctuous.  21.  Invulnerable.  22. 
Vindictive.  23.  Avow.  24.  Survey.  25.  Voyage. 


III. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES. 


I.  GREEK  ALPHABET. 

A  a Alpha a 

B  /?  6 Beta b 

r  y Gamma g 

A  6 Delta d 

E  e Epsilon 6  short. 

Z  I       Zeta .  z 

H  TI Eta e  long. 

0  #  0 Theta th 

1 1       Iota i 

K  x Kappa k  or  c. 

A  A .  Lambda 1 

M  fj, Mu  ...     ^    .....  m 

N  v Nu n 

S  £ Xi x 

0  o       Omicron 6  short. 

n  TT Pi  (pi) p 

P  p Rho r 

2  er,  final  c Sigma s 

T  r Tail t 

TV Upsilon u  or  y 

4>  Q Phi ph 

X  x Chi  (ki) ch 

*  ^ Psi  (psi) ps 

Q  w Omega 6  long. 

228 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  229 

II.  SOUNDS  OF  THE  LETTERS. 

1.  Gamma  (y)  is  always  hard,  like  g  in  get;  ge,  the  earth,  is 
not  pronounced^;  gy'-ne,  a  woman,  g  hard,  noijy-ne. 

2.  When  two  #'s  occur  in  a  Greek  word,  they  are  repre- 
sented in   English  by  ng  or  ngg ;  thus,  ayy*M.o,  aggello,  is 
written  in  English  angello;  ayyatov,  aggeion,  is  written  angion. 

3.  Epsilon  («)  is  always  short ;  it  can  be  represented  in 
English  by  e. 

4.  Eta  (iff)  is  always  long;  it  can  be  represented  by  e. 

5.  Kappa  (*)  was  formerly  rendered  by  c ;  it  is  now  fre- 
quently represented  by  the  English  k.    Kappa  is  always  pro- 
nounced hard,  like  k;   centron  and  kentron,  for  xtvtpov,  the 
centre,  are  pronounced  alike. 

6.  Upsilon  (yoop'si-lon)  (v)  can  be  written  either  u  or  y. 

7.  The  root  of  cycle  can  be  written  Jcyklos,  Jcuklos,  cyclos,  or 
cuclos. 

8.  Chi  (%)  is  represented  in  English  by  ch,  and  is  always 
sounded  like  k ;  hence,  in  Greek  derivatives,  ch  is  generally 
hard,  chronol'ogy  (kro)  ;  archaeology  (arke-ol'-o-gy). 

9.  Ai  and  ei  are  pronounced  in  Greek  like  i  in  ice;  these 
vowels  are  sometimes  rendered  into  English  by  i ;  cheir,  chir, 
the  hand ;  daimon  is  rendered  by  daemon  and  demon.    Pupils 
should  carefully  note  these  differences,  and  if  a  word  is  not 
found  under  one  spelling,  search  for  it  under  another. 

10.  There  is  no  h  in  Greek.     In  a  Greek  word,  the  aspira- 
tion or  sound  of  h  is  indicated  by  an  inverted  comma,  thus, 
Irtfa,  hepta,  seven ;    the  comma  over  epsilon  shows  that  it 
must  be  pronounced  hepta.     The  root  of  cathedral  can  be 
either  edra  or  hedra.     When  the  root  does  not  commence 
with  A,  it  gives  to  the  prefix  the  form  of  cath.     So  the  prefix 
epi  has  the  form  eph,  if  emera  instead  of  hemera  is  the  root 
of  ephemeral. 

11.  Ou,  as  in  akou'o,  is  pronounced  like  count. 
20 


230  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

12.  Different  forms  of  Greek  words.  Eu,  Ev,  good,  well. 
En,  Hen,  one.  Odoys,  Odous,  a  tooth.  Economic  from  Eceo, 
Ekeo,  I  dwell,  or  from  OiJcos,  a  house.  Diaphanous,  Phaino, 
I  make  appear,  or  Pheno,  Phano,  to  appear.  Eikon,  Eicon, 
Ikon,  Icon,  an  image.  With  careful  study,  it  is  not  difficult 
to  recognize  these  various  forms. 


III.    PREFIXES  DERIVED  FROM  THE 
GREEK. 

1.  A  or  An  signifies  want  of,  without,  not.     Apathy,  want 
of  feeling  ;  Anomalous,  not  regular.     Affixes  such  as  A  or  An, 
which  reverse  the  meaning  of  the  root,  giving  the  word  a 
contrary  sense,  are  termed  "privative" 

2.  Al  signifies  the.     This  prefix  is  probably  Arabic,  and  is 
found  in  but  few  words,  Alchemy,  Alcoran  (al-ko-rawn'  or 
alrko-ran),  Almanac,  etc. 

3.  Amphi  signifies  both,  on  all  sides,  double.     Amphibious, 
capable  of  living  both  on  land  and  in  water  ;  Amphitheatre, 
a  theatre  on  all  sides.     The  Latin  prefix  Ambi  (ambo,  both,) 
is  sometimes  used  with  a  Greek  root.     Ambilogy,  ambiguous 
discourse. 

4.  Ana  signifies  through,  up,  back,  again.    Analysis,  a  loosing 
through,  a  resolving  bach  into  its  constituent  parts.     Anchor- 
ite, Anchoret,  or  Anach'oret,  a  hermit  ;  one  who  withdraws 
from  the  world. 

5.  Anti  or  Ant  signifies  opposite  to,  against.    Antarctic,  oppo- 
site to  the  Arctic  regions.     Antipodes,  the  people  whose  feet 
are  opposite  to  ours. 

6.  Apo  or  Ap  signifies  from,  off,  away.    Aphelion,  the  point 
in  a  planet's  orbit  farthest  from  the  sun.     Apostate,  one  who 
falls  away  from  a  cause  or  belief. 

7.  Cata  (for  Kata)  or  Cat  signifies  down,  from  side  to  side, 
relating  to.     Catarrh,  a  flowing  down.     Cathedral,  the  head 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  231 

church  in  a  diocese,  from  which  rules  and  regulations  come 
down.     Catholic,  relating  to  the  whole. 

8.  Dia  or  Di  signifies  through,  apart.     Diameter,  measure 
through.     Diaeresis,  a  placing  apart  in  two  syllables  what 
might  be  united  in  one. 

9.  EC  (for  Ek),  Ex,  or  E  signifies  out,  from.     Exodus,  a 
going  out.     Enervate,  to  take  the  nerve  (or  strength)  from. 

10.  En  or  Em  signifies  in,  on.     Encyclical,  intended  for 
many.     Emphasis,  a  stress  of  the  voice  on  a  word. 

11.  Epi  or  Ep  signifies  upon,  after,  for.    Epidemic,  upon  the 
people.     Ephemeral,  lasting  for  a  day.     Epilogue,  a  poem 
after  a  play. 

12.  Hemi  (abbreviation  of  Hemisus,  half,)  signifies  half. 

13.  Hyper  signifies  above,  over,  beyond.    Hyperbole,  a  shoot- 
ing above  or  beyond  the  mark.     Hypercritical,  over  critical. 

14.  Hypo  or  Hyp  signifies  under.     Hypothesis,  a  placing 
under;  a  supposition. 

15.  Kata,     See  Gata. 

16.  Meta  or  Met  signifies  after,  beyond,  according  to.    Meta- 
physics, the  science  of  mind  (beyond  or  after  physics). 

17.  Para,  par,  or  pa  signifies  beside,  like,  similar.     Parody, 
a  song   like  or   in   imitation  of  another.     Palsy,   paralysis. 
Paraselene,  a  mock  moon. 

18.  Peri,  round,  about.     Perimeter,  the  measure  round,  the 
circumference. 

19.  Pro  signifies  before.     Prologue,  a  poem  spoken  before  a 
play ;  a  preface. 

20.  Semi  signifies  half.    Semitone,  half 'a  tone.    Semi-diam- 
eter, half  a  diameter. 

21.  Syn,  Syl,  Sym,  or  Sy  signifies  with,  together.     Syntax, 
placing  together.     System,  a  standing  together ;  an  assemblage 
of  objects  arranged  according  to  some  distinct  method. 


232  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

IV.  SUFFIXES. 

The  suffixes  in  Greek  derivatives  are  generally  the  same  as 
in  the  Latin.  A  few,  used  principally  with  Greek  roots,  are 
not  included  in  the  list  of  suffixes,  page  39. 

1.  Ac  signifies  of,  belonging,  relating,  or  pertaining  to.     De- 
moniac, belonging  to  a  demon.     Cardiac,  of  the  heart. 

2.  Ic  signifies  one  who  or  the  person  that;  pertaining  to,  like, 
made  of.    Gnostic,  one  of  an  early  sect  in  the  Christian  Church. 
Cynic,  one  who  is  surly,  like  a  dog.     This  suffix  is  also  found 
in  a  few  Latin  derivatives  formed  from  adjectives.     Rustic, 
one  who  lives  in  the  country. 

3.  Ide  signifies  in  chemistry,  the  electro-negative  element  in 
a  binary  combination.     As  it  is  the  last  syllable  of  Acide,  Fr., 
it  should  not  be  changed  to  id,  yd,  or  yde. 

4.  Isk  signifies  small.     Asterisk,  a  little  star,  thus,  *,  used 
in  printing  for  reference. 

5.  Ism,  Asm,  or  Sm  signifies  state  or  quality  of  being,  idiom; 
doctrine  or  doctrines  of;  ing.    Enthusiasm,  state  of  being  enthu- 
siastic.    Atheism,  the  doctrine  that  there  is  no  God. 

6.  Ite  (from  JJithos,  stone,)  signifies  stone.    Melanite,  selen- 
ite,  quartzite,  etc.,  minerals. 

Ite  and  Ate  are  also  used  in  chemistry.  Salts  of  sulphuric 
acid  are  called  sulphates,  salts  of  sulphurous  acid  are  called 
sulphites;  of  nitric  acid,  nitrates,  and  of  nitrous  acid,  ni- 
trites. 


V.  GREEK  DERIVATIVES. 

1.  Ach'os,  pain. 

&.CHE,  to  be  in  pain  ;  a  continued  pain. 

2.  Adel'pTlOS,  a  brother. 

POLYADEL'PHIA,  a  class  of  plants  having  their  stamens  united 
in  three  or  more  bodies  by  the  filaments. 

TKIADELPH'OUS,  (tria,)  having  stamens  joined  by  their  fila- 
ments into  three  bundles. 

3.  Aer,  the  air. 

A'EKOLITE,  (lithos,)  a  meteoric  stone. 

A'ERONAUT,  (nauta,)  one  who  sails  in  the  air. 

AE'BIAL,  belonging  to  the  air ;  high ;  lofty. 

AE'EIE,  (e'ry  or  a'ry,)  the  nest  of  a  bird  of  prey,  as  of  an  eagle. 

4.  Ago,  I  lead.     Ago'geus,  a  leader. 

PARAGO'GE,  the  addition  of  a  letter  or  syllable  to  the  end  of 

a  word. 
SYN'AGOGUE,  a  place  where  Israelites  meet  for  worship. 

5.  Agon,  a  combat. 

AG'ONY,  violent  pain. 

ANTAGONIST,  one  who  contends  with  another. 

6.  Ag'ora,  a  public  place ;  an  assembly. 
AL'LEGORY,  (allos,  another,)  a  figurative  discourse,  implying 

something  not  literally  expressed. 
CAT'EGORY,  a  series  of  ideas ;  a  class. 

20*  233 


234  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

7.  Akdcle'mia,  a  grove  near  Athens,  where  Plato  taught 

philosophy. 
ACAD'EMY,  a  society  for  the  promotion  of  science  or  art ;  a 

place  of  education. 
ACADEM'IC,  relating  to  an  academy. 

8.  Akou'o,  I  hear. 

ACOUS'TICS,  (a-kow'stiks,)  the  science  which  treats  of  sound. 

9.  Ak'ron,  end,  summit. 

ACROP'OLIS,  (polis,)  the  upper  or  higher  part  of  a  Grecian 

city ;  the  citadel  of  a  town. 
ACROS'TIC,  (stichos,)  a  poem  of  which  the  first  letters  of  the 

lines  make  up  some  word. 

10.  Algos,  pain. 

CARDIAL'GIA,  (kardia,)  an  uneasy  sensation  in  the  stomach ; 

the  heart-burn. 
CEPH'ALALGY,  (kephale,)  the  headache. 

11.  AllaxUs,  a  change. 

PAR'ALLAX,  the  difference  between  the  true   and   apparent 
place  of  a  heavenly  body. 

12.  Alle'lon,,  one  another ;  each  other. 

PAR'ALLEL,  equally  distant  in  every  part ;  having  the  same 

direction. 
PARALLELOGRAM,  (gramma,)  a  quadrilateral  whose  opposite 

sides  are  parallel. 
PARALLELOPI'PED,  (pedon,  a  plane,)  a  solid  figure  contained 

under  six  parallelograms,  of  which  the  opposite  ones  are 

equal  and  parallel. 

13.  Al'phd,  the  first  letter  in  the  Greek  alphabet. 
ALPHABET'ICALLY,  (beta,)  in  alphabetic  order. 

14.  Ariemos,  the  wind. 

ANEMOM'ETER,   (metron,)  an   instrument   to    ascertain    the 

strength  of  the  wind. 

ANEM'ONE,  the  wind-flower ;  the  ranunculus. 
ANEMOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  the  winds. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  235 

15.  An'er,  an'dros,  a  man. 

ALEXAN'DER,  (alexeo,  I  help,)  a  helper  ;  one  who  wards  off. 
ANDROPH'AGOUS,  (phago,)  inclined  to  cannibalism. 
TRIAN'DRIAN,  (tria,)  having  three  distinct  and  equal  stamens 
in  the  same  flower. 

16.  Ange!llo9  I  bring  tidings. 
AN'GEL,  a  messenger,  a  spirit. 

AEGEAN'  GEL,  (arche,)  an  angel  of  the  highest  order. 
EVAN'GELIST,  (eu,)  a  writer  of  the  history  of  our  Saviour. 
EVANGEL'ICAL,  (eu,)  according  to  the  Gospel. 

17.  AritJlOS,  a  flower. 

AN'THER,  the  tip  of  a  stamen  in  a  flower. 
ANTHOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  collection  of  flowers  or  poems. 
POLYAN'THUS,  (poly,)  a  plant  with  flowers  in  clusters. 

18.  Anthro'pos,  a  man. 

ANTHROPOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  the  structure  of  the 

human  body. 

ANTHROPOPH'AGI,  (phago,)  man-eaters,  cannibals. 
MISAN'THROPY,  (misos,)  hatred  of  mankind. 
PHILANTHROPY,  (philos,)  love  of  mankind. 


19.  Atfche,  the  beginning  ;  government. 
AN'ARCEY,  want  qf  government,  political  confusion. 
ARCH^EOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  or  knowledge  of  antiquities. 
AR'CHAISM,  an  ancient  phrase. 

AR'CHETYPE,  (typos,)  the  original  ;  a  model. 
AR'CHIVES,  records  ;  a  place  for  keeping  records. 
HEP'TARCHY,  (hepta,)  a  sevenfold  government. 
HIERARCHY,  (hieros,)  order  or  rank  of  celestial  beings  ;  eccle 

siastical  government. 

MON'ARCH,  (monos,)  a  sovereign;  a  sole  ruler. 
PA'TRIARCH,  (pater,)  the  ruler  of  a  family  or  a  church, 

20.  ArKtOS,  a  bear  ;  the  north. 
ARC'TIC,  northern. 

ANTARCTIC,  relating  to  the  south  pole  ;  southern. 


236  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

21.  Arts' tOS,  noblest ;  best. 

ARISTOC'RACY,  (kratos,)  government  by  the  nobles ;  the  nobil- 
ity or  higher  classes. 
ARIS'TOCRAT,  (kratos,)  one  who  favors  aristocracy. 

22.  Arith'mos,  number. 
ARITH'METIC,  the  science  and  art  of  numbers. 
LOG'ARITHMS,  (logos,)  a  series  of  numbers   in  arithmetical 

progression,  corresponding  to  another  series  in  geometrical 
progression. 

23.  Aro'ma,  aro'mata,  spices. 
ARO'MA,  the  fragrant  principle  in  plants. 
AROMAT'ICS,  fragrant  spices. 

24.  As'keo,  I  practise,  I  cultivate. 
ASCET'IC,  a  devout  recluse ;  a  hermit. 

25.  As'tron,  a  star. 

AS'TERISK,  a  star  or  mark  in  printing,  as  *. 

AS'TEKOID,  (eidos,)  a  name  given  to  certain  small  planets. 

AS'TRAL,  starry  ;  belonging  to  the  stars. 

ASTROL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  pretended  science  of  foretelling  by 

the  stars. 
ASTRON'OMY,  (nomos,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  heavenly 

bodies. 
DISAS'TER,  misfortune,  calamity. 

26.  Ath'los,  combat,  struggle. 
ATHLET'IC,  strong  of  body  ;  vigorous. 

27.  Afmos,  vapor ;  air. 

AT'MOSPHERE,  (sphaira,)  the  air  which  encompasses  the  earth. 
ATMOSPHER'IC,  (sphaira,)  belonging  to  the  atmosphere. 

28.  Au!lO8,  a  pipe. 

HYDRAU'LICS,  (hydor,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  motion 
and  force  of  fluids. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  237 

29.  Aufheriteo,  I  authorize. 
AUTHEN'TIC,  having  authority ;  genuine. 
AUTHENTIC'ITY,  genuineness ;  authority. 

30.  Au'tOS,  one's  self. 

AUTOBIOG'RAPHY,  (bios,  grapho,)  the  life  of  a  person  written 

by  himself. 

AU'TOCRAT,  (kratos,)  an  absolute  monarch,  a  ruler. 
AU'TOGRAPH,  (grapho,)  one's  own  hand- writing. 
AUTON'OMY,  (nomos,)  self-government. 
AU'TOPSY,  (opsis,)  ocular  demonstration. 

31.  Axio'ma,  a  maxim ;  a  plain  truth. 
AX'IOM,  a  self-evident  truth. 

32.  Bal'lo.    See  Bol'eo. 

33.  BdVsamon,  balm,  fragrant  ointment. 
BALM'Y,  fragrant ;  soothing. 

BAL'SAM,  a  shrub  ;  a  soothing  ointment. 

EMBALM',  to  preserve  from  decay ;  to  fill  with  aromatics. 

34.  Bap' to,  I  dip ;  I  wash. 

ANABAP'TIST,  one  who  holds  the  doctrine  that  adults  only 

should  be  baptized. 

BAP'TIST,  one  opposed  to  infant  baptism. 
BAPTIZE',  to  administer  the  sacrament  of  baptism. 
PEDOBAP'TISM,  (paidos,)  the  baptism  of  infants. 

35.  Ba'ros,  weight. 

BAROM'ETER,   (metron,)   an   instrument  for  measuring  the 

weight  of  the  atmosphere. 
BAR'OSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  instrument  to  show  the  weight  of  the 

atmosphere. 
BAR'YTONE,  (tonos,)  noting  a  grave,  deep  sound. 

36.  Ba'sileus,  a  king. 

BASIL'ICA,  a  hall  or  court  of  justice ;  originally  the  palace 
of  a  king. 


238  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

BASIL'ICON,  a  salve,  an  ointment. 

BAS'ILISK,  a  fabulous  serpent;  a  large  piece  of  ordnance. 

37.  Bo! sis,  that  on  which  anything  stands. 
BASE,  the  bottom  ;  the  foundation. 
DEBASE',  to  lower,  to  degrade. 

38.  Be'td,  the  second  letter  of  the  Greek  alphabet. 
AL'PHABET,  (alpha,)  the  letters  of  a  language. 

39.  Bib'los,  inner  bark  ;  a  book. 
BI'BLE,  the  sacred  scriptures. 

BIBLIOG'RAPHER,  (grapho,)  one  skilled  in  the  knowledge  of 

books. 
BIBLIOMA'NIA,  (mania,)  a  rage  for  possessing  rare  and  curious 

books. 

BIBLIOP'OLIST,  (poleo,)  a  bookseller. 
BIBLIOTHE'CAL,  (theke,)  belonging  to  a  library. 

40.  Bi'os,  life. 

AMPHIB'IOUS,  having  the  power  of  living  in  two  elements. 
BIOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  history  or  account  of  a  life. 
BIOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  life. 

CEN'OBITE,  (koinos,  common,)  a  monk  who  lives  in  a  commu- 
nity. 

41.  Blap'tO,  I  hinder ;  I  injure. 

BLASPHEME',  (phano,)  to  speak  impiously  of  God ;  to  curse. 
BLAS'PHEMY,  (phano,)  indignity  offered  to  God  by  words  or 
writing. 

42.  Bol'eo,  or  Bal'lo,  I  cast  or  throw. 
DIABOL'ICAL,  (diabolus,  the  devil,)  atrocious;    outrageously 

wicked. 

EM'BLEM,  a  symbol  or  type. 
HYPER'BOLA,  a  section  of  a  cone. 
HYPER'BOLE,   a   rhetorical    figure   which   represents  things 

greater  or  less  than  they  really  are. 
PAR' ABLE,  a  similitude  ;  an  allegory. 
PARAB'OLA,  one  of  the  conic  sections. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  239 

PARAB'OLOID,  (eidos,)  the  solid  generated  by  the  rotation  of  a 

parabola  about  its  axis. 
PROB'LEM,  a  question  proposed  for  solution. 
PROBLEM AT'ICAL,  uncertain,  questionable. 
SYM'BOL,  a  sign,  an  emblem. 
SYM'BOLIZE,  to  have  a  resemblance  of  qualities. 

43.  Botfane,  an  herb ;  a  plant. 
BOTAN'ICAL,  relating  to  plants. 

BOT'ANY,  the  science  which  treats  of  plants. 

44.  Brorichos,  the  throat,  the  wind-pipe. 
BRON'CHIAL,  belonging  to  the  throat. 

BRONCHI'TIS,  (bron-ki'tis,)  an  inflammation  of  the  bronchial 
membrane. 

BRON'CHOCELE,  (kele,)  a  tumor  in  the  throat. 

BRONCHOT'OMY,  (tomos,)  the  operation  of  cutting  the  wind- 
pipe. 

45.  Bou'Ttolos,  a  shepherd. 
BUCOL'IC,  a  pastoral  poem. 

46.  CTld'os,  a  confused  mass. 
CHAOT'IC,  confused ;  resembling  chaos. 

47.  CJiara'ltter,  a  mark  ;  a  stamp ;  peculiar  disposition. 
CHARACTERIZE,  to  give  character  to ;  to  mark  with  a  stamp 

or  token. 

48.  Cha'ris,  char' it os,  love ;  joy;  grace. 
CHAR'ITABLE,  kind ;  benevolent. 

CHAR'ITY,  love  ;  liberality  to  the  poor. 

EU'CHARIST,  (eu,)  the  act  of  giving  thanks;  the  Lord's  Supper. 

49.  Cheir,  the  hand. 

CHIROG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  style  of  writing  ;  penmanship. 
CHIROL'OGY,  (logos,)  talking  by  manual  signs. 
CHIRUR'GEON,  (ergon,)  a  surgeon. 
SUR'GEON,  (ergon,)  one  who  cures  by  manual  operations. 


240  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

50.  Chimai'ra,  a  fictitious  monster. 
CHIMER'ICAL,  imaginary ;  fanciful. 

61.  Chol'e,  bile. 
CHOL'ER,  anger;  rage. 

CHOL'ERA-MOR'BUS,  (morbus,)  a  painful  disease  connected  with 

the  biliary  organs. 

CHOI/ERIC,  irascible  ;  easily  provoked. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  (melan,)  a.  dejected  in  spirits;  n.  dejection  of 

spirits. 

62.  Chor'de,  a  string,  a  chord. 

CHORD,  the  string  of  a  musical  instrument ;  a  right  line  join- 
ing the  extremities  of  an  arc. 
CORD,  a  rope ;  a  sinew. 
CORD' AGE,  a  collection  of  cords. 

63.  Cho'reo,  I  retire. 
ANCH'ORITE,  a  hermit. 

64.  Chris'tOS,  anointed. 
AN'TICHRIST,  the  great  enemy  of  Christianity. 
CHRISM,  consecrated  oil. 

CHRIST,  The  Anointed;  The  Messiah. 

CHRIS'TENDOM,  the   countries  inhabited  by  Christians ;  the 

whole  body  of  Christians. 
CHRIST/MAS,  (maessa,  a  feast,)  the  festival  of  Christ's  nativity. 

66.  Chro'ma,  color. 

ACHROMAT'IC,  free  from  color,  (as  an  achromatic  lens.) 
CHROMAT'IC,  relating  to  colors  ;  proceeding  by  the  smaller  in- 
tervals (semitones)  of  the  musical  scale. 

56.  Chrorios,  time. 
ANACH'RONISM,  an  error  in  computing  time. 
CHRON'IC,  continuing  a  long  time  ;  relating  to  time. 
CHRONOL'OGY,  (logos,)   the   science  of   computing   dates   or 

periods  of  time. 
CHRONOM'ETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  for  measuring  time. 


GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  241 

ISOCH'RONOUS,  (isos,)  performed  in  equal  times. 
SYNCHRONISM,  concurrence  of  two  or  more  events  in  time. 

57.  Chry'sos,  gold. 

CHRYS'ALIS,  the  form  into  which  the  caterpillar  of  the  butter- 
fly, and  some  other  insects,  passes  before  they  become  winged. 

CHRYSAN'THEMUM,  (anthos,)  a  genus  of  plants,  many  of  which 
bear  yellow  flowers. 

CHRYS'OLITE,  (lithos,)  a  precious  stone. 

58.  Chy'los,  the  nutritive  juice    like  milk  formed  by 

digestion. 

CHYLE,  a  milky  juice  formed  in  the  stomach  by  digestion. 
CHYLIFICA'TION,  (L.  facio,)  the  process  by  which  chyme  is 
converted  into  chyle. 

59.  Chy'mos,  fluidity;  juice.. 

AL'CHYMY,  an  ancient  science  which  proposed  the  transmuta- 
tion of  metals  into  gold. 

CHEM'ISTRY,  the  science  which  shows  the  nature  and  properties 
of  bodies. 

60.  Dai'mon,  a  spirit. 
DEMO'NIAC,  belonging  to  demons. 
DEMONOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  treatise  on  demons. 
PANDEMO'NIUM,  (pan,)  the  great  hall  or  council  chamber  of 

demons  or  evil  spirits. 

61.  Daltftylos,  a  finger ;  a  measure. 

DAC'TYL,  a  poetic  foot. 

DACTYLOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  art  of  conversing  by  the  hands. 

PACHYDAC'TYLOUS,  (pachys,)  having  thick  toes. 

62.  Dam'ao,  I  tame. 

AD'AMANT,  a  stone  imagined  by  some  to  be  of  impenetrable 
hardness. 

ADAMAN'TINE,  very  hard ;  incapable  of  being  broken  or  dis- 
solved. 

DI'AMOND,  the  hardest  and  most  valuable  of  all  the  gems. 
21  Q 


242  A   MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

63.  Dech'omai,  I  take  in ;  I  receive. 
PAN'DECT,  (pan,)  a  digest  or  collection  of  civil  law. 
SYNEC'DOCHE,  a  figure  by  which  a  part  is  taken  for  the  whole, 

or  the  whole  for  a  part. 

64.  DeKa,  ten. 

DEAN,  an  ecclesiastical  dignitary  subordinate  to  the  bishop, 

formerly  set  over  ten. 
DEC'ADE,  the  sum  or  number  of  ten. 
DEC'AGON,  (gonia,)  a  plane  figure  having  ten  sides. 
DEC'ALOGUE,  (logos,)  the  ten  commandments  given  by  God  to 

Moses  on  Mt.  Sinai,  and  written  on  two  tables  of  stone. 
DECAP'OLIS,  (polls,)  a  country  of  Palestine. 
UNDEC'AGON,  (L.  unus,  one ;    gonia,)   a  figure   with   eleven 

angles,  and  consequently  of  eleven  sides. 
DECAM'ETER,  (metron,)  ten  French  meters;  393.71  in. 

65.  De'mos,  the  people. 

DEM'AGOGUE,  (agogeus,)  a  leader  of  the  people;  a  factious 

orator. 

ENDEM'IC,  peculiar  to  a  country. 
EPIDEM'IC,  affecting  great  numbers. 
NICODE'MUS,  (nike,)  king  of  Bithynia. 

66.  Der'ma,  the  skin. 

EPIDER'MIS,  the  cuticle  or  scarfskin  of  the  body. 

67.  Des'potes,  one  who  rules  as  a  master  over  slaves. 
DES'POT,  an  absolute  prince  ;  a  tyrant. 

DESPOT'IC,  arbitrary,  tyrannical. 
DES'POTISM,  absolute  power ;  tyranny. 

68.  Deu'teros,  second. 

DEUTEROG'AMY,  (gameo,)  a  second  marriage. 

DEUTERON'OMY,  (nomos,)  the  fifth  book  of  Moses ;  the  reca- 
pitulation of  the  Law. 

69.  Didas'ko,  I  teach. 
DIDAC'TIC,  instructive. 


GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  243 

70.  Didi'ta,  food ;  regimen ;  diet. 
DI'ET,  mode  of  living  prescribed  for  health. 
DIETET'IC,  relating  to  diet. 

LI'ETING,  the  act  of  eating  by  a  prescribed  course. 

71.  Diplo'wid,  a  writing  conferring  some  privilege,  (re- 
stricted now  to  the  certificate  given  by  colleges,  etc.) 

DIPLO'MACY,  forms  of  negotiation  ;  a  body  of  envoys. 
DIPLO'MATIST,  one  versed  in  diplomacy. 

72.  Dis,  I>i,  two. 

DILEM'MA,  (lemma,)  a  difficult  or  doubtful  choice. 
DIPH'THONG,  (phthegma,)  a  union  of  two  vowels  in  one  sound. 
DISSYLLABLE,  (labo,)  a  word  of  two  syllables. 

73.  Dog' ma,  dog'matOS,  a  tenet ;  an  opinion. 
DOG'MA,  an  established  principle  ;  a  doctrine  ;  notion. 
DOGMAT'IC,  authoritative ;  positive. 

74.  Dot  OS,  given.     Dos'is,  a  giving. 

AN'ECDQTE,  an  incident  of  private  life ;  a  particular  or  de- 
tached fact  or  incident  of  an  interesting  nature. 
AN'TIDOTE,  a  medicine  to  prevent  the  effects  of  poison. 
DOSE,  the  quantity  of  medicine  taken  at  one  time. 

75.  Dox'd,  an  opinion ;  fame. 

DOXOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  form  of  giving  glory  to  God. 
HET'ERODOX,  (heteros,)  differing  from  the  established  opinion ; 

erroneous. 

OB/THODOX,  (orthos,)  sound  in  religious  opinion. 
PAR/ADOX,  something  false  in  appearance,  yet  true  in  fact. 

76.  Dra'ma,  an  action  ;  a  play  ;  a  poem. 
DRAMAT'IC,  represented  by  action. 
DRAM'ATIST,  a  writer  of  plays. 

MEL'ODRAME,  (melos,)  a  dramatic  performance  accompanied 
with  music. 

77.  Drom'os,  a  running. 

DROM'EDARY,  a  species  of  camel  having  one  hump. 


244  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

PAL'INDROME,  (palin,)  a  word,  or  sentence,  which  is  the  same 
read  forwards  or  backwards. 

78.  Dll'o,  two,     See  Latin  roots,  page  108. 
DUODEC'AGON,  (deka,  gonia,)  a  figure  having  twelve  angles. 

79.  Dy'namis,  power. 

DYNAM'ICS,  the  science  of  mechanical  powers. 
DY'NASTY,  government ;  a  race  or  succession  of  rulers. 

80.  Dys9  weakness ;  difficulty. 
DIS'PHONY,  (phone,)  difficulty  in  speaking. 
DYSPEP'TIC,  (pepto,)  afflicted  with  dyspepsia. 

81.  E'cheo,  I  sound ;  I  teach  oraLy. 
CAT'ECHISE,  to  instruct  by  questions  and  answers. 
CATECHU'MEN,  one  who  is  yet  in  the  rudiments  of  Christianity, 
ECH'O,  to  send  back  a  sound;  to  resound. 

82.  lEge'sis,  a  leading,  an  explaining. 
-EXEGE'SIS,  exposition;  explanation. 

EXEGET'ICAL,  expository;  explanatory. 

83.  Eido'lon,  an  image ;  an  idol. 
I'DOL,  an  image  worshipped  as  a  god. 
IDOL'ATRY,  (latreia,)  the  worship  of  idols. 

84.  Ei'dOS,  form,  shape. 

PBJS'MOID,  (prisma,)  a  body  somewhat  like  a  prism. 
KHOM'BOID,  (rhombos,)  a  figure  like  a  rhomb,  but  having  onl) 

the  opposite  sides  equal. 
SPHE'BOID,  (sphaira,)  a  body  like  a  sphere. 

85.  Ei'kon,  an  image. 

ICON'OCLAST,  (klastes,  a  breaker,)  an  image-breaker. 

86.  EkMe'sia,  an  assembly.    See  Kle'sis. 

87.  lE'ldO,  I  drive ;  I  draw. 

ELAS'TIC,  springing  back  ;  recovering  a  former  state. 


GREEK  DERIVA  TI VES.  245 

ELASTICITY,  the  property  of  springing  back  to  an  original  form. 

88.  Eleemo'syne,  pity ;  mercy. 
ELEEMOS'YNARY,  relating  to  charity  or  alms-giving. 

89.  Elegei'a,  a  mournful  poem. 
EI/EGY,  a  mournful  poem  ;  a  funeral  song. 

90.  Ele'ktron,  amber. 

ELECTRIC'ITY,  a  power  in  nature,  so  called  because  it  was  sup- 
posed to  be  produced  by  the  friction  of  amber. 

91.  Em'eo,  I  vomit. 

EMET'IC,  a  medicine  that  causes  vomiting. 

92.  En,  one. 

ENDEc'AGON,(deka,  gonia,)  a  plane  figure  having  eleven  angles. 

93.  Eridon,  within. 

ENDOCAR'DIUM,  (kardia,)  the  lining  membrane  of  the  cavities 
of  the  heart. 

94.  Eritom,on,  an  insect. 

ENTOMOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  which  treats  of  insects. 

95.  lEpikoil'ros,  a  philosopher  who  taught  that  happi- 
ness consisted  in  the  temperate  enjoyment  of  pleasure. 

EPICURE' AN,  one  of  the  sect  of  Epicurus ;  luxurious. 

96.  Ep'os,  a  word ;  a  narration. 
EP'IC,  narrative ;  heroic. 

ORTHO'EPY,  (orthos,)  correct  pronunciation  of  words. 

97.  Ere'mos,  lonely,  alone. 
ER'EMITE,  a  hermit. 

HER'MIT,  one  who  secludes  himself  from  society. 
HER'MITAGE,  the  habitation  of  a  hermit. 

98.  Er'gon,  a  work  ;  an  operation. 
EN'ERGIZE,  to  excite  action ;  to  give  energy. 
EN'ERGY,  power ;  vigor. 

GEOR'GIC,  (ge,)  a  rural  poem  ;  relating  to  agriculture. 
METALLURGY,  (metallon,)  the  art  of  working  metal. 
21* 


246  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

SUR'GERY,  the  art  of  healing  by  manual  operation. 
THE'URGY,  (theos,)  the  power  of  doing  supernatural  things. 

99.  Es'o,  within,  in  the  inmost  place. 
ESOTER'IC,  secret. 

100.  Eth'nos,  a  people ;  a  nation. 
ETH'NICAL,  heathen ;  pagan. 

ETHNOGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  races  of  men. 

101.  Eth'os,  custom ;  manners. 
ETH'ICAL,  relating  to  morals. 

ETH'ICS,  the  science  of  moral  philosophy ;  the  doctrines  of 

morality. 
ETHOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  treatise  on  moral  philosophy. 

102.  Etymon,  the  true  origin  and  meaning  of  a  word. 
ETYMOI/OGIST,  (logos,)  one  versed  in  etymology. 
ETYMOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  derivation  of  words. 

103.  Eu  or  Ev9  good,  well. 
EULO'GIUM,  (logos,)  a  formal  eulogy. 
EU'LOGIZE,  (logos,)  to  praise;  to  commend. 
EU'LOGY,  (logos,)  praise,  panegyric. 

EU'PHEMISM,  (phano,)  a  delicate  way  of  expressing  that 
which  might  offend. 

EU'PHONY,  (phone,)  an  agreeable  sound;  smooth  pronuncia- 
tion. 

104.  Eure'ka,  I  have  found. 

EURE'KA,  a  discovery,  especially  one  made  after  long  and 
difficult  search. 

105.  E'xo,  outside. 
EXOTER'IC,  external,  public. 

106.  Ga'la,  gala'ktos,  milk. 

GAL'AXY,  the  milky  way ;  a  splendid  assemblage. 

107.  Ga'meo,  I  marry. 

AMAL'GAM,  (hama,  together,)  mixture  of  metals ;  a  compound. 
AMALGAMATE,  to  mix  or  unite  metals. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  247 

BIG'AMIST,  (bis,)  one  who  has  two  wives  at  the  same  time. 
BIG' AMY,  (bis,)  the  crime  of  having  two  wives  at  the  same 

time. 

CRYPTOGA'MIA,  (krypto,)  the  class  of  flowerless  plants. 
MISOG'AMY,  (misos,)  hatred  of  marriage. 
POLYG'AMY,  (poly,)  plurality  of  wives  or  husbands. 

108.  Gas'ter,  gas'tros,  the  stomach. 
GAS'TBJC,  belonging  to  the  stomach. 

GASTKIL'OQUY,  (L.  loquor,)  the  art  of  speaking  apparently 
from  the  stomach ;  ventriloquy. 

109.  Ge,  the  earth. 

AP'OGEE,  the  part  of  the  moon's  orbit  most  remote  from  the 
earth. 

GEOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  the  earth. 

GEOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  structure 
of  the  earth. 

GEOM'ETRY,  (metron,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  dimen- 
sions of  lines,  surfaces,  and  solids. 

PER'IGEE,  the  part  of  the  moon's  orbit  nearest  to  the  earth. 

110.  Geriea,  birth,  origin. 

GENEAL'OGY,  (logos,)  history  of  the  descent  of  a  person  or 

family. 
GEN'ESIS,  the  first  book  of  the  Bible  ;  the  history  of  the  origin 

of  all  things. 
HETEROGE'NEOUS,  (heteros,)  dissimilar ;    having   a   different 

nature. 

HOMOGE'NEOUS,  (homos,)  similar  ;  having  the  same  nature. 
HY'DROGEN,  (hydor,)  a  gas ;  one  of  the  elements  of  water. 
NI'TKOGEN,  (nitron,  nitre,)  a  gas ;  an  element  of  nitre. 
OX'YGEN,  (oxys,)  a  gas ;  the  vital  part  of  the  atmosphere. 

111.  Glos'sa  or  Glot'ta,  the  tongue,  language. 
EPIGLOT'TIS,  the  thin,  movable   cartilage   which   covers  the 

aperture  of  the  wind-pipe. 
GLOS'SAKY,  a  dictionary. 


248  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

GLOSS,  a  remark  intended  to  illustrate  a  subject. 
<TLOT'TIS,  the  opening  of  the  windpipe. 
POL'YGLOT,  (poly,)  having  many  languages. 

112.  Gly'pho,  I  carve  or  engrave. 
GLYP'TIC,  pertaining  to  carving  on  stones,  gems,  etc. 
HIEROGLYPHIC,  (hieros,)  a  symbolical  character ;  the  art  of 

writing  in  picture. 

113.  Gno'mon,  something  which  makes  known.    Chios' - 

tO89  made  known. 

GNOME,  an  imaginary  being  ;  a  goblin  ;  a  brief  maxim. 
GNO'MON,  the  hand  or  pin  of  a  dial. 
GNOS'TIC,  one  of  an  early  sect  in  the  Christian  Church, 
f  HYSIOG'NOMY,  (physis,)  the  art  of  discovering  the  character 

from  the  face. 
PROGNOSTICATE,  to  foretell  by  signs. 

114.  Go'nid,  an  angle  or  corner. 
DIAG'ONAL,  a  line  which  joins  two  opposite  angles. 
GONIOM'ETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  to  measure  angles. 
HEP'TAGON,  (hepta,)  a  figure  with  seven  angles  and  sides. 
NON'AGON,  (L.  Novem,  nine,)  a  figure  with  nine  angles. 
PEN'TAGON,  (pente,)  a  figure  with  five  angles  and  sides. 
POL'YGON,  (poly,)  a  figure  with  many  angles  and  sides. 
TRI'GON,  (tria,)  a  figure  with  three  angles  and  sides. 
TRIGONOM'ETRY,  (tria,  metron,)  the  art  of  measuring  angles. 

115.  Grai'kia,  Greece. 
GRE'CIAN,  pertaining  to  Greece. 

GRE'CISM,  an  idiom  of  the  Greek  language ;  a  Hellenism. 
GREEK,  an  inhabitant  of  Greece. 

116.  Graph' O9  to  write.   Gram! ma,  a  letter,  a  writing. 
AN'AGRAM,  the  changing  of  one  word  into  another  by  trans- 
posing the  letters. 

DI'AGRAM,  a  figure  drawn  for  demonstration. 
.EP'IGRAM,  a  short  poem  ending  in  a  witty  thought. 
GRAM'MAR,  the  art  of  speaking  or  writing  correctly. 
GRAPH'IC,  well  described  or  delineated. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  249 

PAR'AGRAPH,  any  portion  of  a  writing  which  relates  to  a  par- 
ticular subject. 

117.  Gym'nos,  naked. 
GYMNA'SIUM,  a  place  for  athletic  exercises. 
GYMNOS'OPHIST,  (sophia,)  one  of  a  sect  of  Indian  philosophers. 

118.  Gy'ne,  gynai'kos,  a  woman. 
GYNECOC'RACY,  (kratos,)  government  by  a  woman. 
MISOG'YNIST,  (misos,)  a  woman-hater. 

119.  Gy'ros,  a  circle  ;  moving  in  a  circle. 
CIRCUMGYRA'TION,  the  act  of  turning,  whirling,  or  rolling 

around. 
GYRA'TION,  the  act  of  turning  around  a  fixed  centre. 

120.  Hai'ma,  blood. 

HEMOP'TYSIS,  (ptyo,  I  spit,)  a  spitting  of  blood. 
HEM'ORRHAGE,  (rheo,)  a  flow  of  blood. 

121.  Hai'resis,  a  dogma,  an  opinion,  the  act  of  taking. 
APH^ER'ESIS,  the  taking  away  a  letter  or  syllable  from  the 

beginning  of  a  word. 

DI-ER'ESIS,  the  mark  used  to  separate  syllables,  as  in  aer. 
HERE'SIARCH,  (arche,)  a  leader  in  heresy. 
HER'ESY,  a  fundamental  error  in  religion. 
HER'ETIC,  one  who  entertains  erroneous  opinions  in  religion. 

122.  Harmoriia,  agreement,  musical  concord. 
HARMO'NIOUS,  concordant,  musical. 
HAR'MONIZE,  to  adjust  unfit  proportions,  to  agree. 
HAR'MONY,  concord  of  sound,  agreement. 

123.  Heb'domas,  a  week,  seven  days. 
HEBDOM'ADAL,  weekly. 

124.  He'dra,  a  seat,  a  base. 

CATHE'DRAL,  the  head  church  of  a  diocese  ;  so  called  because 
that  in  it  the  bishop  has  his  official  chair  or  throne. 

OCTAHE'DRON,  (okto,)  a  solid  contained  under  eight  equal  and 
equilateral  triangles. 


250  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

POLYHE'DRON,  (poly,)  a  solid  having  many  sides  or  planes. 
TETRAHE'DRON,  (tetra,)  a  figure   comprehended  under  four 
equilateral  and  equal  triangles. 

125.  HeKaton,  a  hundred. 

HEC'ATOMB,  (bous,  an  ox,)  a  sacrifice  of  a  hundred  oxen. 

126.  He'lios,  the  sun. 

APHEL'ION,  the  part  of  a  planet's  orbit  most  remote  from  the 
sun. 

HELIOM'ETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  to  measure  the  diam- 
eter of  the  sun,  moon,  etc. 

HELIOP'OLIS,  (polis,)  a  famous  city  of  Egypt. 

HE'LIOTROPE,  (tropos,)  a  plant  which  turns  towards  the  sun. 

PARHE'LION,  a  mock  sun. 

PERIHE'LION,  the  part  of  a  planet's  orbit  nearest  the  sun. 

127.  Hel'len,  a  Greek. 
HEL'LENIC,  Grecian. 

HEL'LENIST,  a  Jew  who  spoke  the  Greek  language. 

128.  He'mera,  a  day. 
EPHEM'ERA,  an  insect  that  lives  only  a  day. 
EPHEM'ERAL,  short-lived. 

EPHEM'ERIS,  an  account  of  the  daily  motions  and  situations 
of  the  heavenly  bodies. 

129.  He'misus,  half.    See  Prefix  He'mi. 

130.  Hen,  one. 

HY'PHEN,  a  short  dash  or  line  used  to  unite  two  words  into 
one,  etc. 

131.  Hep'ta,  seven. 
HEPTAG'ONAL,  (gonia,)  having  seven  angles. 

132.  Hefpar,  hep'atos,  the  liver. 

HEPAT'IC,  pertaining  to  the  liver. 

133.  Her'mes,  the    imagined  inventor  of    chemistry, 

Mercury. 
HERMETICALLY,  chemically ;  closely. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  -  251 

134.  He'ros,  a  brave  man ;  a  hero. 
HE'KO,  a  man  eminent  for  bravery ;  a  warrior. 
HERO'IC,  brave  ;  magnanimous. 

HER'OINE,  a  female  hero. 

HER'OISM,  the  qualities  or  character  of  a  hero. 

135.  Het'eros,  other,  another. 

HETEROS'CII,  those  whose  shadows  fall  only  one  way ;  those 
who  live  between  the  tropics  and  the  polar  circles. 

136.  Hex,  six. 

HEX' AGON,  (gonia,)  a  figure  with  six  sides  and  angles. 

HEX'AHEDEON,  (hedra,)  a  cube. 

HEXAM'ETER,  (metron,)  a  verse  of  six  metrical  feet. 

137.  Hi'eros,  sacred,  holy. 
HI'ERARCH,  (arche,)  the  chief  of  a  sacred  order. 
HIER'OPHANT,  (phano,)  one  who  teaches  religion. 
HIEROP'OLIS,  (polis,)  a  city  of  Syria. 

138.  Hip'pos,  a  horse. 

HIP'PODROME,  (dromos,)  a  course  for  chariot  and  horse  races. 
HIPPOPOT'AMUS,  (potamos,)  the  river-horse. 

139.  Histotfia,  history. 
HISTO'RIAN,  a  writer  of  history. 
HISTOB/ICAL,  relating  to  history. 

HISTORIOGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  or  employment  of  an 

historian. 

HIS'TORY,  a  narrative  of  past  events. 
STO'RY,  a  narrative ;  an  account  of  things  past. 

140.  Holos,  the  whole,  all. 
CATH'OLIC,  universal,  general. 
CATHOLICISM,  adherence  to  the  Catholic  Church. 
HOI/OCAUST,  (kaustikos,)  a  sacrifice,  the  whole  of  which  was 

consumed  by  fire. 

HOLOGRAPH,  (grapho,)  a  deed  written  by  the  grantor's  own 
hand. 


252  ,    A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

141.  Homi'lOS,  an  assembly. 
HOM'ILY,  a  discourse. 

142.  HoWl'os,  united ;  like;  equal. 
HOMOL'OGOUS,  (logos,)  having  the  same  relative  proportion. 

143.  Ho'ra,  an  hour. 
HO'RAL,  relating  to  an  hour. 
HOROG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  making  dials. 
HOR'OLOGE,  (logos,)  an  instrument  that  indicates  the  hour. 
HOROL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  art  of  constructing  timepieces. 
HOUR,  sixty  minutes;  a  particular  time. 

144.  Hor'os,  a  limit,  a  rule.     Hori'&o,  I  define. 
APH'ORISM,  a  short  pithy  sentence  ;  a  maxim. 
HORI'ZON,  the  line  where  the  earth  and  sky  seem  to  meet. 

145.  Hy'dor,  water. 

DROP'SY,  (ops,)  a  collection  of  water  in  the  body. 

HY'DRA,  a  monster  with  many  heads ;  a  water  serpent. 

HY'DRANT,  a  pipe  at  which  water  may  be  drawn. 

HYDRAU'LICS,  (aulos,)  the  science  of  the  motion  and  force  of 
fluids,  especially  of  water. 

HYDROG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  measuring  and  describ 
ing  bodies  of  water. 

HY'DROMEL,  (meli,)  a  liquor  made  of  honey  and  water. 

HYDROM'ETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  to  measure  the  spe- 
cific gravity  of  liquids. 

HYDROP'ATHY,  (pathos,)  method  of  curing  diseases  by  means 
of  water. 

HYDROSTAT'ICS,  (stasis,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  weight 
.  of  fluids,  or  their  properties  when  at  rest. 

146.  Hy'gros,  moist,  wet. 

HYGROM'ETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  for   measuring  the 
moisture  of  the  atmosphere. 

147.  Hy'men,  the  god  of  marriage. 
HYMENE'AL,  n.  a  marriage  song ;  a.  relating  to  marriage. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  253 

148.  Hym'nos,  a  festive  song ;  a  song  of  praise. 
HYMNOL'OGY,   (logos,)  the   body  of  hymns  of  a   particular 

country  or  period. 

149.  Ich'nos,  a  track,  a  footstep. 
ICHNOGRAPH'ICAL,  (grapho,)  describing  a  ground  plot. 

150.  Ich'thys,  a  fish. 
ICHTHYOLOGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  fishes. 

151.  Ide'd,  a  mental  image. 
IDE'ALIZE,  to  form  images  in  the  mind. 

152.  Id'ios,  peculiar ;  private. 

ID'IOM,  a  mode  of  expression  peculiar  to  a  language. 

153.  lo'ta,  a  point ;  the  least  particle. 

IO'TA,  a  jot ;  a  tittle  ;  the  ninth  letter  of  the  Greek  alphabet 

154.  I'ris,  i'ridos,  the  rainbow. 

I'ms,  the  colored  ring  which  surrounds  the  pupil  of  the  eye. 
FRISCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  instrument  for  exhibiting  the  colors  of 
thin  plates. 

155.  TSOS,  equal. 

ISOCH'KONAL,  (chronos,)  having  equal  times. 
ISOS'CELES,  (skelos,  the  leg,)  having  two  sides  equal. 
ISOTHEB/MAL,  (thermos,)  having  equal  heat  or  temperature. 

156.  Ka'kos,  bad ;  ill. 
CACOPH'ONY,  (phone,)  a  bad  sound  of  words. 

157.  Ka'los,  beautiful. 

CALIG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  beautiful  writing. 

KALEI'DOSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  optical  instrument  which    ex- 
hibits a  great  variety  of  beautiful  colors  and  forms. 

158.  Kalyp'to,  I  cover ;  I  veil. 
APOC'ALYPSE,  revelation,  discovery. 

159.  Karion,  a  rule ;  a  law. 
CANONICAL,  regular;  according  to  canon. 
CAN'ONIZE,  to  declare  a  man  a  saint. 

22 


254  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

160.  Kar'dia,  the  heart. 

PERICAR'DIUM,  a  membrane  which  encloses  the  heart. 

161.  Kaus'tikos,  burning.    Kai'o,  I  burn. 
CAUS'TIC,  burning  ;  corroding. 

CAU'TERY,  a  burning  by  a  hot  iron  ;  a  searing. 

162.  Ke'le,  a  swelling;  a  tumor. 
HY'DROCELE,  (hydor,)  a  watery  tumor. 

163.  Keritron,  the  centre. 
CEN'TRE,  the  middle  point. 

CENTRIF'UGAL,  (L.  fugio,)  flying  from  the  centre. 
CENTRIPETAL,  (L.  peto,)  tending  towards  the  centre. 
CONCENTRATE,  to  bring  into  a  narrow  compass. 
CONCEN'TRIC,  having  a  common  centre. 
ECCEN'TRIC,  deviating  from  the  centre  ;  irregular. 
ECCENTRIC'ITY,  deviation  from  what  is  usual. 
GEOCEN'TRIC,  (ge,)  having  the  earth  for  its  centre. 
HELIOCEN'TRIC,  (helios,)  noting  the  position  of  a  heavenly 
body  seen  from  the  sun. 

164.  Keph'ale,  the  head. 
ACEPH'ALOUS,  without  a  head. 
HYDROCEPH'ALUS,  (hydor,)  dropsy  in  the  head. 

165.  Ker'as,  a  horn. 
MONOC'EROS,  (monos,)  the  unicorn. 

RHINOC'EROS,  (rhin,  the  nose,)  a  large  animal  with  a  horn  on 
the  nose. 

166.  Klep'to,  I  steal. 

CLEP'SYDRA,  (hydor,)  a  kind  of  water-clock  among  the  an- 

cients. 
KLEPTOMA'NIA,  (mania,)  a  morbid  impulse  or  desire  to  steal. 


167.  Ele'siS)  act  of  calling.     Ekkle'sia,  an  assembly. 
ECCLESIAS'TIC,  pertaining  to  the  Church. 


GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  255 

168.  Kormos9  a  jovial  meeting ;  a  hymn  or  ode  to  cele- 

brate a  person  or  action. 
COM'EDY,  (ode,)  a  play  representing  the  lighter  actions  and 

passions  of  mankind. 

COM'IC,  raising  mirth ;  relating  to  comedy. 
ENCO'MIUM,  praise ;  panegyric. 
TRAGICOM'EDY,  (tragos,  ode,)  a  drama  compounded  of  serious 

and  humorous  events. 

169.  IKon'eo,  I  manage  affairs. 

DEA'CON,  one  of  the  lowest  order  of  the  clergy ;  one  who  at- 
tends to  the  poor  members  of  a  church. 
SUBDEA'CON,  a  deacon's  servant. 

170.  Korios,  a  cone. 
CON'IC,  having  the  form  of  a  cone. 
CON'ICS,  the  science  of  conic  sections. 

CONIC  SEC'TIONS,  (L.  seco,)  that  part  of  mathematics  which 
treats  of  the  properties,  measurements,  etc.,  of  the  sections 
of  a  cone. 

CO'NOID,  (eidos,)  a  figure  like  a  cone. 

171.  Kop'e,  a  cutting. 

APOC'OPE,  the  omission  of  the  last  letter  or  syllable  of  a  word. 
SYN'COPE,  a  contraction  of  a  word  ;  a  fainting  fit. 

172.  Kos'mos,  order ;  ornament ;  the  world. 
COSMET'IC,  a  preparation  to  improve  the  complexion. 
COSMOG'ONY,  (genea,)  the  creation  of  the  world. 
COSMOPOLITAN,  (politia,)  a  citizen  of  the  world. 

173.  Kra'tos,  power ;  government. 
DEMOCRACY,  (demos,)  a  government  by  the  people. 
DEM'OCRAT,  (demos,)  one  devoted  to  democracy. 
DEMONOc'RACY,(daimon,)the  government  of  demons. 
GYNEOC'RACY,  (gyne,)  female  government. 

THEOC'RACY,  (theos,)  government  immediately  directed  by 
God. 


256  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

174.  Kri'tes,  a  judge. 
CRI'SIS,  a  critical  time  or  turn. 

CRITE'RION,  a  standard  by  which  anything  can  be  judged. 

CBIT'ICISE,  to  judge  ;  to  censure. 

CRIT'ICISM,  remark  ;  the  art  of  judging. 

CRITIQUE',  a  critical  examination. 

HYPERCRIT'ICAL,  critical  beyond  reason. 

HYPOC'RISY,  dissimulation  ;  deceitful  appearance. 

HYP'OCRITE,  a  dissembler. 

175.  Kro'kos,  saffron. 

CROC'ODILE,  an  amphibious  animal  of  the  genus  Crocodilus. 
CRO'CUS,  a  flower. 

176.  Krysta'llos,  ice ;  crystal. 
CRYS'TAL,  a  regular  solid  body ;  a  kind  of  glass. 
CRYS'TALLIZE,  to  form  into  crystals. 

177.  Kryp'to,  I  hide;  I  conceal. 

APOC'RYPHA,  books  sometimes  appended  to  the  Bible,  of 
doubtful  authority. 

APOC'RYPHAL,  not  canonical ;  uncertain. 

CRYPT,  a  cell  or  cave. 

CRYPTOGA'MIA,  (gameo,)  the  class  of  flowerless  plants,  ferns, 
mosses,  lichens,  the  plant-infusoria,  etc. 

CRYPTOG'AMOUS,  (gameo,)  hidden  marriage. 

CRYPTOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  writing  in  secret  char- 
acters. 

178.  Eyk'los,  a  circle. 
CY'CLE,  a  periodical  space  of  time. 
CY'CLOID,  (eidos,)  a  geometrical  curve. 
CYCLO'PEDIA,  (paideia,)  a  circle  of  the  arts  and  sciences. 
ENCYC'LICAL,  circular ;  as,  the  encyclical  letter  of  the  Pope. 
ENCYCLOPEDIA,    (paideia,)    a   dictionary   of   instruction   or 

knowledge. 
EP'ICYCLE,  a  little  circle  whose  centre  is  in  the  circumference 

of  a  greater. 
HEM'ICYCLE,  a  half  circle. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  257 

179.  Kyliridros,  a  roller. 
CYLINDER,  a  long  round  body ;  a  roller. 
CYLIN'DRIC,  having  the  form  of  a  cylinder. 

180.  Ky'on,  ky'nos,  a  dog. 
CYN'IC,  a  surly  person  ;  a  misanthrope. 

CYN'OSURE,  the  star  near  the  north  pole  by  which  sailors  steer ; 
anything  which  attracts  general  attention. 

181.  La'bo,  I  take. 

DISSYLLABLE,  a  word  of  two  syllables. 

MONOSYLLABLE,  (monos,)  a  word  of  one  syllable. 

SYL'LABLE,  as  much  of  a  word  as  is  uttered  by  one  articula- 
tion. 

182.  La' os,  the  people. 

LA'ITY,  the  people  distinct  from  the  clergy. 
LAODICE'A,  a  city  of  Phrygia. 
NIC'OLAS,  (nike,)  a  man's  name. 

183.  Ldtrei'ct,  worship,  service  for  hire. 
DEMONOL'ATRY,  (daimon,)  the  worship  of  demons. 
LA'TRIA,  the  highest  kind  of  worship. 
PYROL'ATRY,  (pyr,)  the  worship  of  fire. 

184.  Lei'po  or  Li'po,  I  leave  out. 

ECLIPSE',  the  darkening  of  one  heavenly  body  by  the  inter- 
vention of  another. 

ECLIP'TIC,  the  apparent  path  of  the  sun  in  the  heavens. 
ELLIP'SIS,  an  omission  ;  an  oval  figure. 
ELLIP'TICAL,  defective ;  oval. 

185.  Lep'sis,  a  taking  or  receiving.     Lem'ma,  some- 

thing taken. 

CATALEP'SY,  a  kind  of  apoplexy. 
EPILEP'SY,  the  falling  sickness. 
PROLEP'SIS,  an  error  in  chronology. 

186.  Le'the,  forgetfulness ;  oblivion*. 
LETHAR'GIC,  (argos,  idle,  inactive,)  drowsy,  dull. 
LETHE' AN,  causing  oblivion. 

22*  B 


258  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

187.  Lex' is,  a  word  or  expression.     Lex'ikos,  relating 

to  words. 

LEXICOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  writing  a  lexicon  or  dic- 
tionary. 
LEX'ICON,  a  dictionary. 

-  V 

188.  lAtanei'a,  prayer,  supplication. 

LIT' ANY,  a  form  of  prayer  used  in  public  worship. 

189.  Lith'os,  a  stone. 
LITH'ARGE,  lead  vitrified ;  scum  of  lead. 
LITHOG'RAPHER,  (grapho,)  one  who  takes  impressions  from 

stone. 
LITHOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  taking  impressions  from 

stone. 
LITHOT'OMY,  (tomos,)  the  art  or  practice  of  operating  for 

stone. 

190.  LoVos,  the  tip  of  the  ear. 

LOBE,  a  round,  projecting  part  of  an  organ,  as  of  the  liver, 
lungs,  brain,  etc. 

191.  Log' OS,  reason  ;  a  word ;  a  science. 
ANAL'OGY,  resemblance;  similarity. 
AP'OLOGUE,  a  fable. 

APOI/OGY,  a  defence  ;  an  excuse. 

CATALOGUE,  a  list. 

CONCHOL'OGY,  (konche,  a  shell,)  the  science  of  shells. 

BI'ALOGUE,  a  conversation  ;  a  conference. 

EC'LOGUE,  a  pastoral  poem. 

EP'ILOGUE,  the  poem  or  speech  at  the  end  of  the  play. 

HYMNOL'OGY,  (hymnos,  a  hymn;)  a  collection  of  hymns. 

ILLOG'ICAL,  contrary  to  the  rules  of  logic. 

LOGICIAN,  one  skilled  in  logic. 

MINERAL'OGY,  (Fr.  mineral,)  the  science  of  minerals. 

PHRASEOL'OGY,  (phrasis,)  mode  of  expression ;  diction. 

PHRENOL'OGY,  (phren,)  the  science  which  professes  to  explain 

the  disposition  and  qualities  of  the  mind  by  supposed  organs 

in  the  brain. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  259 

PHYSIOL'OGY,  (physis,)  the  science  which  treats  of  the  func- 
tions of  animals  and  plants. 

PRO'LOGUE,  the  preface  to  a  discourse  or  performance. 

PSYCHOL'OGY,  (psyche,)  the  doctrine  of  the  soul. 

SYL'LOGISM,  a  form  of  reasoning  consisting  of  three  propositions. 

TAUTOLOGY,  (tautos,)  a  repetition  of  the  same  words,  or  of 
the  same  meaning  in  different  words. 

TOXICOL'OGY,  (toxikon,)  a  discourse  on  poisons. 

TECHNOLOGY,  (techne,)  a  description  of  the  arts. 

THEOL'OGY,  (theos,)  the  science  which  teaches  of  God  and  di- 
vine things. 

192.  Jjyfsis,  a  loosing.     Ly'tiJtOS,  capable  of  loosing. 
ANAL'YSIS,  to  resolve  a  compound  into  its  first  principles. 
ANALYTICAL,  resolving  into  first  principles. 

PAL'SY,  loss  of  the  power  of  voluntary  motion. 
PAKAL'YSIS,  loss  of  motion  and  feelings. 
PAR/ALYZE,  to  destroy  the  power  of  action. 

193.  Mach'omai,  I  fight. 
LOGOM;ACHY,  (logos,)  a  contention  about  words. 
NAU'MACHY,  (naus,)  a  mock  sea-fight. 

THEOM'ACHY,  (theos,)  a  fighting  against  God;  opposition  to 
the  Divine  will. 

194.  MaKros,  large  ;  of  great  extent.    Meg'as,  large. 
MAC'ROCOSM  or  MEG'ACOSM,  (kosmos,)  the  great  world  or  vis- 
ible universe  in  opposition  to  the  microcosm,  or  world  of 
man. 

195.  Ma'nia,  madness. 
MA'NIA,  madness. 
MA'NIAC,  a  mad  person. 

196.  HHantei'a,  divination ;  prediction. 
A'EROMANCY,  (aer,)  divination  by  the  air  and  winds. 
ARITH'MANCY,  (arithmos,)  a  foretelling  by  numbers. 
CHIR'OMANCY,  (cheir,)  a  foretelling  by  inspecting  the  hand. 
NEC'ROMANCY,  (nekros,)  the  art  of  foretelling  future  events 

by  communication  with  the  dead. 


260  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

197.  Mar'tyr,  a  witness. 
MAR'TYRDOM,  the  death  of  a  martyr. 
MARTYROL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  history  of  martyrs. 
PROTOMAR'TYR,  (protos,)  the  first  martyr. 

198.  Mathe'ma,  mathe'matos,  learning. 
MATHEMATICS,  the  science  that  treats  of  whatever  can  be 

measured  or  numbered ;  the  science  of  quantity. 
PHIL'OMATH,  (philos,)  a  lover  of  learning;  a  scholar. 

199.  Md'tOS,  a  moving ;  a  motion. 
AUTOMATICAL,  (autos,)  belonging  to  an  automaton. 
AUTOM'ATON,  (autos,)  a  self-moving  machine. 

200.  Mechdriao,  I  contrive ;  I  invent. 
MECHANICIAN,  one  skilled  in  mechanics. 
MECHANICS,  the  science  of  moving  forces. 
MECH'ANISM,  the  construction  of  a  machine. 

201.  Me'li,  me'litos,  honey. 

OX'YMEL,  (oxys,)  a  mixture  of  vinegar  and  honey. 
HY'DROMEL,  (hydor,)  a  mixture  of  water  and  honey. 

202.  Mel' an,  black  ;  dark. 

MEL'ANITE,  a  species  of  garnet  of  a  velvet-black  color. 
MEL'ANCHOLY,  (chole,)  dejection  of  spirits. 

203.  Mel' OS,  a  song  or  poem. 

MEL'ODY,  (ode,)  an  agreeable  succession  of  sounds;  music. 

204.  Men,  a  month. 

MENOI/OGY,  (logos,)  a  register  of  months. 

205.  Mes'os,  middle. 

MES'OCARP,  (karpos,  fruit,)  the  middle  layer  of  a  pericarp, 
which  consists  of  three  distinct  layers. 

206.  Metal'lon,  a  metal. 

MET'AL,  a  simple,  fixed,  shining,  opaque  body,  insoluble  in 
water  and  fusible  by  heat. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  261 

METALLIF'EROUS,  (L.  fero,)  producing  metals. 
MET'ALLOID,  (eidos,)  a  name  applied  to  the  metallic  basis  of 
the  alkalies  and  earths. 

207.  JMTeteo'ra,   flying    luminous  bodies    in   the    air ; 

meteors. 

ME'TEOR,  a  luminous  body  floating  in  the  atmosphere. 
METEOR'IC,  pertaining  to  meteors. 
METEOR'OLITE,  (lithos,)  a  meteoric  stone. 
METEOROL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  meteors. 

208.  Me'ter,  me'tros,  a  mother. 
METROPOLIS,  (polis,)  the  chief  city  of  a  country. 
METROPOLITAN,  (polis,)  n.  an  archbishop ;  a.  belonging  to  a 

metropolis. 

209.  Met'ron,  a  measure. 

AEROM'ETER,  (aer,)  an  instrument  to  measure  the  density  of 
any  liquid. 

DIAM'ETER,  a  line  which  passes  through  the  centre  of  a  circle, 
and  terminates  at  both  ends  in  its  circumference. 

ELECTROM'ETER,  (elektron,  amber,)  an  instrument  for  meas- 
uring the  quantity  or  intensity  of  electricity. 

GASOM'ETER,  an  instrument  to  measure  gases. 

GONIOM'ETER,  (gonia,)  an  instrument  to  measure  angles,  par- 
ticularly of  crystals. 

ME'TER,,  verse  ;  a  measure. 

MICROM'ETER,  (mikros,)  an  instrument  for  measuring  small 
objects. 

PENTAM'ETER,  (pente,)  a  verse  of  five  feet. 

PERIM'ETER,  the  sum  of  the  lines  which  bound  a  figure. 

PHOTOM'ETER,  (phos,)  an  instrument  for  measuring  light. 

PYROM'ETER,  (pyr,)  an  instrument  for  measuring  degrees  of 
heat  above  those  indicated  by  a  thermometer. 

SEMI-DIAM'ETER,  half  a  diameter. 

SYM'METRY,  adaptation  of  parts  to  each  other ;  proportion. 

TETRAM'ETER,  (tetra,)  a  verse  consisting  of  four  feet. 

THERMOMETER,  (thermos,)  an  instrument  for  measuring  heat. 

TRIM'ETER,  (tria,)  a  verse  consisting  of  three  feet. 


262  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

210.  Mias'ma,  a  stain ;  pollution. 
MIAS'MA,  noxious  exhalation. 

MIASMAT'IC,  pertaining  to  infected  floating  particles  in  the  air. 

211.  Mik'ros,  little,  small. 

MI'CROCOSM,  (kosmos,)  a  little  world ;  man. 

MICROPHONE,  (phone,)  an  instrument  to  increase  the  inten- 
sity of  low  sounds. 

MI'CROSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  optical  instrument  for  examining 
small  objects. 

212.  Mi'mos,  a  farce. 

MIM'IC,  a  ludicrous  imitator ;  a  buffoon. 

MIM'ICRY,  ludicrous,  imitation. 

PAN'TOMIME,  (pan,)  a  scene  or  representation  in  dumb  show. 

213.  M$SOS9  hatred ;  enmity. 
MIS'ANTHROPE,  (anthropos,)  a  hater  of  mankind. 

214.  Mne'o  or  Mna'o,  I  remind. 
AM'NESTY,  an  act  of  general  pardon. 
MNEMONICS,  the  art  of  assisting  the  memory. 

215.  Mori  OS,  one ;  alone. 

MON'AD,  an  atom ;  an  indivisible  particle. 

MONARCHICAL,  (arche,)  pertaining  to  monarchy. 

MON'ARCHY,  (arche,)  government  by  one  person. 

MON'ASTERY,  a  house  of  religious  retirement. 

MONAS'TIC,  secluded  from  the  world. 

MONK,  one  of  a  religious  community  inhabiting  a  monastery. 

MON'ODY,  (ode,)  a  song  or  poem  sung  by  one  person. 

MONOG'AMY,  (gameo,)  marriage  of  one  wife. 

MON'OGRAM,  (gramma,)  a  character  or  cipher  composed  of 
one  or  more  letters  interwoven. 

MONOP'OLY,  (poleo,)  the  exclusive  privilege  of  selling  any- 
thing. 

MON'OSTICH,  (stichos,)  a  composition  consisting  of  one  verse. 

MON'OTHEISM,  (theos,)  belief  in  the  existence  of  only  one  God. 

MON'OTONE,  (tonos,)  uniformity  of  sound  ;  want  of  cadence. 

MONOT'ONY,  (tonos,)  want  of  variety  ;  irksomeness. 


GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  263 

216.  Mor'phe,  a  form ;  a  figure. 
AMOR'PHOUS,  shapeless ;  without  regular  form. 
METAMOR'PHIC,  noting  the  changes  which  minerals  or  rocks 

may  have  undergone  since  their  deposition. 

217.  My'o,  I  close  or  shut. 
MY'OPY,  (ops,)  short-sightedness. 

218.  Myr^ias,  my ri! ados,  the  number  of  ten  thousand. 
MYR'IAD,  an  indefinitely  large  number. 

219.  My'stikos,  hidden ;  secret. 
MYSTE'RIOUS,  full  of  mystery. 
MYS'TERY,  something  secret  or  unexplained. 
MYS'TIC,  obscure ;  secret. 

MYS'TICISM,  the  doctrine  of  the  Mystics. 

220.  My'thos,  a  word ;  a  story  ;  a  legend. 
MYTH'ICAL,  fabulous  or  legendary. 
MYTHOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  system  of  fables  or  myths. 

221.  Nar'ke,  numbness ;  torpidness. 
NARCIS'SUS,  a  flower ;  the  daffodil. 
NARCOT'IC,  causing  stupor. 

222.  Naus,  a  ship.    See  Nau'ta,  a  sailor,  and  Nav'is, 

a  ship,  in  Latin  roots,  page  158. 

223.  NeKros,  a  dead  body. 
NECROL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  register  of  deaths. 
NECROMAN'TIC,  (manteia,)  performed  by  enchantment. 

224.  Ne'os,  new. 

NEAPOLITAN,  (polis,)  an  inhabitant  of  the  new  City  or  Naples. 
NEOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  system  of  new  doctrines  or  words. 
NE'OPHYTE,  (phyton,)  a  new  convert ;  a  proselyte. 

225.  We' SOS,  an  island. 

PELOPONNE'SUS.  the  island  of  Pelops,  now  called  the  Morea. 
POLYNESIA,  (poly,)  a  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  containing 
many  islands. 


264  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

226.  Neu'ron,  a  nerve. 

NEURAL'GIA,  (algos,)  a  disease,  the  chief  symptom  of  which 
is  a  very  acute  pain,  which  follows  the  course  of  a  nervous 
branch. 

NEUROT'IC,  relating  to  the  nerves. 

NEUROL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  description  of  the  nerves. 

NEUROT'OMY,  (tomos,)  a  cutting  or  dissection  of  the  nerves. 

227.  Ni'ke,  victory. 

AR'SENIC,  (arsen,  male,  strong,)  a  mineral  poison. 
NICOP'OLIS,  (polis,)  a  city  of  Palestine. 

228.  Norn' as,  nom'ados,  living  on  pasturage. 
NOM'AD,  one  who  leads  a  wandering  life  and  subsists  by  past- 
uring herds. 

NOMAD'IC,  pastoral;  wandering. 

229.  Nbmis'ma,  the  current  coin  of  a  state. 
NUMISMATICS,  the  science  of  coins  and  medals. 

230.  Nom'os,  a  law  ;  management. 

ANTINO'MIAN,  one  who  denies  the  obligation  of  the  moral  law. 
ANTINOMY,  a  contradiction  between  two  laws. 

231.  Nos'os,  disease. 

NOSOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  description  of  diseases. 

232.  NymfpTia,  a  goddess  of  the  woods,  mountains,  etc. 
NYMPH,  a  goddess  of  the  mountains,  woods,  or  waters ;  a  lady. 
NYMPH'-LIKE,  resembling  a  nymph. 

233.  Obelis'kos,  an  obelisk. 

OB'ELISK,  a  tall,  four-sided  pillar  gradually  tapering  as  it 
rises ;  a  mark  for  reference,  thus  (f)  ;  also  called  a  dagger. 

234.  O'de,  an  ode,  a  song. 

MON'ODY,  (monos,)  a  poem  of  a  mournful  character,  in  which 
a  single  person  expresses  lamentation. 

PAR'ODY,  a  kind  of  burlesque  writing,  in  which  the  words  or 
thoughts,  by  some  slight  alteration,  are  adapted  to  a  differ- 
ent purpose. 


GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  265 

PROS'ODY,  (pros,  to,)  that  part  of  grammar  which  treats  of 

verse. 

PSALM'ODY,  (psalma,)  the  act  of  singing  psalms. 
KHAP'SODY,  (rhapto,)  a  collection  of  songs  or  verses. 
TRAG'EDY,  (tragos,  a  goat,)  a  dramatic  representation  of  a 

calamitous  or  fatal  action. 

235.  Od'os,  a  road  ;  a  journey. 
EP'ISODE,  an  incidental  narrative  ;  a  digression. 

EX'ODUS,  a  departure  from  a  place ;  the  second  book  in  the 

Bible. 

METH'OD,  a  regular  order  ;  a  way. 
METHODICAL,  regular ;  orderly. 
PE'KIOD,  a  course  of  events ;  a  full  stop. 
SYN'OD,  an  ecclesiastical  assembly ;  a  meeting. 
PERIODICAL,  a  publication  issued  at  stated  intervals  of  time; 

occurring  at  regular  periods. 

236.  Od'ous,  odoritos,  tooth. 
ODONTAL'GIA,  (algos,)  the  toothache. 

237.  O'dyne,  pain. 
AN'ODYNE,  serving  to  assuage  pain. 

238.  Oi'kos,  a  house,  a  household.     Oi'keo,  I  dwell. 

DIOC'ESAN,  pertaining  to  a  diocese* 
DI'OCESE,  the  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 
ECON'OMY,  (nomos,)  thrifty  management ;  frugality. 
ECUMENICAL,  ECUMEN'IC,  general ;  universal,  as  an  ecumen- 
ical council. 

PAK'ISH,  the  particular  charge  of  a  clergyman. 
PARO'CHIAL,  belonging  to  a  parish. 
ECONOMIZE,  to  manage  pecuniary  concerns  with  frugality. 

239.  OKto,  eight. 

OC'TAGON,  (gonia,)  a  plane  figure  of  eight  angles  and  sides. 
OCTAHE'DBON,  (hedra,)  a  solid  contained  by  eight  equal  and 
equilateral  triangles. 
23 


266  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

OCTAN'DRIAN,  or  OCTAN'DROUS,  (andros,)  belonging  to  the 
class  Octandria ;  having  eight  distinct  stamens. 

240.  Oligos,  few. 

OLIGARCHICAL,  (arche,)  pertaining  to  an  oligarchy. 
OLIGARCHY,  (arche,)  a  government  which  is  in  the  hands  of 
a  few. 

241.  Olym'pOS,  a  mountain  of  Macedonia. 
OLYMPIAD,  a  period  of  four  years,  reckoned  from  one  cele- 
bration of  the  Olympic  games  to  another. 

OLYM'PIC,  relating  to  Olympia  in  Greece,  the  town  in  which 
were  celebrated  the  games  in  honor  of  Jupiter. 

242.  Om'alos,  even ;  regular. 
ANOMALOUSLY,  irregularly. 

ANOM'ALY,  a  deviation  from  the  common  rule. 

243.  Orioma  and  On'yma,  a  name. 
ANON'YMOUS,  without  a  name. 

METON'YMY,  (meta,)  a  rhetorical  figure  by  which  one  word  is 

put  for  another. 
ONOMATOPCE'IA,  (poieo,)  accordance  of  the  sound  of  a  word 

with  the  thing  signified. 
PARONOMA'SIA,  a  play  upon  words ;  a  pun. 
PATRONYM'IC,  (pater,)  a  name  derived  from  that  of  a  parent 

or  ancestor. 

SYN'ONYM,  a  word  having  the  same  meaning  as  another  word. 
SYNON'YMOUS,  having  the  same  meaning. 

244.  On,  oritOS,  being. 

ONTOL'OGY,  that  part  of  metaphysics  which  investigates  the 
essential  properties  and  relations  of  all  beings  as  such. 

245.  Ophthal'mos,  the  eye. 
OPHTHAL'MIA,  a  disease  of  the  eyes. 

246.  Op 'Ion ,  a  weapon  ;  arms. 
PAN'OPLY,  (pan,)  complete  armor. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  267 


247.  Op'tomai,Iaee.  Of/aia,  aview.    O'ps,  face,  eye. 
CATOP'TRICS,  that  part  of  optics  whicli  treats  of  vision  by  re- 

flection. 
DIOP'TRICS,  that  part  of  optics  which  treats  of  refraction  of 

light. 

OPTI'CIAN,  one  skilled  in  optics. 
OP'TICS,  the  science  which  treats  of  the  nature  and  laws  of 

vision. 
SYNOP'SIS,  a  general  view. 

248.  Ora'ma,  a  sight,  a  view. 

DIORA'MA,  a  mode  of  scenic  representation  in  which  a  paint- 
ing is  seen  from  a  distance  through  a  large  opening. 

PANORA'MA,  a  picture  presenting  a  view  of  objects  in  every 
direction. 

249.  Or>kos,  an  oath. 

EX'ORCISE,  to  adjure  by  some  holy  name  ;  to  expel  evil  spirits. 
EX'ORCISM,  expulsion  of  evil  spirits. 

250.  Or'ganon,  an  instrument. 

DISORGANIZE,  to  destroy  the  organic  structure  ;  to  throw  into 
confusion. 

OR'GAN,  a  natural  instrument  of  action  ;  a  musical  instrument. 

ORGAN'IC,  pertaining  to  an  organ  or  its  functions  ;  organic 
bodies  are  those  which  possess  organs,  on  the  action  of 
which  depend  their  growth,  such  as  animals  and  plants. 

ORGANIZATION,  structure  ;  construction  with  parts. 

251.  Or'nis,  or'nithos,  a  bird. 
ORNITHOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  birds. 
ORNITH'OMANCY,  (manteia,)  divination  by  the  flight  of  birds. 

252.  Or'phanos,  bereft  of  parents. 

OR'PHAN,  a  child  who  has  lost  both  father  and  mother  ;  some- 

times a  child  who  has  only  one  parent  living. 
OR'PHANAGE,  the  state  of  being  an.  orphan. 

253.  Or'thos,  erect,  right. 

ORTHODROM'ICS,  (dromos,)  the  art  of  sailing  on  a  great  circle, 


268  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

which  is  the  shortest  distance  between  two  places  on  the 

surface  of  the  earth. 

OB/THOEPY,  (epos,)  the  right  pronunciation  of  words. 
ORTHOG'RAPHY,    (grapho,)    the   spelling  of  words  with  the 

proper  letters. 

254.  Os'teon,  a  bone. 

OSTEOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  description  of  the  bones. 
PEBJOS'TEUM,  a  membrane  which  covers  the  bones. 

255.  Os'trakon,  a  small  shell  used  in  voting  concerning 

the  banishment  of  a  citizen. 

OS'TRACISM,  a  mode  of  banishment.  When  it  was  feared  that 
a  citizen  of  Athens  was  becoming  too  powerful,  a  vote  was 
taken  concerning  his  banishment.  If  6000  shells  bearing 
his  name  were  deposited  in  the  urn,  he  was  banished  for 
ten  years. 

OS'TRACIZE,  to  banish  ;  to  expel. 

256.  Ou'ranos,  heaven. 

OURANOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  the  heavens. 

257.  OUS,  0'tOS,  the  ear. 

OTACOU'STTC,  (akouo,)  an  instrument  to  facilitate  hearing. 
PAROT'ID,  salivary. 

258.  Ox'ys,  sour,  sharp. 

OX'IDE,  a  compound  of  oxygen  and  a  base  destitute  of  acid 

and  salifying  properties. 
OX'IDIZE,  to  convert  into  an  oxide. 
PAE/OXYSM,  a  violent  fit  of  disease  or  pain. 

259.  Pach'ys,  thick. 

PACH'YDERM,  (derma,)  a  non-ruminant,  hoofed  animal ;  one 

of  the  pachydermata,  such  as  the  elephant. 
PACHYDER'MATA,  (derma,)  an  order  of  mammals  which  have 

hoofs  and  a  thick  skin,  but  do  not  ruminate,  such  as  the 

hippopotamus. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  269 

260.  Paidei'a,  learning,    Pais,  pai'dos,  a  child. 
PED'AGOGUE,  (agogeus,)  a  school-master ;  a  conceited  teacher. 
PED'ANT,  one  who  makes  a  vain  display  of  learning. 

261.  Pa'leos  or  Palai'os,  old,  ancient. 
PALEOG'BAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  or  science  of  deciphering 

ancient  inscriptions. 

262.  Pa'lin,  again. 

PAL'IMPSEST,  (psao,  I  rub  away,)  a  manuscript  which  has 
been  written  on  twice,  the  first  writing  having  been  erased 
to  make  room  for  the  second. 

PAL'INODE,  (ode,)  a  satirical  poem  retracting  a  former  one. 

263.  Pan  or  Pas,  paritos,  all ;  whole. 
PANACE'A,  (akeo,  I  cure,)  a  universal  medicine. 
PANEGYR'IC,  (agora,)  a  laudatory  speech ;  a  eulogy. 
PAN'IC,  a  sudden  fright  without  cause. 

PAN'THEISM,  (theos,)  the  doctrine  that  the  universe  is  God. 
PAN'THEON,  (theos,)  a  temple  at  Kome  dedicated  to  all  the 

gods. 
PAN'TOGRAPH,  (grapho,)  a  copying  instrument. 

264.  Pa' pas,  a  father. 

PAPA',  father,  a  term  used  by  children. 

POPE,  the  head  of  the  Koman  Catholic  Church. 

265.  Papy'ros,  paper;    an  Egyptian  reed  from  which 

paper  was  made. 
PA' PEE,  a  substance  formed  into  thin  sheets,  on  which  to  write 

or  print. 
PAPY'RUS,  an  Egyptian  reed  from  which  paper  was  made. 

266.  Paradei'sos,  a  garden  of  pleasure. 
PAR'ADISE,  the  garden  of  Eden;  a  place  of  bliss. 

267.  Pa'teo,  I  tread. 

PERIPATET'IC,  pertaining  to  the  philosophy  of  Aristotle,  so 
called  because  this  philosopher  taught,  walking  in  the  Ly- 
ceum at  Athens. 
23* 


270  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

268.  Falter,  pa'tros,  a  father.     For  other  derivatives, 

see  Latin  roots,  page  167. 
PA'TER-NOS'TER,  (L.  noster,  our,)  the  Lord's  Prayer ;  so  called 

from  the  first  words,  "  Our  Father." 
PA'TRIARCH,  (arche,)  one  who  governs   by  paternal   right. 

"  The  Twelve  Patriarchs,"  the  twelve  sons  of  Jacob. 
PATRIOTIC,  pertaining  to  the  ancient  fathers  of  the  Christian 

Church. 
PATRONYM'IC,  a  name  derived  from  a  parent  or  ancestor ;  a 

modification  of  the  father's  name  borne  by  the   son,  as, 

Pelides,  the  son  of  Peleus,  that  is  Achilles. 

269.  Pa'thos,  feeling. 
ANTIP'ATHY,  aversion ;  dislike. 
AP'ATHY,  want  of  feeling. 

PATHET'IC,  affecting  or  moving  the  tender  emotions. 
PATHOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  diseases,  their  causes,  etc. 
PA'THOS,  feeling ;  passion. 
SYM'PATHY,  fellow-feeling  ;  agreement  of  affections. 

270.  JPeiraftes,  a  sea  robber. 
EMPIR'IC,  a  quack;  a  charlatan. 

Pi' RACY,  robbery  on  the  sea ;  literary  theft. 

271.  Perite,  five.    Pentekos'te,  the  fiftieth  day. 
PENTAPET'ALOUS,   (petalon,)   having   five   petals   or   flower- 
leaves. 

PEN'TARCHY,  (arche,)  government  by  five. 
PEN'TATEUCH,  (teuchos,  a  book,)  the  five  books  of  Moses. 
PEN'TECOST,  a  festival  among  the  Jews  on  the  fiftieth  day 
after  the  passover  ;  Whitsuntide. 

272.  Pep'tos,  concocted ;  digested. 
DYSPEP'SIA,  (dys,)  weak  digestion. 

273.  Petalon,  a  flower  leaf. 
APET'ALOUS,  having  no  petals. 

BIPET'ALOUS,  (L.  bis,  twice,)  having  two  flower  leaves. 
PET'AL,  one  of  the  colored  leaves  of  a  flower. 
POLYPET'ALOUS,  having  many  petals. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  27! 

274.  Pet'ra,  a  rock  ;  a  stone. 
PE'TER,  a  man's  name  signifying  a  rock. 
PETRIFAC'TION,  (L.  facio,)  the  conversion  of  organic  matter 

into  stone. 

PET'RIFY,  to  convert  to  stone. 
PETRO'LEUM,  (oleum,  oil,)  a  liquid  bitumen. 
SALTPE'TRE,  (L.  sal,  salt,)  a  mineral  salt;  nitre. 

275.  Pha'go,  I  eat. 

ICHTHYOPH'AGY,  (ichthys,)  the  practice  of  eating  fish. 
SARCOPH'AGUS,  (sarkos,)  a  stone  coffin ;  a  coffin  of  limestone, 
among  the  Greeks,  which  consumed  the  flesh  in  a  few  weeks. 
SARCOPH'AGY,  (sarkos,)  the  practice  of*  eating  flesh. 

276.  Pha'no  or  Phe'no,  I  appear. 
DIAPH' ANGUS,  transmitting  light ;  transparent. 
EM'PHASIS,  stress  of  the  voice  on  a  word  or  sentence. 
EPIPH'ANY,  a  Christian  festival ;  the  appearance  of  Christ  in 

the  world. 

FAN'CY,  the  power  of  forming  images  in  the  mind. 
FANTAS'TIC,  fanciful. 

HIER'OPHANT,  (hieros,)  a  priest ;  one  who  teaches  religion. 
PHA'ETON,  an  open  carriage  on  four  wheels  drawn  by  two 

horses. 

PHAN'TASM,  a  spectre  ;  a  vision. 
PHAN'TOM,  a  spectre  ;  an  apparition. 
PHASE,  an  appearance.    . 

PHENOMENON.,  an  appearance  ;  anything  remarkable. 
PROPH'ECY,  a  prediction. 
PROPH'ESY,  to  foretell ;  to  predict. 
PROPH'ET,  one  who  foretells  future  events. 
PSEU'DO-PROPH'ET,  (pseudo,)  a  false  prophet. 

277.  Pha^makon,  a  medicine ;  a  drug. 
PHARMACEU'TIC,  relating  to  pharmacy. 
PHARMACOPCE'IA,  (poieo,)  a  book   containing  rules  for  the 

preparation  of  medicines. 
PHAR'MACY,  the  art  of  preparing  medicines. 


272  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

278.  Plioinix,  a  fabulous  bird. 

PHE'NIX,  a  bird  fabled  to  exist  single,  and  to  rise  again  from 
its  own  ashes. 

279.  Pher'ne,  dower  brought  by  the  wife. 
PARAPHERNA'LIA,  goods  of  a  wife  beyond  her  dowry. 

280.  Flier' O,  I  carry ;  I  bear. 

MET'APHOR,  a  word  expressing  similitude  without  the  sign  of 
comparison. 

PERIPH'ERY,  the  circumference  of  a  circle,  ellipse,  etc. 

PHOSPHORES'CENT,  (phos,)  shining  with  a  faint  light. 

PHOS'PHORUS,  (phos,)  an  elementary  substance,  of  a  yellow- 
ish color,  which  bufns  with  great  rapidity ;  the  planet 
Venus,  when  appearing  as  the  morning  star. 

PHOS'PHOROUS,  (phos,)  pertaining  to  phosphorus. 

PHYLLOPH'OROUS,  (phyllon,)  bearing  leaves. 

281.  PMI'OS,  a  lover. 

PHILOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  study  of  language,  especially  in  a 

philosophic  manner. 
PHILOME'LA,  (melos,)  the  nightingale. 
PHILOS'OPHY,  (sophia,)  the  love  of  wisdom ;  investigation  of 

causes  or  first  principles. 
THEOPH'ILUS,  (theos,)  a  lover  of  God. 

282.  Phleg'o,  I  burn.    Phleg'ma,  a  burning. 
ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC,  counteracting  inflammation. 

PHLEGM,  the  mucus  of  the  respiratory  and   digestive  pas- 


PHLEGMAT'IC,  cold ;  dull. 

PHLOGIS'TON,  the  principle  of  inflammability. 

283.  Phob'os,  fear ;  dread. 

HYDROPHO'BIA,  (hydor,)  a  preternatural  dread  of  water,    a 
symptom  of  canine  madness. 

284.  Pho'ne,  a  sound ;  voice. 
PHON'ICS.  the  doctrine  or  theory  of  sound. 
SYM'PHONY,  harmony  of  sounds. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  273 

285.  Phos,pho'tos,li$ii\  fire. 

PHOS'PHATE,  a  salt  formed  by  a  combination  of  phosphoric 
acid  with  a  salifiable  base. 

PHOTOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  producing  pictures  of  ob- 
jects by  the  action  of  light  on  chemically  prepared  surfaces. 

286.  Phra'sis,  a  saying ;  speech. 

PAB/APHKASE,  an  explanation  in  many  words ;  a  free  inter- 
pretation. 
PER'IPHEASE,  circumlocution  ;  circuit  of  words. 

287.  Phren,  the  mind. 

FRAN'TIC,  mad ;  furious. 
FRENET'IC,  mad ;  distracted. 
FKEN'ZY,  madness. 

288.  Phfheg'ma,  a  word  or  sound  uttered  ;  a  saying. 
AP'OTHEGM  or  AP'OPHTHEGM,  a  remarkable  saying. 
TRIPH' THONG,  (tria,)  a  union  of  three  vowels  in  one  sound. 

289.  Phyl'lon,  a  leaf. 
MONOPH'YLLOUS,  (monos,)  having  only  one  leaf. 

290.  PTiy'sis,  a  bringing  forth ;  nature. 
METAPHYS'ICS,  the  science  of  mind. 
PHYS'IC,  the  art  of  healing ;  medicine. 

291.  Phy'ton,  a  plant. 

PHYTOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  plants ;  botany. 
ZO'OPHYTE,  (zo'on,)  a  body  which  partakes  of  the  nature  both 

of  an  animal  and  a  plant. 
NE'OPHYTE,  (neos,)  a  new  convert;  a  proselyte. 

292.  Pi' no,  I  drink. 

SYMPO'SIUM,  a  drinking  together ;  a  merrj*  feast. 

293.  Pld'ne,  a  wandering  about. 

PLAN'ET,  a  heavenly  body  which  revolves  around  the  sun. 
PLAN'ET-STRUCK,  blasted  as  by  a  planet. 

294.  Plus' SO,  I  smear ;  Lform  in  clay. 
CAT'APLASM,  a  poultice ;  a  soft  plaster. 


274  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

PLAS'TIC,  having  power  to  give  form  to  a  mass  of  matter. 
PKO'TOPLAST,  (protos,)  the  thing  first  formed  as  a  copy ;  the 
original. 

295.  Pla'ton,  an  Athenian  philosopher,  born  429  B.  C. 
PLATON'IC,  purely  spiritual  or  intellectual. 
PLA'TONIST,  a  follower  of  Plato. 

296.  Ple'os,  full. 
PLE'ONASM,  redundancy  of  words. 

297.  Pleu'ra,  the  side ;  a  rib. 

PLEU'RISY,  an  inflammation  of  the  membrane  which  covers 
the  inside  of  the  thorax. 

298.  Pneu'mon,  the  lung.    Pneu'ma,  pneu'ma- 

tOS9  air,  spirit. 

PNEUMAT'ICS,  the  science  which  treats  of  the  air. 
PNEUMO'NIA,  inflammation  of  the  lungs. 

299.  Poi'eo,  I  make ;  I  compose. 
PO'EM,  a  metrical  composition. 
PO'ESY,.  the  art  of  writing  poems. 
PO'ET,  one  who  composes  poems. 

PROSOPOPCE'IA,  (prosopon,)  a  figure  by  which  life  and  action 
are  attributed  to  inanimate  objects. 

300.  Pol'emos,  war ;  a  battle. 
POLEM'IC,  controversial ;  disputative. 

301.  Po'leo,  I  sell. 

MONOPOLIZE,  (monos,)  to  engross  or  obtain  the  exclusive  right 
of  selling  anything. 

302.  Pol' is,  a  city ;  a  town.    Politei'a,  the  form  of 

government ;  the  State. 
CONSTANTINOPLE,  the  city  of  Constantine. 
COSMOPOLITE,  (kosmos,)  a  citizen  of  the  world. 
IMPOLITIC,  inexpedient ;  imprudent. 
POLITICS,  the  science  of  government. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  275 

POLICE',  the  government  of  a  city  or  town. 

POL'ICY,  the  art  of  government ;  management  of  affairs. 

POLITE'NESS,  refinement;  good  breeding. 

POLITICAL,  relating  to  politics ;  public. 

303.  Poly,  many. 
POLYG'ENOUS,  (genea,)  of  many  kinds. 
POL'YSYLLABLE,  (labo,)  a  word  of  many  syllables. 
POL'YTHEISM,  (theos,)  the  doctrine  of  a  plurality  of  gods. 

304.  Pom'pC)  a  solemn  procession. 
POMP,  parade ;  splendor. 
POMPOS'ITY,  ostentation ;  boasting. 

305.  Porios,  work ;  labor. 
GEOPON'ICAL,  (ge,)  relating  to  agriculture. 

306.  POT' OS,  a  passage  or  way. 
EMPO'EIUM,  a  city  in  which  commerce  centres. 
POBOS'ITY,  the  state  of  having  pores. 

307.  Por'phyra,  purple. 
PORPHYRIT'IC,  relating  to  porphyry. 
POR'PHYRY,  a  kind  of  hard  stone. 

308.  Pot'amos,  a  river. 

MESOPOTAMIA,  (mesos,)  the  country  between  the  Euphrates 
and  the  Tigris. 

309.  POUS9  pod' OS,  the  foot ;  a  foot. 

ANTIP'ODES,  the  people  who  live  on  the  other  side  of  the 

globe,  whose  feet  are  opposite  ours. 
POL'YPUS,  (poly,)  a  sea  animal  with  many  feet. 
POLYTECH'NIC,  (techne,)  comprising  many  arts. 
TRI' pod,  (tria,)  any  vessel  or  stand  supported  on  three  feet. 

310.  Prak'tos,  done.    Prag'ma,  a  deed. 
PRACTICABLE,  that  may  be  done. 
PRAC'TICAL,  relating  to  practice  or  action. 
PRAGMAT'IC,  meddling ;  officious. 


276  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

311.  Presby'teros,  elder ;  a  priest. 
PRESBYTE'RIAN,  a.  consisting  of  elders ;  n.  one  who  belongs 

to  a  church  governed  by  elders. 
PRES'BYTERY,  a  body  of  elders. 

312.  Pris'ma,  pris'matOS,  that  which  has  been  sawn  ; 

an  optical  glass. 

PRISM,  a  transparent  body  with,  usually,  three  rectangular 
plane  faces  or  sides,  and  two  equal  and  parallel  ends  or  bases. 

313.  Prosetlytos,  a  new  convert. 
PROS'ELYTE,  a  convert  to  a  new  opinion. 

314.  Proso'pon,  a  visage,  a  character,  a  person. 
PROSOPOPCE'IA,  a  figure  of  rhetoric  by  which  things  are  repre- 
sented as  persons,  or  absent  persons  as  present. 

315.  Pro'tos,  first. 

PROTHON'OTARY,  (L.  nota,)  the  chief  notary ;  the  head  regis- 
trar. 

PRO'TOCOL,  (kolla,  glue,)  the  original  copy  of  any  writing. 

PRO'TOTYPE,  (typos,)  the  original  after  which  anything  is 
formed. 

316.  Psal'ma,   a  tune  played  on  a  stringed  instrument. 
PSALM,  a  holy  song. 

PSAL'MODY,  (ode,)  the  practice  of  singing  psalms. 
PSAL'TERY,  a  kind  of  harp. 

317.  Pseu'dos,  falsehood. 
PSEU'DO-APOS'TLE,  (stello,)  a  false  apostle. 
PSEU'DONYM,  (onoma,)  a  false  name. 

318.  Psy'che,  the  breath  of  life ;  the  soul. 
METEMPSYCHO'SIS,  transmigration  of  souls. 
PSY'CHE,  a  nymph  whom  Cupid  married. 

319.  Pto'ma,  a  fall. 

AS'YMPTOTE,  a  line  which   continually  approaches  a  curve 

without  ever  meeting  it. 
SYM'PTOM,  a  sign. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  277 

320.  Pyg'me,  the  fist ;  as  big  as  the  fist. 
PYGME'AN,  small. 

PYG'MY,  a  dwarf. 

321.  Fyr,  fire. 

EMPYRE'AN,  a.  formed  of  pure  fire ;  n.  the  highest  heaven. 
PYR'AMID,  a  solid  figure  standing  on  a  triangular,  square,  or 

polygonal  base,  and  terminating  in  a  point  at  the  top. 
PYEE,  a  funeral  pile. 

PYRI'TES,  fire-stone ;  sulphur  with  iron,  copper,  or  nickel. 
PYROLIG'NEOUS,  (L.  lignum,  wood,)  noting  an  acid  produced 

by  the  distillation  of  wood. 
PYROTECH'NIC,  (techne,)  the  art  of  making  fire- works. 

322.  Rhap'tO,  I  unite ;  I  sew. 

KHAP'SODY,  (ode,)  a  disconnected  series  of  sentences  composed 

under  excitement,  without  natural  connection. 
RHAPSODICAL,  (ode,)  unconnected  ;  rambling. 

323.  Hhe'o,  I  flow;  I  speak.    Hheu'ma,  that  which 

flows. 
CATARRH',  a  discharge  of  fluid  from  the  mucous  membrane, 

especially  of  the  nose,  caused  by  a  cold. 
DIARRHE'A,  a  purging. 

RES'IN,  a  solid  inflammable  substance  of  vegetable  origin. 
RHEUM,  a  thin  watery  matter  secreted  by  the  glands. 
RHEU'MATISM,  a  painful  inflammation  of  the  muscles   and 

joints. 

324.  Hhe'tor,  an  orator. 

RHET'ORIC,  the  art  of  speaking  with  propriety,  elegance,  and 
force ;  the  art  of  composition,  especially  the  art  of  elegant 
and  accurate  composition  in  prose. 

325.  HflOtnfbos,  a  whirling  round  ;  a  rhomb. 

RHOMB,  RHOM'BTJS,  a  quadrangular  figure  whose  sides  are 
equal  and  parallel,  but  the  angles  not  right  angles. 

RHOM'BOID,  (eidos,)  a  quadrilateral  whose  opposite  sides  are 
equal  and  parallel,  but  the  angles  not  right  angles. 
24 


278  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

326.  Ithyth'mos,  measured  movement. 

EHYME,  correspondence  of  sounds  at  the  end  of  verses ;  poetry. 
RHYTHM,  meter ;  flow  and  proportion  of  sounds. 
RHYTH'MICAL,  pertaining  to  rhythm. 

327.  Sarx,  sar'kos,  flesh. 

SAR'CASM,  a  keen  reproach ;  a  biting  expression. 
SARCAS'TIC,  taunting ;  satirical. 

328.  Sche'ma,  a  plan ;  a  design. 
SCHEME,  a  plan  ;  a  contrivance. 
SCHE'MIST,  one  who  forms  schemes. 

329.  Schis'ma,  a  division ;  a  separation. 
SCHISM,  a  division  ;  a  separation  in  a  church. 
SCHISMAT'IC,  tending  to  schism. 

330.  Schol'e,  a  school. 

SCHOL'AR,  one  who  learns ;  a  man  of  learning. 
SCHOLASTICISM,  the  method  of  the  schools. 
SCHO'LIUM,  an  explanatory  note. 
SCHOOL,  a  place  of  education;  a  denomination  or  sect. 

331.  Sele'ne,  the  moon. 

PARASELE'NE,  a  circle  round  the  moon ,  a  mock  moon. 
SEL'ENITE,  crystallized  sulphate  of  lime. 
SELENOGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  the  moon. 

332.  Side'ros,  iron. 

SIDEROGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  or  practice  of  engraving  on 
steel  plates. 

SID'EROSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  instrument  for  detecting  small  por- 
tions of  iron. 

333.  Si'tOS,  corn ;  food. 

PAR'ASITE,  a  flatterer  of  rich  men  ;  a  sycophant. 
PARASIT'ICAL,  growing  on  another  plant. 

334.  Skale'nos,  uneven ;  unequal. 
SCALENE',  having  unequal  sides. 


GREEK  DERIVATIVES.  279 

335.  Skar'iphOS,  a  pointed  instrument. 
SCAKIFICA'TION,  (L.  facio,)  incision  of  the  skin. 
SCAR'IFY,  to  cut  the  skin. 

336.  Ske'ne,  the  stage;  the  appearance  or  representation 

of  places  or  things. 
SCEN'ERY,  the  appearance  of  places  or  objects;  the  painted 

representation  of  places  in  the  theatre. 
SCENOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  perspective. 

337.  Skep'tomai,  I  consider. 

SKEP'TIC,  one  who  doubts  the  truth  of  revelation. 
SKEP'TICISM,  universal  doubt ;  infidelity. 

338.  Skep'tron,  a  staff;  a  rod. 

SCEP'TRE,  the  ensign  of  royalty ;  a  staff  carried  by  kings. 

339.  Ski' a,  a  shadow. 

AMPHIS'CII,  the  inhabitants  of  the  torrid  zone,  whose  shadows 

fall  to  the  north  in  one  part  of  the  year,  and  to  the  south 

the  other. 
ANTIS'CII,  the  people  on  different  sides  of  the  equator,  whose 

shadows  at  noon  project  opposite  ways. 
PERIS'CII,  the  inhabitants  of  the  frigid  zones,  whose  shadows 

move  all  round  in  a  single  day. 

340.  Skletros,  hard. 

SCLEROT'IC,  hard,  firm,  as  the  sclerotic  coat  or  membrane  of 
the  eye,  which  is  the  firm  outer  coat. 

341.  Skop'eo,  I  look  ;  I  observe  narrowly. 
ARCHBISH'OP,  (arche,)  a  chief  bishop ;  a  church  dignitary  of 

the  highest  class. 

BISH'OP,  one  of  the  higher  order  of  the  clergy  who  has  charge 
of  a  diocese. 

EPIS'COPACY,  government  by  bishops. 

HE'LIOSCOPE,  (helios,)  a  sort  of  telescope  for  viewing  the  sun. 

SCOPE,  aim ;  intention ;  room. 

TEI/ESCOPE,  (telos,)  an  instrument  for  viewing  distant  ob- 
jects. 


280  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

342.  Sko'ptO,  I  deride;  I  jeer. 
SCOP'TIC,  scoffing ;  deriding. 

343.  SoKrates,  the  illustrious  founder  of  Greek  philoso- 

phy, born  at  Athens,  470  B.C. 
SOCRAT'IC,  pertaining  to  the  method  of  instruction  adopted 

by  Socrates. 
SOC'RATIST,  a  disciple  of  Socrates. 

344.  Soloi'JtOS,  one  who  speaks  incorrectly. 
SOL'ECISM,  impropriety  in  language ;  literally,  the  dialect  of 

the  Soloi,  a  people  of  Attica,  who  colonized  in  Cilicia,  and 
lost  the  purity  of  their  language. 

346.  Soph' id,  wisdom,  knowledge,  learning. 
SOPHIS'TICAL,  logically  deceitful. 
SOPH'ISTRY,  false  reasoning. 
UNSOPHIS'TICATED,  not  counterfeit ;  pure. 

346.  Spa'o,  I  draw. 

EPISPAS'TIC,  in  medicine  exciting  action  in  the  skin ;  blistering. 
SPASM,  a  convulsion. 
SPASMODIC,  (eidos,)  convulsive. 

347.  Sper'ma,  sper'matos,  seed.    Spor'os,  seed. 
TETRASPERM'OUS,  (tetra,)  having  four  seeds. 
TRISPERM'OUS,  (tria,)  having  three  seeds. 
GYMNOSPERM'OUS,  (gymnos,)  having  the  seeds  naked,  as  the 

pine. 
POLYSPERM'OUS,  (poly,)  having  many  seeds. 

348.  Sphai'ra,  a  sphere  or  globe. 
HEMISPHERE,  half  a  globe  or  sphere. 
PLAN'ISPHERE,  (L.  planus,)  a  sphere  projected  on  a  plane. 
SPHERE,  a  globe  ;  rank. 

SPHER'ICAL,  round ;  globular. 

SPHERICITY,  roundness ;  state  of  being  globular. 

349.  Splen,  spleen ;  ill  humor. 
SPLEEN,  anger ;  spite. 
SPLENET'IC,  fretful ;  peevish. 


'GREEK    DERIVATIVES.  281 

350.  Spondei'os,  a  foot  of  two  long  syllables. 
SPON'DEE,  a  poetic  foot  of  two  long  syllables. 

351.  Stas'is,  a  standing ;  a  weighing. 
APOS'TASY,  departure  from  professed  principles. 
EC'STACY,  excessive  joy;  rapture. 
ECSTAT'ICAL,  rapturous. 

SYS'TEM,  a  combination  of  parts  into  a  whole ;  a  method. 
SYSTEMATIC,  methodical. 

352.  Steg'anos,  concealed,  secret. 
STEGANOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  writing  in  ciphers  or 

secret  characters. 

353.  Stel'lo,  I  send. 

APOS'TLE,  one  sent  to  preach  the  Gospel. 
APOSTOL'IC,  relating  to  an  apostle. 
EPIS'TLE,  a  letter  ;  a  writing  sent. 
PERISTAL'TIC,  spiral ;  worm-like. 

SYS'TOLE,  the  contraction  of  the  heart ;  the  shortening  of  a 
long  syllable. 

354:.  Sterios,  narrow ;  short. 
STENOGRAPHIC,  (grapho,)  relating  to  stenography. 
STENOGRAPHY,  short-hand. 

355.  Ster'eos,  solid  ;  standing  firm. 

STEREOSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  optical  instrument  adapted  to  both 

eyes. 

STEREOT'OMY,  (tomos,)  the  art  of  cutting  solids  into  figures. 
STEREOTYPE,  (typos,)  a  fixed  metal  type ;  a  plate  cast  from  a 

mould  of  a  composed  page. 

356.  Steth'os,  the  breast. 

STETHOSCOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  instrument  for  ascertaining  the 
state  of  the  lungs  by  sound. 

357.  Sti'cTlOS,  a  row ;  a  verse. 
DIS'TICH,  (dis,)  two  poetic  lines  ;  a  couplet. 
HEM'ISTICH,  half  a  verse. 


282  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

358.  Stig'ma,  Stig' mates,  a  brand,  a  mark  of  infamy, 
STIG'MA,  a  mark  of  infamy ;  the  top  of  a  pistil. 
STIG'MATIZE,  to  mark  with  infamy. 

359.  Sto'd,  a  porch  or  portico. 

STO'IC,  a  disciple  of  the  ancient  philosopher  Zeno. 

STO'ICISM,  the  opinions  of  the  Stoics. 

STO'ICAL,  manifesting  indifference  to  pleasure  or  pain. 

360.  Stom'acTlOS,  the  stomach  ;  anger. 
STOM'ACH,  the  principal  organ  of  digestion  ;  appetite. 

361.  Strat'os,  an  army. 

STRAT'AGEM,  (ago,)  an  artifice  in  war ;  a  trick. 
STRATOCRACY,  (kratos,)  a  military  government. 

362.  Stroph'e,  a  turning  round. 

APOS'TROPHE,  a  turning  from  the  persons  present  to  address 
the  absent  or  dead  ;  a  mark  (')  showing  that  a  word  is  con- 
tracted. 

CATAS'TROPHE,  a  final  event ;  a  calamity. 

363.  Sty'los,  a  pillar  or  column. 

STYLE,  manner  of  writing  or  speaking ;  an  instrument  used 

by  the  ancients  for  writing  on  tablets  covered  with  wax. 
STY'LIFORM,  (L.  forma,)  like  a  style  or  pen. 
STY'LOID,  (eidos,)  having  some  resemblance  to  a  style  or  pen. 

364.  Styx9  Styg'os,  a  river  of  Hades,  across  which  Charon 

ferried  departing  souls. 
STYG'IAN,  pertaining  to  the  river  Styx ;  infernal. 

365.  Sy'kon,  fig. 

SYC'AMORE,  (moron,  a  mulberry,)  a  species  of  fig-tree. 
SYC'OPHANT,  (phano,)  a  mean  flatterer ;  a  parasite. 

366.  Sy'lon,  spoil. 

ASY'LUM,  any  place  of  retreat  and  security. 

367.  Tala'nton,  a  talent. 

TAL'ENT,  an  ancient  weight  and  coin  ;  a  natural  gift. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  283 

368.  Taph'os,  a  grave  or  tomb. 

CEN'OTAPH,  (kenos,  empty,)  a  monument  to  one  who  is  buried 

elsewhere. 
EP'ITAPH,  an  inscription  on  a  tomb. 

369.  Tau'tos,  the  same. 

TAUTOL'OGY,  (logos,)  a  repetition  of  words  or  of  meaning. 
TAUTOPH'ONY,  (phone,)  repetition  of  the  same  sound. 

370.  Tax' is,  arrangement.     TaKtOS,  put  in  order. 
SYN'TAX,  that  part  of  grammar  which  treats  of  sentences. 
TACTI'CIAN,  one  skilled  in  tactics. 

TAC'TICS,  the  art  of  arranging  military  or  naval  forces  for 

battle. 
TAX'IDEEMY,  (derma,)  the  art  of  arranging  and  preserving 

animals,  so  as  to  present  their  natural  appearance. 

371.  Tech'ne,  an  art  or  science. 
TECHNICAL,  pertaining  to  the  arts. 
TECH'NICS,  the  doctrine  of  arts  in  general. 

372.  TeKton,  an  artist ;  a  fabricator. 
ARCHITECT'UKE,  (arche,)  the  art  or  science  of  building. 
TECTON'IC,  pertaining  to  building. 

373.  Tel'os,  the  end,  distance. 

TELEG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  science  and  art  of  communicat- 
ing by  telegraphs. 

TELES'TICH,  (stichos,)  a  poem  in  which  the  final  letters  of  the 
lines  make  a  name ;  the  reverse  of  an  acrostic. 

374.  Tet' tares  or  Tes'sares,  (in  comp.,  Tetra,)  four. 
TETRAM'ETER,  (metron,)  a  verse  of  four  measures  or  feet. 
TET'KAGON,  (gonia,)  a  figure  with  four  angles  and  sides. 
TE'TKARCH,  (arche,)  a  Roman  governor  of  the  fourth  part  of 

a  province. 
TES'SELATE,  to  form  into  squares  or  checkered  work. 

375.  Thariatos,  death. 

EUTHANA'SIA  or  EUTEAN'ASY,  (eu,)  an  easy  death. 


284  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 

376.  Thea'tron,  a  theatre. 

AMPHITHE'ATRE,  a  circular  building,  with  seats  rising  one 

above  another  around  an  open  space. 
THE'ATRE,  a  place  where  dramatic  performances  are  exhibited ; 

a  place  of  exhibition. 

377.  The'ke,  a  place  of  deposit ;  a  receptacle. 
APOTH'ECARY,  one  who  compounds  and  sells  medicines. 

378.  Theo'ros,  a  beholder  ;  a  speculator. 
THE'OREM,  a  proposition  to  be  proved  by  a  chain  of  reasoning. 
THEORETICAL,  speculative  ;  not  practical. 

THE'ORIZE,  to  form  theories  ;  to  speculate. 

THE'ORY,  science  as  distinguished  from  art;  speculation. 

379.  The' os,  God ;  a  god. 

APOTHE'OSIS,  a  deification  ;  the  act  of  placing  among  the  gods. 
A'THEISM,  disbelief  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 
ENTHUSIASM,  heat  of  imagination  ;  ardent  zeal. 
THE'ISM,  belief  in  a  God. 

380.  Therapeu'o,  I  nurse ;  I  cure. 
THERAPEU'TICS,  the  application  of  remedies  for  diseases. 

381.  Ther'mos,  warm ;  heated. 
THER'MAL,  pertaining  to  heat ;  warm. 
THERMOMETER,  (metron,)  an  instrument  to  measure  heat. 
THER'MOSOOPE,  (skopeo,)  an  instrument  for  indicating  changes 

of  temperature. 

382.  Thes'is,  a  placing.    Them' a,  the  thing  laid  down. 
ANATH'EMA,  an  ecclesiastical  curse  ;  excommunication. 
ANTITHESIS,  opposition  of  words  or  sentiments ;  contrast. 
EP'ITHET,  an  adjective  denoting  a  quality. 
HYPOTHECATE,  to  pawn  ;  to  pledge. 

HYPOTH'ESIS,  a  supposition  ;  a  system  or  theory  formed  upon 

some  principle  not  proved. 
PAREN'THESIS,  a  member  of  a  sentence  which  interrupts  the 

natural  connection  of  the  words,  but  explains  the  sense. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  285 

PROS'THESIS,  a  figure  by  which  one  or  more  letters  are  at- 
tached to  a  word. 

SYN'THESIS,  the  combination  of  separate  elements  of  thought 
into  a  whole ;  the  opposite  of  analysis. 

THEME,  a  subject ;  a  topic. 

THE'SIS,  a  theme ;  a  proposition  to  be  maintained  by  argument. 

HYPOTHETICAL,  assumed  without  proof  for  the  purpose  of 
reasoning  and  deducing  proof. 

383.  Throrios,  a  throne. 
THRONE,  a  royal  seat. 

384.  Ti'me,  value ;  honor. 

TIMOC'RACY,  (kratos,)  government  by  men  of  property. 

385.  Tom' OS,  a  cutting  ;   a  division. 

ANAT'OMY,  the  act  of  dissecting  the  body ;  the  structure  of 

the  body. 

AT'OM,  an  extremely  small  particle. 
EPIT'OME,  an  abridgment ;  a  compendium. 
.  PHLEBOT'OMY,  (phlebos,  a  vein,)  the  art  of  blood-letting. 
TOME,  a  book ;  a  volume. 
ZOOT'OMY,  (zo'on,)  the  dissecting  of  animal  bodies. 

386.  Tori  OS,  stretching ;  sound. 
ATON'IC,  wanting  tone ;  relaxed. 

ATTUNE,  (L.  prefix  ad,)  to  make  musical ;  to  adjust  one  sound 
to  another. 

BAR'YTONE,  (baros,)  a  male  voice  the  compass  of  which  par- 
takes of  the  common  bass  and  the  tenor,  but  which  does 
not  descend  so  low  as  the  one,  nor  rise  so  high  as  the  other. 

DIATON'IC,  pertaining  to  the  scale  of  eight  tones,  the  eighth 
of  which  is  the  octave  of  the  first. 

SEM'ITONE,  half  a  tone.     . 

TONE,  sound ;  accent.  , 

TON'IC,  a.  increasing  strength ;  n.  a  medicine  which  increases 
strength. 

TUNE,  a  series  of  musical  notes  with  unity  of  key-note,  meas- 
ure, and  sentiment. 


286  A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 

387.  Top' OS,  a  place ;  a  tract  of  country. 
TOP'IC,  a  subject  of  discourse ;  a  general  head. 
TOP'ICALLY,  locally ;  with  reference  to  locality.  • 
TOPOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  description  of  a  particular  place. 

388.  Tox'ikon,  poison. 
INTOX'ICATE,  to  make  drunk ;  to  inebriate. 

389.  Trachei' a,  the  windpipe. 

TRA'CHEAL,  pertaining  to  the  windpipe. 

TRACHEOT'OMY,  (tomos,)  the  operation  of  cutting  the  wind- 
pipe. 

390.  Trago'dia,  tragedy.    Trag'os,  a  goat. 
TRAGE'DIAN,  a  writer  or  actor  of  tragedy. 

391.  Trape&'ion,  a  quadrilateral  with  unequal  sides. 
TBAPE'ZIUM,  a  figure  having  four  sides,  of  which  no  two  are 

parallel. 
TRAP'EZOID,  (eidos,)  a  quadrilateral  having  two  sides  parallel, 

392.  Treis,  tri'a,  three.     See  Latin  roots,  page  212. 
TRI'GON,  (gonia,)  a  figure  having  three  angles  and  sides. 
TRIM'ETER,  (metron,)  a.  consisting  of  three  poetical  measures. 

'  TRI'POD,  (podos,)  any  vessel  supported  on  three  feet. 

393.  Trochai'os,  running. 

TRO'CHEE,  a  poetic  foot  consisting  of  a  long  and  short  syllable. 
TRUCK,  a  kind  of  carriage  with  low  wheels. 
TEOCHA'IC,  pertaining  to  trochees. 

394.  Trop'os,  a  turning ;  a  change. 

TROPE,  a  figure  of  speech  which  changes  a  word  from  its  origi- 
nal meaning  for  the  sake  of  giving  life  to  an  idea. 
TRO'PHY,  a  monument  or  memorial  of  victory. 
TROP'ICAL,  being  within  or  incident  to  the  tropics. 

395.  Ty'phos,  stupor  from  fever. 
TY'PHOID,  (eidos,)  resembling  typhus  fever. 

TY'PHUS,  a  kind  of  fever  accompanied  with  great  debility. 


GREEK   DERIVATIVES.  287 

396.  Ty'pos,  a  type ;  an  emblem. 
AN'TITYPE,  that  which  is  prefigured  by  the  type. 
TYPE,  an  emblem ;  a  sign. 

TYP'ICAL,  figurative;  emblematical. 

TYP'IFY,  to  represent  by  an  emblem  or  an  image. 

TYPOGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  the  art  of  printing. 

397.  Tyra'nnos,  a  tyrant ;  a  despot. 
TYKAN'NICIDE,  (L.  csedo,)  the  act  of  killing  a  tyrant. 
TYR'ANNIZE,  to  act  as  a  tyrant. 

TY'RANT,  an  absolute  monarch ;  a  despotic  ruler. 

398.  Tfr'anos.    See  Ou'ranos. 

URANOG'RAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  the  heavens. 
URANOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  of  the  heavenly  bodies. 

399.  Xy'lon,  wood. 
LITHOX'YLE,  (lithos,)  petrified  wood. 
XYLOGRAPHY,  (grapho,)  engraving  on  wood. 

400.  Ze'los,  zeal ;  ardor. 
ZEAL,  ardor ;  earnestness. 
ZEAL' ous,  ardent ;  eager. 

401.  Ze'phyros,  the  west  wind ;  a  gentle  breeze. 
ZEPH'YR,  the  west  wind ;  a  soft,  gentle  wind. 

402.  Zo'ne,  a  girdle. 

ZONE,  a  division  of  the  earth ;  circuit. 

403.  Zo'on,  an  animal ;  a  living  creature. 

ZO'DIAC,  a  circle  in  the  heavens  extending  8°  each  side  of  the 

ecliptic,  in  which  the  planets  revolve. 
ZOOG'KAPHY,  (grapho,)  a  description  of  animals. 
ZO'OLITE,  (lithos,)  fossil  or  petrified  animal  substance. 
ZOOL'OGY,  (logos,)  the  science  which  treats  of  animals. 


288  A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


REVIEW  OF  GREEK  ROOTS. 

50.  —  1.  Academic.  2.  Ache.  3.  Acropolis.  4.  Aerie.  5.  Alexander. 
6.  Androphagus.  7.  Anemone.  8.  Baroscope.  9.  Basilisk.  10.  Biblio- 
mania. 11.  Biology.  12.  Bucolic.  13.  Debase.  14.  Disaster.  15. 
Emblem.  16.  Eucharist.  17.  Hyperbole.  18.  Hydraulics.  19.  Log- 
arithms. 20.  Misanthropy.  21.  Parallax.  22.  Patriarch.  23.  Pedo- 
baptism.  24.  Polyanthus.  25.  Symbolize. 

100. —  I.  Achromatic.  2.  Anchorite.  3.  Anecdote.  4.  Balsam.  5. 
Cardialgia.  6.  Cenobite.  7.  Christendom.  8.  Cordage.  9.  Anthro- 
pophagi, (phago.)  10.  Deuteronomy.  11.  Dilemma.  12.  Elasticity.  13. 
Entomology.  14.  Georgic.  15.  Hermit.  16.  Idolatry.  17.  Isochronous. 
18.  Melancholy.  19.  Metallurgy.  20.  Orthodox.  21.  Pachydactylous. 
22.  Palindrome.  23.  Pandect.  24.  Surgeon.  25.  Undecagon. 

150.  —  1.  Anachronism.  2.  Anagram.  3.  Anthropophagi.  4.  Aphe- 
lion. 5.  Apogee.  6.  Cathedral.  7.  Catholicism.  8.  Circumgyration. 

9.  Diagonal.     10.  Ephemeral.     11.  Hydra.     12.  Ethics.     13.  Ethnog- 
raphy.    14.  Euphemism.     15.  Gastric.     16.  Energy.     17.  Hemorrhage. 
18.  Hexagon.     19.   Hippopotamus.     20.  Hour.     21.  Hydraulics.     22. 
Hydrostatics.     23.  Ichthyology.     24.  Perigee.     25.  Perihelion. 

200.  —  1.  Antagonist.  2.  Apocalypse.  3.  Aristocrat.  4.  Asteroid. 
5.  Catalepsy.  6.  Conchology.  7.  Conies.  8.  Cosmopolitan.  9.  Cyclo- 
pedia. 10.  Cynic.  11.  Democracy.  12.  Elliptical.  13.  Encomium. 
14.  Epicycle.  15.  Hypercritical.  16.  Hypocrite.  17.  Isosceles.  18. 
Kleptomania.  19.  Apology.  20.  Macrocosm.  21.  Necromancy.  22. 
Pericardium.  23.  Protomartyr.  24.  Pyrolatry.  25.  Tautology. 

250. — 1.  Amnesty.  2.  Amorphous.  3.  Antinomian.  4.  Arsenic. 
5.  Basilica.  6.  Bronchitis.  7.  Catoptrics.  8.  Period.  9.  Diocese.  10. 
Dioptrics.  11.  Economy.  12.  Episode.  13.  Exodus.  14.  Organ.  15. 
Patronymic.  16.  Microphone.  17.  Monogram.  18.  Monk.  19.  Myopy. 
20.  Numismatics.  21.  Ontology.  22.  Parish.  23.  Synonymous.  24. 
Tragedy. 

300. — 1.  Antipathy.  2.  Bipetalous.  3.  Cataplasm.  4.  Diaphanous. 
5.  Disorganize.  6.  Empiric.  7.  Epiphany.  8.  Fancy.  9.  Fantastic. 

10.  Frenzy.     11.  Hydrophobia.      12.  Ichthyophagy.     13.  Metaphysics. 
14.  Ornithology.      15.  Oxide.     16.  Pachydermata.      17.  Parody.     18. 
Pentateuch.     19.  Periosteum.     20.  Periphrase.     21.  Phosphorous.     22. 
Protoplast.      23.  Ehapsody.      24.  Sarcophagus.      25.  Symmetry.     26. 
Varioloid. 


REVIEW    OF    GREEK    ROOTS.  289 

350.  —  1.  Antipodes.  2.  Archbishop.  3.  Catarrh.  4.  Cosmopolitan. 
5.  Episcopacy.  6.  Epispastic.  7.  Geoponical.  8.  Gymnospermous. 
9.  Helioscope.  10.  Impolitic.  11.  Interpolation.  12.  Mesopotamia. 
13.  Metempsychosis.  14.  Metropolitan.  15.  Paraselene.  16.  Parasite. 
17.  Policy.  18.  Pomposity.  19.  Practical.  20.  Pyramid.  21.  Sarcastic. 

22.  Spasm.   23.  Solecism.    24.  Telescope.     25.  Unsophisticated. 

403. — 1.  Anathema.  2.  Apostolic.  3.  Atheism.  4.  Atom.  5.  Catas- 
trophe. 6.  Distich.  7.  Ecstasy.  8.  Epitome.  9.  Euthanasia.  10. 
Hypotenuse.  11.  Hypothecate.  12.  Intoxicate.  13.  Logician.  14. 
Meteorology.  15.  Peripatetic.  16.  Pharmacy.  17.  Stigmatize.  18. 
Stoicism.  19.  Sycophant.  20.  Tactician.  21.  Tetragon.  22.  Trimeter. 

23.  Uranography.     24.  Zoolite.     25.  Zoology. 


LATIN.  Homo  and  Femina.  —  Animus.  Anima.  Mens.  Corpus. 
Caro.  Cutis.  Vena,  a  vein.  Sanguis.  Os.  Caput.  Capillus,  hair. 
Facies.  Frons.  Oculus.  Nasus.  Auris,  the  ear.  Labium,  a  lip. 
Lingua.  Dens.  Guttur,  the  throat.  Jugulum,  the  throat.  Cervix, 
the  neck.  Pectus.  Pulmo.  Dorsum.  Spina,  the  backbone.  Femor, 
the  thigh.  Genu.  Pes.  Planta.  Brachium,  the  arm.  Manus.  Digi- 
tus.  Pugna,  the  fist.  Palma,  the  palm  of  the  hand.  Ruga,  a  wrinkle. 

Pater.  Mater.  Maritus,  a  husband.  Uxor,  a  wife.  Frater.  Soror, 
a  sister.  Filius.  Filia.  Puer.  Puella,  a  little  girl.  Vir.  Kex,  a 
king.  Gubernator.  Amicus. 

GREEK.  Anthropos  and  Gyne.  —  Pneuma.  Phren.  Psyche.  Bios. 
On.  Derma.  Neuron.  Osteon.  Phleps,  phlebos,  a  vein.  Arteria,  an 
artery.  Chole.  Chylos.  Sarx.  Phone.  Kephale.  Kranium,  the 
skull.  Ops,  the  eye,  the  face.  Ophthalmos.  Ous,  otos-,  the  ear. 
Odous.  Cheir.  Daktylos.  Pygme.  Bronchos.  Trachea.  Thorax. 
Stethos.  Pleura.  Pneumon.  Kardia.  Skelos.  Pous.  Nekros. 

Aner.  Papas.  Meter.  Adelphos.  Pais.  Philos.  Basileus.  Bou- 
kolos.  Peirates.  Tyrannos.  Orphanos.  Tekton. 

1.  ayopa.  2.  aKovcj.  3.  ayye/lAw.  4.  avrog.  5.  aorpov.  6.  av"kog. 
7.  paTTTO).  8.  fiapog.  9.  pidhog.  10.  j3ofou.  11.  fiovKohog.  12.  xaPaK-' 
rrjp.  13.  xupeo).  14.  %etp.  15.  xpva°£'  16.  daijuwv.  17.  dig.  18.  8vg. 
19.  eiKuv.  20.  eidutov.  21.  sv.  22.  aidrjp.  23.  e6og.  24.  ervpov.  25. 
ev.  26.  yvj.  27.  7pa0w.  28.  jTuos.  29.  edpa.  30.  87rra.  31.  #.  32. 
liTTrog.  33.  vdcjp.  34.  KCLVCJV.  35.  vietyahr).  36.  KVK^og.  37.  /ie^f.  38. 
7i7]Brj.  39.  hoyog.  40.  /J.a%o/j,ai.  41.  pad?) pa.  42.  (JLEV.  43.  fj-ovog.  44. 
venpog.  45.  vojLLog.  46.  udrj.  47.  eidog.  48.  ovg.  49.  rraTrag.  50. 
tyOeyfta.  51.  TTOIEG).  52.  ^v^?j.  53.  *pEG).  54.  PG^T;.  55. 
56.  ^uKpaTijg.  57.  rerpa.  58.  rpciKs^iov.  59.  ovpavog.  60.  £a) 
25  T 


KEY. 


IT  has  not  been  deemed  advisable  to  insert  in  the  Key  many  simple 
words,  whose  analysis  is  perfectly  obvious ;  thus,  if  anciently  is 
given,  ancient  is  not ;  affable  is  not  inserted,  because  if  affability  con- 
tains ble,  affable,  from  which  it  is  derived,  must  also  contain  it;  if 
choleric  has  not  er,  it  is  equally  absent  from  choler ;  ambition  is  exactly 
the  same  as  ambitious,  except  in  the  suffix.  Every  word  is  given  about 
which  the  slightest  doubt  could  exist,  and  the  greatest  care  has  been 
taken  to  decide  the  difficult  questions  which  constantly  arise. 

"Words  derived  from  Greek  roots  are  indicated  by  (Gr.). 

A  root  commences  with  a  capital ;  a  prefix  or  suffix,  with  a  small  letter. 

Roots  defined  in  the  Key,  are  not  found  in  the  body  of  the  work. 

A  few  words  are  analyzed,  which  are  not  inserted  under  their  roots. 

When  the  orthography  of  the  derivative  differs  materially  from  its  root, 
the  explanation  is  given  in  parenthesis  :  Ex.,  Affiance,  Fido.  (Fr.  Fiance.) 
It  is  not  intended  that  such  explanations  should  be  learned ;  they  are 
inserted  to  show  the  changes  which  words  undergo. 

An  interrogation  mark  indicates  a  doubt. 


Abbreviate,  ab.    Brevis;  ate. 
Abdicate,  ab.    Dico  ;  ate. 
Aberration,  ab.    Erratum;  ion. 
Abject,  ab.    Jactum. 
Able.    Habeo;  ble. 
Ablution,  ab.    Lutum;  ion. 
Abnormal,  ab.    Norma;  al. 
Abolish,  ab.    Oleo;  ish. 
Abolition,  ab.    Olitum;  ion. 
Abound,  ab.     Unda. 
Abrasion,  ab.    Rasum;  ion. 
Abrogate,  ab.    Rogo;  ate. 
Abrupt,  ab.    Ruptum. 
Absent,  abs.    Entis. 
Absolutely,  ab.    Solutum;  ly. 
Absolution,  ab.    Solutum;  ion. 
Absolve,  ab.    Solvo. 
Abstinenoe,  abs.    Tcneo;  ence. 
Abstract,  abs.     Tractum. 
Abstruseness,  abs.     Trusum;  ness. 
Abundance,  ab.     Unda;  ance. 
Abuse,  ab.     Usus. 


Academic,  (Gr.)    Akademia;  ic. 
Accede,  ac.    Cedo. 
Accelerate,  ac.    Celer ;  ate. 
Acceptable,  ac.    Captum ;  able. 
Accessory,  ac.     Cessum;  ory. 
Acclamation,  ac.    Clamatum;  ion. 
Acclivity,  ac.    Clivus ;  ity. 
Accommodate,  ac,  com.    Modus;  ate. 
Accompany,  ac,  com.    Panis. 
Accomplished,  ac,  com.    Pleo;  ish. 
Accordance,  ac.     Cordis;  ance. 
Account,  ac,  con.    Puto. 
Accumulate,  ac.    Cumulus;  ate. 
Accurate,  ac.    Oura;  ate. 
Accusation,  ac.    Causatum;  ion. 
Accuse,  ac.    Causa. 
Accrues,  ac.    Oresco. 
Acephalous,  (Gr.)  a.    Kephale;  ous. 
Acerbity.    Acerbus;  ity. 
Acetic.    Acetum;  ic. 
Acetification.    Acetum,  Factum;  ion. 
Acetose.    Acetum;  ose. 

290 


KEY. 


291 


Ache,  (Gr.)    Acfios. 

Achromatic,  (Gr.)  a.    Chroma;  ic. 

Acidity.    Aceo;  id,  ity. 

Acidulate.    Acidulus';  ate. 

Acknowledge,  ac.  Nosco.  (Some  de- 
rive this  from  the  Saxon.) 

Acoustics,  (Gr.)    Akouo;  ics. 

Acquiesce,  ac.     Quies. 

Acquire,  ac.    Quaero. 

Acquisition,  ac.     Qusesitum;  ion. 

Acrid.    Acris;  id. 

Acrimony.    Acris;  mony. 

Acropolis,  (Gr.)    Akron,' Polis. 

Acrospire,  (Gr.)    Akron,  Sperma. 

Acrostic,  (Gr.)    Akron,  Stichos. 

Active.    Actum;  ive. 

Actual.    Actum;  al. 

Acumen.    Acuo. 

Acute.    Acutum. 

Adamantine,  (Gr.)  a.    Damao;  ant.  inc. 

Adapt,  ad.    Aptus. 

Add,  ad.    Do. 

Addition,  ad.    Datum;  ion. 

Adduce,  ad.    Duco. 

Adequate,  ad.    JEqum  ;  ate. 

Adherence,  ad.    Hasreo  ;  ence. 

Adjacent,  ad.    Jaceo ;  ent. 

Adjective,  ad.    Jactum ;  ive. 

Adjoining,  ad.    Jungo ;  ing. 

Adjunct,  ad.    Junctum. 

Adjust,  ad.    Justus. 

Administer,  ad.    Minister. 

Administration,  ad.    Ministri;  ate,  ion. 

Admirably,  ad.    Minis;  able,  ly. 

Admiration,  ad.    Miratus;  ion. 

Admission,  ad.    Missum;  ion. 

Admit,  ad.    Mitto. 

Admonish,  ad.    Moneo ;  ish. 

Admonition,  ad.    Monitum;  ion. 

Adopt,  ad.    Opto. 

Adoration,  ad.    Oratum;ion. 

Adorn,  ad.    Onto. 

Adulation.    Adulatum;  ion. 

Adult,  ad.     Olitum. 

Adulterate,  ad.    Alter;  ate. 

Advent,  ad.     Ventum. 

Adventitious,  ad.     Ventum;  ous. 

Adverb,  ad.     Verbum. 

Adversary,  ad.     Versum;  ary. 

Adversity,  ad.     Versum;  ity. 

Advert,  ad.     Verto. 

Advertise,  ad.     Vertum;  ise. 

Advice,  ad.     Visum. 

Advocate,  ad.     Voco;  ate. 

Aerial,  (Gr.)    Aer;  al. 

Aerography,  (Gr.)    Aer,  Grapho ;  y. 

Aerolite,  (Gr.)    Aer,  Lithos. 

Aeromancy,  (Gr.)    Aer,  Manteia;  y. 

Aerometer,  (Gr.)    Aer,  Metron. 

Aeronaut,  (Gr.)    Aer,  Nauta. 

Affability,  af.    Fari;  ble,  ity. 

Affectation,  af.    Factum;  ion. 

Affection,  af.    Factum;  ion. 

Affiance,  af.    Pido.    (Fr.  Fiance.) 

Affiliation,  af.    Filius;  ate,  ion. 

Affinity,  af.    Finis;  ity. 

Affirm,  af.    Firmus. 

Affirmation,  af.  Firmus;  ion.  (Affir- 
matio.) 

Affliction,  af.    Flictum;  ion. 


Affluence,  af.    Fluo;  ence. 
Agent.    Ago;  ent. 
Aggrandize,  ag.    Grandis;  ize. 
Aggravation,  ag.    Grams;  ate,  ion. 
Agile.    Agiiis  (irom  Ago) ;  He,. 
Agility.    Agilis  (from  Ago);  He,  ity. 
Agitation.    Agito;  ate,  ion. 
Agony,  (Gr.)    Agon;  y. 
Agrarianism.    Agri;  an,  ism. 
Agree,  a.     Gratia. 
Agriculture.    Agri,  Cultum;  ure. 
Alchemist,  (Gr.)  al.    Chymos;  ist. 
Alchemy,  (Gr.)  al.    Chymos;  y. 
Alienation.    Alienus;  ate,  ion. 
Alien.    Alienus. 
Aliment.    AHtum;  ment. 
Aliquot.    Alius,  Quot. 
Allegation,  al.    Legatum;  ion. 
Allegiance,  al.    Ligo;  once. 
Allegory,  (Gr.)    Allos,  Agora;  y. 
Alleviate,  al.    Levis;  ate. 
Alliance,  al.    Ligo;  ance. 
Allude,  al.    Ludo. 
Allusion,  al.    Lusum;  ion. 
Alphabetically,  (Gr.)  Alpha,  Beta;  ical,  ly. 
Altercation.    Alter;  ion.    (L.  Altercatio.) 
Alternation.    Alternus;  ate,  ion. 
Altitude.    Alii;  tude. 
Amalgamate,    (Gr.)       Ama,    together. 

Gameo ;  ate,  or  Malagma,  a  poultice. 
Amanuensis,  a.    Manus. 
Ambidexter,  ambo.    Dexter. 
Ambient,  amb.    Itum ;  ent. 
Ambiguity,  ambi.    Ago;  ity. 
Ambition,  amb.    Itum;  ion. 
Ameliorate,  a.    Melior ;  ate. 
Amendment,  a.    Menda;  mcnt. 
Amiable. .  Amo ;  able. 
Amicable.    Amicus;  able. 
Amity.    Amo;  ity. 
Ammunition,  am.    Munition;  ion. 
Amnesty,  (Gr.)  a.    Mneo;  ty. 
Amorphous,  (Gr.)  a.    Morphe;  ous. 
Amphibious,  (Gr.)  amphi.    Bios;  ous. 
Amphiscii,  (Gr.)  amphi.    Skia. 
Amphitheatre,  (Gr.)  amphi.     Theatron. 
Amplification.  Amplus,  Factum;  ion. 
Amplify.    Amplus ;  fy. 
Amplitude.    Amplus;  tude. 
Amply.    Amplus;  ly. 
Amputation,  am.    Puto;  ale,  ion. 
Amputate,  am.    Puto;  ate. 
Anabaptist,  (Gr.)  ana.    Bapto;  ist. 
Anachronism,  (Gr.)  ana.    Chronos;  ism. 
Anagram,  (Gr.)  ana.    Gramma. 
Analogy,  (Gr.)  ana.    Logos;  y. 
Analysis,  (Gr.)  ana.    Lysis. 
Analytical,  (Gr.)  ana.    Lytikos;  ical. 
Anarchy,  (Gr.)  ana.    Arche;  y. 
Anathema,  (Gr.)  ana.    Thema. 
Anatomy,  (Gr.)  ana.    Tomos;  y. 
Ancestor,  ante.    Cessum  ;  or. 
Anchorite,  (Gr.)  ana.    Choreo;  ite. 
Anciently.    Antiquus;  ent,  ly. 
Androphagus,  (Gr.)    Andros,  Phago. 
Anecdote,  (Gr.)  an.  ec.    Dotos. 
Anemography,  (Gr.)  Anemos,  Grapho;  y 
Anemometer,  (Gr.)    Anemos,  Metron. 
Anemone,  (Gr.)    Anemos. 
Angel,  (Gr.)    Angello. 


292 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Anger.    Ango. 

Angle.    Angulus. 

Anguish.    Ango. 

Angular.    Angulus;  ar. 

Animadversion.  Animus;  ad.  Versum; 
ion. 

Animadvert.    Animus;  ad.     Verto. 

Animalcule.    Anima;  al,  cule. 

Animation.    Anima;  ate,  ion. 

Animosity.    Animus;  ity. 

Annals.    Annus;  al. 

Annexation,  an.    Nexum  ;  ion. 

Annihilation,  an.    Nihil;  ate,  ion. 

Anniversary.    Annus,  Versum;  ary. 

Anno  Domini.    Annus,  Dominus. 

Anno  Mundi.    Annus,  Mundus. 

Announce,  an.     Nuncio.  • 

Annual.    Annus;  al. 

Annuity.    Annus;  ity. 

Annular.    Annulus;  ar. 

Anoint,  an.     Unctum. 

Anomalous,  (Gr.)  an.    Omalos;  ous. 

Anomaly.  (Gr.)  an.    Omalos;  y. 

Anonymous,  (Gr.)  an.    Onyma;  ous. 

Antagonist,  (Gr.)  ant.    Agon;  ist. 

Antarctic,  (Gr.)  ant.    Arktos;  ic. 

Antecedent,  ante.    Cedo;  ent. 

Antediluvian,  ante.    Diluvium;  an. 

Antepenultimate,  ante.  Pene,  Ultimus; 
ate, 

Anther,  (Gr.)    Anthos. 

Anthology,  (Gr.)    Anthos,  Logos;  y. 

Anthropology,  (Gr.)  Antfiropos,  Lo- 
gos; y. 

Anthropophagi,  (Gr.)  Anthropos,  Phago. 

Antichrist,  (Gr.)  anti.    Christos. 

Anticipation,  anti.    Capio;  ate,  ion. 

Antidote.  (Gr.)  anti.    Dotos. 

Antinomy,  (Gr.)  anti.    Nomos  ;  y. 

Antinomian,  (Gr.)  anti.    Nomos;  ian. 

Antipathy,  (Gr.)  anti.    Pathos;  y. 

Antiphlogistic,  (Gr.)  anti.    Phlegma;  ic. 

Antipodes,  (Gr.)  anti.    Podos. 

Antiquary.    Antiquus;  ary. 

Antiquate.    Antiquus;  ate. 

Antique.    Antiquus. 

Antiscii,  (Gr.)  anti.    Skia. 

Antithesis,  (Gr.)  anti.     Thesis. 

Anxiety.    Anxi;  ety. 

Apathy,  (Gr.)  a.    Pathos;  y. 

Aperture.    Apertum;  ure. 

Apetalous,  (Gr.)  a.    Petalon;  ous. 

Aphelion,  (Gr.)  ap.    Helios. 

Apheresis,  (Gr.)  ap.    Hairens. 

Aphorism,  (Gr.)  ap.    Horos;  ism. 

Apocalypse,  (Gr.)  apo.    Kalypto. 

Apocope,  (Gr.)  apo.    Kope. 

Apocrypha,  (Gr.)  apo.    Krypto. 

Apocryphal,  (Gr.)  apo.    Krypto;  al. 

Apogee,  (Gr.)  apo.    Ge. 

Apologue,  (Gr.),  apo.    Logos. 

Apology,  (Gr.)  apo.    Logos;  y. 

Apostasy,  (Gr.)  apo.    Stasis;  y. 

Apostle,  (Gr.)  apo.    SteUo. 

Apostolic,  (Gr.)  apo.    Stello ;  ic. 

Apostrophe,  (Gr.)  apo.    Strophe. 

Apothecary,  (Gr.)  apo.     Theke;  ary. 

Apothegm,  or  Apophthegm,  (Gr.)  apo. 
Phthegma. 

Apotheosis,  (Gr.)  apo.     Theos. 


Apothesis,  (Gr.)  apo.    Thesis. 

Apparatus,  ap.    Paratum. 

Apparel,  ap.    Paro. 

Apparent,  ap.    Pareo  ;  ent. 

Apparition,  ap.    Paritum;  ion. 

Appeal,  ap.    Pello. 

Appearance,  ap.    Pareo;  ance. 

Appease,  ap.    Pads. 

Appendix,  ap.    Pendeo. 

Appetite,  ap.    Petitum. 

Applaud,  ap.    Pla-udo. 

Application,  ap.    Plicatum;  ion. 

Apply,  ap.    Plico. 

Appreciate,  ap.    Predum;  ate. 

Apprehend,  ap.    Prehendo. 

Apprise,  ap.    Prehensum.    (Fr.  Prise.) 

Approach.ap.  Proximus.  (Fr.Approcher.) 

Approbation,  ap.    Probatum ;  ion. 

Appropriate,  ap.    Proprius ;  ate. 

Approve,  ap.    Probo. 

Approximate;^.    Proximus;  ate, 

Aptitude.    Aptus;  tude. 

Aquarium.    Aqua 

Aquatic.    Aqua;  ic. 

Aqueduct.    Aqua,  Ductum. 

Aqueous.    Aqua;  ous. 

Arable.    Aro;  able. 

Arbitrament.    Arbitri;  ment. 

Arbitrary.    Arbitri;  ary. 

Arbitration.    Arbitri;  ate,  ion. 

Arbitrator.    Arbitri;  ate,  or. 

Arboriculture.    Arbor.  Outturn;  ure. 

Archaeology,  (Gr.)    Arche,  Logos;  y. 

Archaism,  (Gr.)    Arche;  ism. 

Archangel,  (Gr.)    Arche,  Angello. 

Archbishop,  (Gr.)    Arche;  epi.    Skopeo. 

Archetype,  (Gr.)    Arche,  Typos. 

Architecture,  (Gr.)    Arche,  Tekton;  ure. 

Archives,  (Gr.)    Arche. 

Arctic,  (Gr.)    Arktos;  ic. 

Ardent.    Ardeo;  ent. 

Ardor.    Ardeo ;  or. 

Arduous.    Arduus;  ous. 

Argentiferous.    Argentum,  Fero;  ous. 

Argue.    Arguo. 

Argument.    Arguo;  ment. 

Argumentative.    Arguo  ;  ment,  ive. 

Aristocracy,  (Gr.)    Aristos,  Kratos;  y. 

Aristocrat,  (Gr.)    Aristos,  Kratos. 

Arithmancy,  (Gr.)  Arithmos,  Manteia;  y. 

Arithmetic*  (Gr.)    Arithmos;  ic. 

Arm.    Arma. 

Armada.    Arma. 

Armament.    Arma;  ment. 

Armistice.    Arma,  Sto  ;  ice. 

Armor.    Arma;  or. 

Armorer.    Arma ;  or,  er. 

Armory.    Arma;  ory. 

Army.    Arma;  y. 

Aroma,  (Gr.)    Aroma. 

Aromatics,  (Gr).    Aromata;  ics. 

Arrest,  ar,  re.    Sto. 

Arrive,  ar.    Ritnis. 

Arrogant,  ar.    Rogo  ;  ant. 

Arrogate,  ar.    Rogo;  ate. 

Arsenic,  (Gr.)    Arsen,  strong,  Nike. 

Arson.    Arsum. 

Art.    Artis. 

Article.    Articulus. 

Articulation.    Articulus;  ate,  ion. 


KEY. 


293 


Artificer.    Arils,  Facio;  er. 
Artificial.    Artis,  Facio;  al. 
Artisan.    Artis;  an. 
Artless.    Artis;  less. 
Ascertain,  as.    Certus. 
Asperity.    Asper;  ity. 
Aspersion,  a  lor  ad.    Sparsum;  ion. 
Aspirant,  a.    Spiro;  ant. 
Aspiration,  a.    Spiro ;  ate,  ion. 
Assailant,  as.    Salio ;  ant. 
Assault,  as.    Saltum. 
Assenting,  as.    Sentio;  ing. 
Assertor,  as.    Sertum  ;  or. 
Assessor,  as.    Sessum;  or. 
Asseveration,  as.    Severus;  ate,  ion. 
Assiduous,  as.    Sedeo;  ous. 
Assimilate,  as.    Similis ;  ate. 
Associate,  as.    Socius;  ate. 
Association,  as.    Socius  ;  ate,  ion. 
Assuage,  as.    Suavis.  • 
Assumption,  as.    Sumptum ;  ion. 
Asterisk,  (Gr.)    Astron;  isk. 
Asteroid,  (Gr.)    Astron,  Eidos. 
Asteroidal.  (Gr.)    Astron,  Eidos;  al. 
Astral,  (Gr.)    Astron;  al. 
Astringent,  a.    Stringo  ;  ent. 
Astrologer,  (Gr.)    Astron,  Logos;  er. 
Astronomy,  (Gr.)    Astron,  Nomos ;  y. 
Asymptote,  (Gr.)  a,  sym.    Ptoma. 
Atheism,  (Gr.)  a.     Theos;  ism. 
Athletic,  (Gr.)    Athlos;  ic. 
Atmospheric,  (Gr.)    Atmos,  Sphaira;  ic. 
Atom,  (Gr.)  a.     Tomos. 
Atonic,  (Gr.)  a.     Tonos. 
Atrocity.    Atrocis;  ity. 
Attain,  at.     Tango.    (Fr.  Atteindre.) 
Attempt,  at.     Tento. 
Attendant,  at.     Tendo;  ant. 
Attention,  at.     Tentum;  ion. 
Attentive,  at.     Tentum;  ive. 
Attenuate,  at.     Tennis;  ate. 
Attest,  at.     Testis. 
Attractive,  at.     Tractum ;  ive. 
Attribute,  at.    Tributum. 
Attune,  (Gr.)  at.     Tonos. 
Auctioneer.    Auctum  ;  ion,  eer. 
Audacious.    Audeo;  acious. 
Audible.    Audio;  Ue. 
Audience.    Audio;  ence. 
Audit.    Auditum. 
Auditory.    Auditum;  ory. 
Augment.    Augeo  ;  men?. 
Augur.    Augur. 
Augury.    Augur;  y. 
Auriferous.    Aurum,  Fero;  ous. 
Auspices.    Avis,  Specio. 
Auspicious.    Avis,  Specio;  ous. 
Authentic,  (Gr.)    Authenteo ;  ic. 
Authenticity,  (Gr.)    Authenteo ;  ic,  ity. 
Author.    Augeo;  or. 
Authority.    Augeo  ;  or,  ity. 
Autobiography,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Bios,  Gra- 

pho;  y. 

Autograph,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Grapho. 
Automatical,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Matos;  ical. 
Automaton,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Maton. 
Autonomous,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Nomos;   ous. 
Autonomy,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Nomos ;  y. 
Autopsy,  (Gr.)    Autos,  Opsis;  y. 
Auxiliary.    Auxilium;  ary. 

25* 


Available,  a.     Valeo  ;  able. 
Avenue,  a.     Venio. 
Aversion,  a.     Versum;  ion. 
Avert,  a  for  ab.     Verto. 
Aviary.    Avis;  ary. 
Avocation,  a.     Vocatum  ;  ion. 
Avowal,  a.     Voveo;  al. 
Av9w,  a.     Voveo. 
Axiom,  (Gr.)    Axioma. 

Balmy,  (Gr.)    Balsamon;  y. 

Balsam,  (Gr.)    Balsamon. 

Bankrupt.    Abacus,  a  bench.    Ruptum. 

Baptist,  (Gr.)    Bapto  ;  ist. 

Baptize,  (Gr.)    Bapto  ;  ize. 

Barbarous.    Barbarus;  ous. 

Barometer,  (Gr.)    Baros.  Metron. 

Baroscope,  (Gr.)    Baros,  Skopeo. 

Barytone,  (Gr.)    Baros,  Tonos. 

Base,  (Gr.)    Basis. 

Basilica,  (Gr.)    Basileus. 

Basilicon,  (Gr.)    Basileus. 

Basilisk,  (Gr.)    Basileus;  isk. 

Beatific.    Beatus,  Facio. 

Beatitude.    Beatus;  tude. 

Belligerent.    Bellum,  Gcro;  ent. 

Benediction.    Bene,  Dictum;  ion. 

Benefaction.    Bene,  Factum;  ion. 

Benefice.    Bene,  Facio. 

Beneficence.    Bene,  Facio;  ence. 

Beneficial.    Bene,  Facio;  al. 

Benefit.    Bene,  Facio. 

Benevolence.    Bene,  Volo ;  ence. 

Benignity.    Bcnignus;  ity. 

Bible,  (Gr.)    Biblos. 

Bibliographer,  (Gr.)  Biblos,  Grapho ;  er. 

Bibliomania,  (Gr.)    Biblos.  Mania. 

Bibliopolist,  (Gr.)    Biblos,  'Poleo  ;  ist. 

Bibliothecal,  (Gr.)    Biblos,  Theke;  al. 

Biennial.    Bis,  Annas ;  al. 

Bigamist,  (Gr.)    L.  Bis.     Gameo;  ist. 

Bigamy,  (Gr.)    L.  Bis.     Gameo;  y. 

Biography,  (Gr.)    Bios,  Grapho;  y. 

Biped.    Bis,  Pedis. 

Bipetalous,  (Gr.)    L.  Bis.    Petalon;  ous. 

Biscuit.    Bis.    (Fr.  Cuit,  baked.) 

Bisect.    Bis,  Sectum. 

Bishop,  (Gr.)  epi.    Skopeo. 

Blasphemy,  (Gr.)    Blapto,  Phano  ;  y. 

Boil.    Eulla. 

Botanical,  (Gr.)    Botane;  ical. 

Botanology,  (Gr.)    Botane,  Logos ;  y. 

Botany,  (Gr.)    Botane  ;  y. 

Bounty.    Bonus;  ty. 

Brevity.    Brevis;  ity. 

Brief.    Brevis. 

Bronchial  (Gr.)    Bronchos;  al. 

Bronchocele,  (Gr.)    Bronchos,  Kde. 

Bronchotomy,  (Gr.)  Bronchos,  Tomos;  y. 

Bucolic,  (Gr.)    Boukolos;  ic. 

Cachexy,  (Gr.)    Kakos,  Hexis,  state  of 

mind  or  body ;  y. 

Cacophony,  (Gr.)    Kakos,  Phone;  y. 
Cadence.    Cado;  ence. 
Calamitous.     Calamitas;  ous. 
Calamity.     Calamitas;  ity. 
Calculate.    Calculus;  ate. 
Caligraphy,  (Gr.)    Kalos,  Grapho;  y. 
Caloric.    Color;  ic. 


294 


A    MANUAL    OF    ETYMOLOGY. 


Calumny.    Calumnia;  y. 

Candidate.     Candeo ;  id,  ate. 

Candor.     Candeo;  or. 

Canine.    Canis ;  ine. 

Canon,  (Gr.)    Kanon. 

Canonical,  (Gr.)    Kanon;  ical. 

Canonize,  (Gr.)    Kanon :  ize. 

Canticle.    Canto;  cle. 

Capacious.    Capio;  adous. 

Capacity.    Capio;  ity;   (state  of  being 

capacious.) 

Capacitate.     Capio;  ity,  ate. 
Capital.     Capitis;  al. 
Capitol.   Caput.    (Capitol,  a  building  in 

ancient  Rome  where  the  Senate  met.) 
Capitation.    Capitis ;  ate,  ion. 
Capitulate.    Capitulum;  ate. 
Captain.    Caput.    (Old  Fr.  Capitain.) 
Captious.    Capium;  ous. 
Captivate.    Captum  ;  ive,  ate. 
Carcass.    Caro.    L.  Capsa,  chest. 
Career.    Curro.    (Fr.  Carriere.) 
Caress.    Cams. 
Carnival.    Carnis,  Vale. 
Carnivorous.    Oarnu,  Voro;  ous. 
Castigate.    Castigo;  ate. 
Castigation.    Castigo;  ate,  ion. 
Casualty.    Casum ;  al,  ty. 
Catalepsy,  (Gr.)  kata.    Lepsis;  y. 
Catalogue,  (Gr.)  kata.    Logos. 
Cataplasm,  (Gr.)  kata.    Plasso. 
Catarrh,  (Gr.)  kata.    Rheo. 
Catastrophe,  (Gr.)  kata.    Strophe. 
Catechise,  (Gr.)  kata.    Echco;  ise. 
Catechism,  (Gr.)  kata.    Ec/ieo;  ism. 
Catechumen,  (Gr.)  kata.    Echeo. 
Category,  (Gr.)  kata.    Agora;  y. 
Cathedral,  (Gr.)  kata.    Hedra. 
Catholic,  (Gr.)  kata.    Holos;  ic. 
Catholicism,  (Gr.)  kata.    Holos;  ic,  ism. 
Catoptrics,  (Gr.)  kata.    Optomai;  ics. 
Cause.    Causa. 
Caustic,  (Gr.)    Kaustikos. 
Cauterize,  (Gr.)    Kaustikos;  ize. 
Caution.    Cautum ;  ion. 
Cavern.    Caverna. 
Cavil.    CavUla. 
Ceaseless.    Cessum;  less. 
Celebration.    Celebris;  ate,  ion. 
Celebrity.    Celebris;  ity. 
Celerity.    Oder;  ity. 
Celestial.    Ccelestis;  al. 
Cellar.     Cella. 
Cenobite, (Gr.)  Koinos, common.    Bios; 

ite. 

Cenotaph,  (Gr.)    Kenos,  empty.    Taphos. 
Censor.     Censeo;  or. 
Censorious.    Censeo ;  or,  ous. 
Censurable.    Censeo ;  ure,  able. 
Census.    Censeo. 
Century.     Centum;  ry. 
Centenarian.    Centum,  Annus;  ian. 
Centennial.    Centum.  Annus;  al. 
Center,  (Gr.)    Kentron. 
Centigrade.     Centum,  Gradior. 
Centipede.    Centum,  Pedis. 
Centrifugal.   Centrum,  the  centre,  or  Gr. 

Kentron,  Fugio;  al. 

Centripetal.    Centrum,  the  centre,  or  Gr. 
Kentron,  Peto;  al. 


Centurion.     Centum. 

Cephalalgy,  (Gr.)    Kephale,  Algos;  y. 

Ceremonial.     Ceremonia;  al. 

Ceremonious.    Ceremonia;  ous 

Ceremony.    Ceremonia;  y. 

Certain.    Certus. 

Certificate.    Certus,  Facio;  ate. 

Certify.    Certus;  fy. 

Cessation.    Cessatum;  ion. 

Cession.    Cessum;  ion. 

Chant.    Canto. 

Chaotic,  (Gr.)    Chaos ;  ic. 

Characterize,  (Gr.)    Charakter ;  ize. 

Charity,  (Gr.)    Charts;  ity. 

Charm.    Canto. 

Charnel.    Carnis. 

Chart.    Charta. 

Charter.    Charta. 

Chemical,  (Gr.)    Chymos;  ical. 

Chemistry,  (Gr.)    Chymos;  ist,ry. 

Cherish.    Carus;  ish.    (Fr.  Cher,  dear.) 

Chim  erical ,  ( G  r . )    Chimaira ;  ical. 

Chirography,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Grapho;  y. 

Chirology,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Logos;  y. 

Chiromancy,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Manteia;  y. 

Chirurgeon,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Ergon. 

Cholera,  (Gr.)    Chole. 

Choleric,  (Gr.)    Chole;  ic. 

Chord,  (Gr.)    Chorde. 

Chrism,  (Gr.)     Christos. 

Christ,  (Gr.)    Christos. 

Christendom,  (Gr.)    Christos;  dom. 

Christmas,(Gr.)  Christos, Mssssa,a.  feast.(?) 

Chromatic,  (Gr.)    Chroma;  ic. 

Chronic,  (Gr.)    Chronos  ;  ic. 

Chronology,  (Gr.)    Chronos,  Logos;  y. 

Chronometer,  (Gr.)    Chronos,  Metron. 

Chrysalis,  (Gr.)    Chrysos. 

Chrysanthemum,  (Gr.)    Chrysos,  Anthos. 

Chrysolite,  (Gr.)    Chrysos,  Lithos. 

Chrysology,  (Gr.)    Chrysos,  Logos;  y. 

Chyle,  (Gr.)    Chylos. 

Chylification,  (Gr.)   Chylos,  Factum;  ion. 

Cinerary.     Cineris;  ary. 

Circuitous,    circum,  Hum,',  ous. 

Circulate.    Circulus;  ate. 

Circumgy  ration,  (Gr.)  circum.  Gyros;  ate, 

ion. 

Circumjacent,  circum.    Jaceo,  ent. 
Circumlocution,  circum.    Locutus;  ion. 
Circumnavigation,  circum.  Navis,  Ago; 

ate,  ion. 

Circumscribe,  circum.    Scribo. 
Circumstance,  circum.    Sto  ;  ance. 
Circumvallation  .circum.  Vallum;  ate.ion 
Circumvent,  circum.     Ventum. 
Citation.    Citatum;  ion. 
Cite.    Cito. 
Citizen.    Civis. 
Civic.    Civis;  ic 
Civilian.    Civis  ;  He,  ian. 
Civilization.    Civis;  He,  ize,  ion. 
Claimant.    Clamo;  ant. 
Clamorous.    Clamo ;  or,  ous. 
Clandestinely.    Clandestinus ;  ly. 
Clarify.     Clarus  ;  fy. 
Clarion.    Clarus. 
Classical.    Classis;  ical. 
Classification.    Classis,  Factum;  ion. 
Classify.    Classis;  fy. 


KEY. 


295 


Clause,    dausum. 
Clemency.    Clemens;  ency. 
Clepsydra,  (Or.)    Klepto,  Hyflor. 
Clinical.    Clino  ;  ical. 
Cloister,    dausum;  er. 
Coagulation,  co.    Ago;  ate.  ion. 
Coalesce,  co.    Alo.    (Alesco,  I  grow  tip.) 
Coalition,  co.    Alitum ;  ion. 
Code.    Codex. 
Codicil.    Codicis. 

Coercion,  co.    Arceo  or  Erceo  ;  ion. 
Coeval,  co.  JEvum ;  al. 
Cogent, co.    Ago:  ent. 
Cogitate,  co.    Agito  ;  ate. 
Coincide,  co,  in.    Cado. 
Coincidence,  co,  in.    Cado;  ence. 
Collapse,  col.    Lapsus. 
Collateral,  col.    Latcris ;  al. 
Colleague,  col.    Lego. 
Collect,  col.    Lectum. 
Colloquy,  col.    Loquor ;  y. 
Colony.     Colonus;  y. 
Colonist.    Colonus;  ist. 
Color.     Color. 
Combine,  com.    Bini. 
Comedy,  (Gr.)    Komos,  Ode;  y. 
Comfort,  com.    Fortis. 
Comic,  (Gr.)    Komos;  ic. 
Comity.    Comis ;  ity. 
Command,  com.    Mando. 
Commemorate,  com.    Memor;  ate. 
Commendable,  com.    Mando;  able. 
Commerce,  com.    Mercor. 
Commiserate,  com.    Miser  ;  ate. 
Commissary,  com.    Missum ;  ary. 
Committee,  com.    Mitto;  ee. 
Commodious,  com.    Modus;  ous. 
Commodity,  com.    Modus;  ity. 
Common,  com.    Munus. 
Commotion,  com.    Motum;  ion. 
Communicative,  com.    Munus;  ate,  ive. 
Community,  com.    Munus;  ity. 
Commute,  com.    Muto. 
Compact,  com.    Pactus. 
Company,  com.    Panis;  y. 
Compare,  com.    Par. 
Compassionate,  com.    Passus  ;  ion.  ate. 
Compatible,  com.    Patior  ;  Me. 
Compatriot,  com.    Patria. 
Compel,  com.    Pello. 
Compendious,  com.    Pendo;  ous. 
Compensate,  com.    Pensum;  ate. 
Competent,  com.    Peto  ;  ent. 
Competition,  com.    Petitum;  ion. 
Compile,  com.    Pilo. 
Complacence,  com.    Placeo;  ence. 
Complainant,  com.    Plango ;  ant. 
Complement,  com.    Pleo;  ment. 
Completely,  com.    Pletum ;  ly. 
Complexion,  com.    Plexum  ;  ion. 
Complicate,  com.    Plico;  ate. 
Compliment,  com.    Pleo;  ment. 
Composure,  com.    Positum ;  ure. 
Compotator.com.    Potatum  ;  or. 
Comprehend,  com.    Prehendo. 
Comprehension,  com.    Prehensum ;  ion. 
Compressible,  com.    Pressum;  ible. 
Comprise,  com.    Prehendo.   (Fr.  Prise.) 
Compromise,  com,  pro.    Missum. 
Compulsory,  com.    Pulsum;  ory. 


Compunction.com.    Punctum;  ion. 
Concealment,  con.    Celo ;  ment. 
Concede,  con.    Cedo. 
Conceive,  con.    Capio. 
Concentrate,  (Gr.)  con.    Kcntron;  ate. 
Concentric,  (Gr.)  con.    Kentron;  ic. 
Conception,  con.    Captum;  ion. 
Concern,  con.    Cerno. 
Concert,  con.    Certo. 
Conciliation.    Concilium;  ate,  ion. 
Conciliatory.    Concilium ;  ate,  ory. 
Concise,  con.    Csesum. 
Conclude,  con.    Cludo. 
Conclusive,  con.    Clusum  ;  ive. 
Concoct,  con.    Coctum. 
Concomitant,  con.    Comitis;  ant. 
Concordance,  con.     Cordis;  ance. 
Concourse,  con.    Cur  sum. 
Concurrence,  con.    Curro ;  ence. 
Concussion,  con.    Cussum;  ion. 
Condemn,  con.    Damnum. 
Condensation,  con.    Densus ;  ion. 
Condense,  con.    Densus. 
Condescend,  con,  de.    Scando. 
Condign,  con.    Dignus. 
Condition,  con.    Do  ;  ion. 
Condole,  con.    Doleo. 
Conduce,  con.    Duco. 
Conduct,  con.    Ductum. 
Conduit,  con.    Ductum. 
Confederacy,  con.    Fwderis;  acy. 
Confederate,  con.    Fosderis;  ate. 
Conference,  con.    Fero;  ence. 
Confess,  con.    Fessum. 
Confidence,  con.    Fido ;  ence. 
Confidential,  con.    Fido;  ent,  al. 
Confinement,  con.    Finis;  ment. 
Confirmation,  con.    Firmus ;  ion. 
Confiscate,  con.    Fiscus;  ate. 
Confiscation,  con.    Fiscus;  ate,  ion. 
Conflagration,  con.    Flagratum  ;  ion. 
Conflict,  con.    Flictum. 
Confluence,  con.    Ffuo;  ence. 
Conformity,  con.    Forma;  ity. 
Confound,  con.    Fundo. 
Confront,  con.    Frontis. 
Confusion,  con.    Fusum;  ion. 
Confutation,  con.    Futatum;  ion. 
Congeal,  con.    Gelo. 
Congenial,  con.    Genus;  al. 
Congratulate,  con.    Gratus;  ate. 
Congregation,  con.    Gregis;  ate,  ion. 
Congress,  con.    Gressus. 
Conic,  (Gr.)    Konos;  ic. 
Conjecture,  con.    Jactum;  ure. 
Conjugal,  con.    Jugum;  al. 
Conjuncture,  con.    Junctum;  ion. 
Conjure,  con.    Juro. 
Connection,  con.    Necto ;  ion. 
Conoid,  (Gr.)    Konos,  Eidos. 
Conqueror,  con.     Qutero  ;  or. 
Conquest,  con.     Quaesitum. 
Consanguinity,  con.    Sanguinis;  ity. 
Conscience,  con.    Scio;  ence. 
Conscientious,  con.    Scientia;  ous. 
Consciousness,  con.    Scio  ;  ous,  ness 
Conscription,  con.    Scriptum;  ion. 
Consecrate,  con.    Sacer;  ate. 
Consecutive,  con.    Secutus;  ive. 
Consequence,  con.    Sequor;  ence. 


296 


A    MANUAL    OF    ETYMOLOGY. 


Consideration,  con.    Sedeo;ion.    (Some 

derive  it  from  Sidus.  a  star.) 
Console,  con.    Solor. 
Consolidate,  con.    Solidus;  ate. 
Consonant,  con.    Sonus;  ant. 
Consort,  con.    Sortis. 
Conspicuous,  con.    Specio;  ous. 
Conspiracy,  con.    Spiro ;  acy. 
Constant,  con.    Sto;  ant. 
Constellatipn,  con.    Stella;  ion. 
Consternation,  con.    Sterno;  ion. 
Constitution,  con.    Statum;  ion. 
Construction,  con.    Structum;  ion. 
Construe,  con.    Struo. 
Consult.    Consultum,  to  consult. 
Consumption,  con.    Sumptum;  ion. 
Contact,  con.     Tactum. 
Contagion,  con.     Tango ;  ion. 
Contain,  con.     Teneo. 
Contemporary,  con.     Temporis;  ary. 
Contend,  con.     Tendo. 
Conterminous,  con.     Terminus;  ous. 
Contest,  con.     Testis. 
Context,  con.    Textum. 
Contiguous,  con.     Tango;  ous. 
Continental,  con.     Teneo;  ent,  al. 
Contingent,  con.    Tango;  ent. 
Continual,  con.     Teneo;  al. 
Continuity,  con.     Teneo;  ity. 
Contortion,  con.    Tortum;  ion. 
Contraction,  con.     Tractum;  ion. 
Contradiction,  contra.    Dictum;  ion. 
Contravene,  contra.     Venio. 
Contribute,  con.    Tributum. 
Contrition,  con.     Tritum;  ion. 
Controversy,  contro.     Versum;  y. 
Controvert,  contro.     Verto. 
Contumacy,  con.     Tumeo;  acy. 
Contumely,  con.     Tumeo;  y. 
Contusion,  con.     Titsum;  ion. 
Convalescent,  con.     Valeo  ;  escent. 
Convene,  con.     Venio. 
Convenient,  con.     Venio;  ent. 
Conventional,  con.     Ventum;  ion,  al. 
Converge,  con.     Vergo. 
Conversation,  con.     Versum;  ion. 
Conversion,  con.     Versum;  ion. 
Convert,  con.     Verto. 
Convexity,  con.     Vectum;  ity. 
Convex,  con.     Veho. 
Conviction,  con.     Victum;  ion. 
Convince,  con.     Vinco. 
Convivial,  con.     Vivo;  al. 
Convocation,  con.     Vocatum;  ion. 
Convoke,  con.     Voco. 
Convulsion,  con.     Vulsum;  ion. 
Co-operate,  co.    Operis;  ate. 
Cordage,  (Gr.)    Chorde;  age. 
Cordial.    Cordis;  al. 
Cordiality.    Cordis;  al,  ity. 
Cornet.    Cornu;  et. 
Cornucopia.    Cornu,  Copia. 
Corollary.    Corona;  ary. 
Corona.    Corona. 
Coronation.    Corona;  ion. 
Coroner.    Corona;  er. 
Coronet.    Corona;  et. 
Corporal.     Corporis;  al. 
Corporation.    Corporis;  ate,  ion. 
Corporeal.    Corporis;  al. 


Corpulency.     Corpus;  ency ;   (state  of 
being  corpulent.) 

Corpulent.    Corpus;  ulent. 

Corpuscle.     Corpus;  cle. 

Correction,  cor.    Rectum;  ion. 

Correspond,  cor,  re.    Spondeo. 

Corroborative,  cor.    Roboris;  ate,  ive. 

Corrupt,  cor.    Ruptum. 

Cosmetic,  (Gr.)    Kosmos;  ic. 

Cosmogony,  (Gr.)    Kosmos,  Genea ;  y. 

Cosmopolitan,  (Gr.)  Kosmos,  Politeia;  an 

Cosmopolite.  (Gr.)    Kosmos,  Polls ;  ite, 

Council.    Concilium. 

Counsel.    Consulo,  I  consult. 

Count.     Comitis. 

Countenance,  con.     Teneo  ;  ance. 

Counteract,  counter.    Actum. 

Courage.    Cor;  age. 

Courier.    Curro;  ier. 

Course.    Cursum. 

Court,  (Gr.)    Chortos. 

Cousin,  con.    Sanguinis.  (?) 

Covenanter,  co.     Venio  ;  ant,  er. 

Creator.    Creatum;  or. 

Creature.     Creatum;  ure. 

Credence.    Credo;  ence. 

Credential.   Credo;  al.   (Credenda, arti- 
cles of  faith.) 

Credible.    Credo;  ible. 

Credit.    Creditum. 

Credulous.    Credo;  ous. 

Crescent.    Cresco;  ent. 

Crime.    Crimen. 

Criminal.    Criminis;  al. 

Crisis,  (Gr.)    Krites. 

Criterion,  (Gr.)    Krites;  ion. 

Criticise,  (Gr.)    Krites;  ic,  ise. 

Criticism,  (Gr.)    Krites;  ic,  ism. 

Critique,  (Gr.)    Krites. 

Crocodile,  (Gr.)    Krokos,  Deilos,  fearful. 
(Webster,  Krokodilos.) 

Crocus,  (Gr.)    Krokos. 

Cross.    Crucis. 

Crown.    Corona. 

Crucial.     Crucis;  al. 

Crucible.    Crucis;  ible. 

Crucifixion.    Crucis,  Fixum;  ion. 

Cruciform.    Crucis,  Forma. 

Crude.    Crudis. 

Cruel.    Crudelis. 

Crusade.    Crucis. 

Crypt,  (Gr.)    Krypto. 

Cryptogamous,  (Gr.)  Krypto.  Gameo;  ous. 

Cryptography,  (Gr.)  Krypto,  Grapho;  y. 

Crystalline,  (Gr.)    Krystallos;  ine. 

Crystallize,  (Gr.)    Krystallos;  ize. 

Culpable.    Culpa;  able. 

Cultivate.     Cultum;  ate. 

Cumulative.    Cumulus;  ate,  ive. 

Curable.    Cura;  able. 

Curate.    Cura;  ate. 

Curious.    Cura;  ous. 

Currency.    Curro;  ency. 

Current.     Curro;  ent. 

Cursory.     Cursum;  ory. 

Curve.     Curvus. 

Curvilinear.    Curvus,  Linea ;  at. 

Custody.    Custodis;  y. 

Cutaneous.    Cutis;  ous. 
1  Cycle,  (Gr.)    Kyklos. 


KEY. 


297 


Cycloid,  (Gr.)    Kyklos,  Eidos. 
Cyclopedia,  (Gr. )    Kyklon,  Patricia. 
Cylinder,  (Gr.)    Kylindros;  cr. 
Cylindric,  (Gr.)    Kylindros;  ic. 
Cynic,  (Gr.)    Kyon ;  ic. 
Cynosure.    Kyon,  Oura,  the  tail. 

Dactylology,  (Gr.)    Daktylos,  Logos;  y. 
Damage.    Damnum ;  age. 
Dauntless.    Domo;  less. 
Deacon,  (Gr.),  dia.    Koneo. 
Dean,  (Gr.)    Deka. 
Debase,  (Gr.)  de.    Basis. 
Debilitate,  de.    Habeo;  ate.    (Debilis.) 
Debility,  de.    Habeo;  ity.    (Debilis.) 
Debit.    Debitum. 
Debtor.    Debitum;  or. 
Decade,  (Gr.)    Deka,  or  L.  Decem. 
Decagon,  (Gr.)    Deka,  Gonia. 
Decalogue,  (Gr.)    Deka,  Logos. 
Decapolis,  (Gr.)    Deka,  Polis. 
Decay,  de.    Cado. 
Decease,  de.    Cessum. 
December.  Decem. 
Decemvirate.    Decem,  Vir ;  ate. 
Decency.    Decens;  y. 
Decennial.    Decem,  Annus;  al. 
Decide,  de.    Csedo.  ' 
Deciduous,  de.    Cado ;  ous. 
Decimal.    Decem;  al. 
Decimation.    Decem;  ate,  al. 
Decision,  de.    Csesum  ;  ion. 
Decisive,  de.    Csesum  ;  ive. 
Declamation,  de.    dam-alum ;  ion. 
Declaration,  de.    Clarus;  ion. 
Declination,  de.     Clinatum  ;  ion. 
Decline,  de.    Clino. 
Declivity,  de.    Cliinis;  ity. 
Decoction,  de.    Coctum ;  ion. 
Decompose,  de,  com.    Positum. 
Decorate.    Decor;  ate. 
Decorum.    Decor. 
Decree,  de.    Cretum. 
Decrepitude,  de.    Crepitum ;  ude. 
Dedicate.de.    Dico;  ate. 
Deduce,  de.    Duco. 
Deface,  de.    Fades. 
Defamatory,  de.    Fama  ;  ory. 
Defame,  de.    Fama. 
Defeat,  de.    Factum. 
Defection,  de.    Factum;  ion. 
Defective,  de.    Factum  ;  ive. 
Defendant,  de.    Fendo  ;  ant. 
Defenseless,  de.    Fensum ;  less. 
Defensive,  de.    Fensum ;  ive. 
Deference,  de.    Fero;  ence. 
Definite,  de.    Finis. 
Definition,  de.    Finis;  ion. 
Definitive,  de.    Finis  ;  ive. 
Deform,  de.    Forma. 
Deformity,  de.    Fornia;  ity. 
Defraud,  de.    Fraudis. 
Degradation,  de.    Gradior;  ion. 
Degrade,  de.    Gradior. 
Deign.    Diynus. 
Deist.    Deus;  ist. 
I>eity.    Deus;  ity. 
Dejection,  de.    J'actum;  ion. 
Delegate,  de.    Lego;  ate. 
Deleterious,  de.    Leo;  ous. 


Deliberation.de.    Libra;  ate,  ion. 
Delineate,  de.    Linea;  ate. 
Delinquency,  de.    Linquo;  ency. 
Delude,  de.    Ludo. 
Deluge.    Diluvium. 
Delusion,  de.    Lusum;  ion. 
Demagogue,  (Gr.)    Demos,  Agogeus. 
Democracy,  (Gr.)    Demos,  Kratos  ;  y. 
Demolish,  de.    Molwr;  ish. 
Demolition,  de.    Molitus;  ion. 
Demoniac,  (Gr.)  Daimon;  ac. 
Demonocracy.  (Gr.)  Daimon,  Kratos;  $. 
Demonolatry,  (Gr.)   Daimon,  Latreia;  y 
Demonology,  (Gr.)    Daimon,  Logos;  y. 
Demonstrate,  de.    Monstro;  ate. 
Demoralize,  de.    Moris;  al,  ize. 
Denial,  de.    Nego;  al. 
Denomination.de.    Nominis;  ate,  ion. 
Denote,  de.    Nota. 
Denounce,  de.    Nuncio. 
Dense.    Dcnsus. 
Density.    Densus;  ity. 
Dental.    Dentis;  al. 
Dentifrice.    Dentis,  Frico,  I  rub. 
Dentist.    Dentis;  ist. 
Denude,  de.    Nudus. 
Denunciation,  de.    Nuncio;  ate,  ion. 
Deny,  de.    Nego. 
Depart,  de.    Partis. 
Depict,  de.    Pictum. 
Deplorable,  de.    Ploro;  able. 
Deposition,  de.    Positum;  ion. 
Depravity,  de.    Pravus ;  ity. 
Depreciate,  de.    Precium ;  ate. 
Depredation,  de.   Prscda;  ate,  ion. 
Depredator,  de.    Prseda;  ate,  or. 
Deprive,  de.    Privus. 
Deputation,  de.     Putatum;  ion. 
Deputy,  de.    Puto;  y. 
Deride,  de.    Rideo. 
Derision,  de.    Risum.;  ion. 
Derivation,  de.    Rivus;  ion. 
Derive,  de.    Rivus. 
Derogatory,  de.    Rogo;  ate,  ory. 
Descant,  dis.    Canto. 
Descendant,  de.    Scando;  ant. 
Describe,  de.    Scribo. 
Description.de.    Scriptum  ;  ion. 
Desecrate,  de.    Sacer;  ate. 
Desert,  de.    Sertum. 
Design,  de,    Signum. 
Designate,  de.    Signum ;  ate. 
Desolate,  de.    Solus;  ate. 
Despair,  de.    Spero. 
Desperado,  de.    Spero. 
Desperation,  de.    Spero;  ate,  ion. 
Despicable,  de.    Specio;  able. 
Despondency.de.    Spondeo;  cncy. 
Despot,  (Gr.)    Despotes. 
Despotic,  (Gr.)    Despotes;  ic. 
Destitute,  de.    Sisto  or  Statum. 
Destruction.de.    Structum;  ion. 
Destructive,  de.  Structum;  ive. 
Desultory,  de.    Sattum;  cry, 
Detain,  de.     Teneo. 
Detect,  de.     Tectum. 
Detention,  de.     Tentum  ;  ion. 
Deter,  de.     Terreo. 
Deterioration.    Deterior;  ate  ion 
Determination.de.     Terminus;  ion 


298 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


Determine,  de.    Terminus. 
Detraction,  de.    Tractum;  ion. 
Detrimental,  de.     Tritum  ;  ment,  dL. 
Deuterogamy,  (Gr.)   Deuteros,  Gameo ;  y. 
Deuteronomy,  (Gr.)  Deuteros,  Nomos ;  y. 
Develop,  de.     Volup. 
Deviation.de.     Via:  ate,  ion. 
Devise.    Divisus,  dividing. 
Devolving,  de.     Volvo  ;  ing. 
Devotee,  de.     Votum;  ee. 
Devour,  de.     Vor^ 
Devout,  de.     Votum. 
Dexterity.    Dexter;  ity. 
Dexterous.    Dexter;  ous. 
Diabolical,  (Gr.)  dia.    Bpleo;  ical. 
Diaeresis,  (Gr.)  dia.    Hairesis. 
Diagonal.  (Gr.)  dia.    Gonia;  al. 
Diagram,  (Gr.)  dia.    Gramma. 
Dial.    Dies;  al. 

Dialects,  (L.  and  Gr.)  dia.    Lectum. 
Dialogue,  (Gr.)  dia.    Logos. 
Diameter,  (Gr.)  dia.    Metron. 
Diamond,  (Gr.)  a.    Damao.  , (Corrupted 

from  Adamant.) 

Diaphanous,  (Gr.)  dia.    Phano;  ous. 
Diarrhoea,  (Gr.)  dia.    Rheo. 
Diary.    Dies;  ary. 
Dictate.    Dictum;  ate. 
Dictator.    Dictum;  ate,  or. 
Dictatorial.    Dictum ;  ate,  or,  al. 
Diction.    Dictum;  ion. 
Dictionary.    Dictum ;  ion,  ary. 
Dictum.    Dictum. 
Didactic,  (Gr.)    Didasko;  ic. 
X)iet,  (Gr.)    Diaita. 
Dietetic,  (Gr.)    Diaita;  ic. 
Different,  dif.    Fero ;  ent. 
Difficulty,  dif.    Facio ;  ty.    (Facilis.) 
Diffidence,  dif.    Fido;  ence. 
Diffuse,  dif.    Fusum. 
Digit.    Digitus. 
Dignify.    Dignus  ;  fy. 
Dignity.    Dignus;  ity. 
Digression,  di.    Gressus;  ion. 
Dilapidation,  di.    Lapidis;  ate,  ion. 
Dilate,  di.    Latus. 
Dilation,  di.    Latus;  ion. 
Dilatory,  di.    Latum  ;  ory. 
Dilemma,  (Gr.)  di.    Lemma. 
Diligent,  di.    Lego;  ent. 
Dilute,  di.    Lutum. 
Dimension,  di.    Mensura ;  ion. 
Dimmish,  di.    Minup;  ish. 
Diminutive,  di.    Minutum;  ive. 
Diocese,  (Gr.)  dia.    Oikos. 
Dioptrics,  (Gr.)  dia.    Optomai;  ics. 
Diorama,  (Gr.)  dia.    Orama. 
Diphthong,  (Gr.)  di.    PJdhegma. 
Diplomatist,  (Gr.)    Diploma;  ist. 
Direction,  di.    Rectum;  ion. 
Diruption,  di.    Ruptum  ;  ion. 
Disaster,  (Gr.)  dis.    Astron;  er. 
Discernment,  dis.    Cerno;  ment. 
Disciple.    Discipulus. 
Discipline.    Discipulus;  ine. 
Disclaim,  dis,    Clamo. 
Discoloration,  dis.    Color;  ion. 
Disconcert,  dis.  con.    Certo. 
Disconnect,  dis,  con.    Necto. 
Disconsolate,  dis,  con.    Solor;  ate. 


Discouragement,  dis.    Cor;  age,  ment. 
Discourse,  dis.    Cur  sum. 
Discreet,  dis.    Oretum. 
Discrepancy,  dis.    Crepo ;  ancy. 
Discretion,  dis.    Cretum;  ion. 
Discrimination,  dis.    Cerno ;  ate,  ion. 
Discursive,  dis.    Cursum ;  ive. 
Discussion,  dis.    Cussum;  ion. 
Disdain,  dis.    Dignus. 
Disgrace,  dis.    Gratia. 
Disgust,  dis.    Gustus. 
Dishonest,  dis.    Honestus. 
Dishonor,  dis.    Honor. 
Dishonorable,  dis.    Honor ;  able. 
Disinherit,  dis,  in.    Hereditas. 
Disintegrate,  dis.    Integer;  ate. 
Dismount,  dis.    Montis. 
Disorganize,  (Gr.)  dis.    Organon;  ize. 
Disparagement,  dis.    Par ;  age,  ment. 
Disparity,  dis.    Par;  ity. 
Dispassionate,  dis.    Passus;  ion,  ate. 
Dispensing,  dis.    Pensum;  ing. 
Disperse,  dis.    Sparsum. 
Display,  dis.    Plico. 
Disposition,  dis.    Positum;  ion. 
Disprove,  dis.    Probo. 
Dispute,  dis.    Puto. 
Disqualified,  dis.     Qualis;  fy,  ed. 
Disrespect,  dis,  re.    Spectum. 


Dissemination,  dis.    Seminis  ;  ate,  ion 

Dissent,  dis.    Sentio. 

Dissertation,  dis.    Sertum  ;  ion. 

Dissimulation,  dis.    Simul ;  ate,  ion. 

Dissolute,  dis.    Solutum. 

Dissuade,  dis.    Suadeo. 

Dissuasive,  dis.    Suasum ;  ive. 

Dissyllable,  (Gr.)    Dis,  syl.    Labo. 

Distance,  dis.    Sto  ;  ance. 

Distant,  dis.    Sto;  ant. 

Distich,  (Gr.)    Dis,  Stichos. 

Distillery,  dis.    Stilla;  ery. 

Distinct,  dis.    Stinctum. 

Distinguish,  dis.    Stinguo ;  ish. 

Distort,  dis.     Tortum. 

Distraction,  dis.     Tractum;  ion. 

Disturbance,  dis.    Turba;  ance. 

Disuse,  dis.     Usus. 

Diurnal.    Dies,  al.    (Diurnus,  daily.) 

Diverge,  di.     Vergo. 

Diverse,  di.     Versum. 

Diversify,  di.     Versum;  fy. 

Divide.    Divido,  I  divide. 

Divine.    Divus;  ine. 

Divinity.    Divus;  ine,  ity. 

Divisor.    Divisum,  to  divide ;  or. 

Divorce,  di.     Verio. 

Divulge,  di.     Vulgus. 

Docility.    Doceo  ;  He,  ity. 

Doctor.    Doctum;  or. 

Doctrine.    Doctum;  ine. 

Document.    Doceo;  ment. 

Dogmatic,  (Gr.)    Dogmatos  ;  ic. 

Doleful.    Doleo  ;  ful. 

Domesticate.    Domus;  ic,  ate. 

Domicile.      Domus.      (Domicilium,     a 

bouse.) 
Dominant.    Dominus;  ant. 


KEY. 


299 


Domination.    Dominus ;  ate,  ion. 

Domineer.    Dominus. 

Dominion.    Dominus;  ion. 

Donation.    Donum ;  ate,  ion. 

Donee.    Donum;  ee. 

Donor.    Donum;  or. 

Dormant.    Dormio;  ant. 

Dormitory.    Dormitum;  ory. 

Dose,  (Gr.)    Dosis. 

Doubly.    Duo,  Plico. 

Doubt.    Dubium,  fr.  Diibito,  I  doubt. 

Doxology,  (Gr.)    Doxa,  Logos;  y. 

Dramatic,  (Gr.)    Drama;  ic. 

Dramatist,  (Gr.)    Drama;  ist. 

Dramatize,  (Gr.)    Drama  ;  ize. 

Dromedary,  (Gr.)    Dromos. 

Dropsy,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Ops;  y. 

Dubious.    Dubium;  mis. 

Ducat.    Ductum. 

Ductile.    Ductum;  He. 

Duel.    Duellum. 

Duke.    Ductum. 

Duodecagon,  (Gr.)    Duo,  Deka,  Gonia. 

Duodecimal.    Duo,  Decem;  al. 

Duodecimo.    Duo,  Decem. 

Duplicate.    Duo,  Plico  ;  ate. 

Duplicity.    Duo,  Plico ;  ity. 

Durable.    Durus;  able. 

Duration.    Durus;  ion. 

During.    Durus;  ing. 

Dynamics,  (Gr.)    Dynamis;  ics. 

Dynasty,  (Gr.)    Dynamis;  y. 

Dyspepsy,  (Gr.)    Dys,  Peptos;  y. 

Dyspeptic,  (Gr.)    Dys,  Peptos;  ic. 

Dysphony,  (Gr.)    Dys,  Phone ;  y. 

Ebriety.    Ebrius  ;  ety. 

Ebullition,  e.    Bullitum;  ion. 

Eccentric,  (Gr.)  ec.    Kentron;  ic. 

Eccentrical,  ec.    Kentron;  ical. 

Eccentricity,  (Gr.)  ec.    Kentron;  ic,  ity. 

Ecclesiastic,  (Gr.)  ec.    Klesis;  ic. 

Echo,  (Gr.)    Echeo. 

Eclipse,  (Gr.)  ec.    Leipo. 

Ecliptic,  (Gr.)  ec.    Leipo;  ic. 

Eclogue,  (Gr.)  ec.    Logos. 

Economy,  (Gr.)    Oikos,  Nomos;  y. 

Ecstasy,  (Gr.)  ec.    Stasis;  y. 

Ecstatical,  (Gr.)  ec.    Stasis;  ical. 

Ecumenical,  (Gr.)    Oikos;  ical. 

Edacity.  Edo ;  ity ;  (state  of  being  eda- 
cious.) 

Edible.    Edo;  ible. 

Edict,  e.    Dictum. 

Edifice.    JEdes,  Facio. 

Edify.    jEdes;fy. 

Editor,  e.    Datum;  or. 

Education,  e.    Duco;  ate,  ion. 

Efface,  ef.    Fades. 

Effect,  ef.    Factum. 

Effeminacy,  ef.    Femina;acy. 

Effervescence,  ef.    Ferveo;  escence. 

Efficacious,  ef.    Facio;  acious. 

Effigy,  ef.    Fingo ;  y. 

Efflorescence,  ef.    Floris;  escence. 

Effluvium,  ef.  Fluo.  (L.  Effluvium; 
plural,  Effluvia.) 

Effort,  ef.    Fortis. 

Effulgence,  ef.    Fulgeo ;  ence. 

Effusion,  ef.    Fusum;  ion. 


Egotism.    Ego;  ism. 
Egotistical.    Ego  ;  ist,  ical. 
Egregious,  e.    Gregis;  ous. 
Egress,  e.    Gressus. 
Eject,  e.    Jactum. 
Elaborate,  e.    Labor;  ate. 
Elapse,  e.    Lapsus. 
Elasticity,  (Gr.)    Elao  ;  ic,  ////. 
Elate,  e.    Latum. 
Election,  e.    Lectum ;  ion. 
Electricity,  (Gr.)    Elektron;  ic,  ity. 
Electrometer,  (Gr.)    Elektron,  Me'tron. 
Elegance.    Elegans;  ance. 
Elegiac,  (Gr.)    Elegeia;  ac. 
Elegy,  (Gr.)    Elegeia;  y. 
Elevate,  e,    Levo ;  ate. 
Ellipses,  (Gr.)  el  (ec).    Leipo. 
Elliptical,  (Gr.)  el  (ec).    Leipo;  ical. 
Elocution,  e.    Locutus ;  ion. 
Elongate,  e.    Longus;  ate. 
Eloquent,  e.    Loquor ;  ent. 
Elucidate,  e.    Luceo;  id,  ate. 
Elude,  e.    Ludo. 
Elusion,  e.     Lusum;  ion. 
Emanates,  e.    Mano  ;  ate. 
Emancipate,  e.    Manus.  Gapio ;  ate. 
Embalm,  (Gr.)  em.    Balsamon. 
Emblem,  (Gr.)  em.    Boleo. 
Emergency,  e.    Mergo  ;  ency. 
Emetic,  (Gr.)    Emeo;  ic. 
Emigrate,  e.    Migro  ;  ate. 
Eminence,  e.    Mineo;  ence. 
Eminent,  e.    Mineo  ;  ent. 
Emissary,  e.    Missum;  ary. 
Emit,  e.    Mitto. 
Emotion,  e.    Motum;  ion. 
Emperor.    Impero ;  or. 
Emphasis,  (Gr.)  em.    Phano. 
Empire.    Impero. 

Empiric,  (Gr.)  em.    Peirates,  fr.  Peirao. 
I  try,  I  attempt,    ic. 

Empyrean,  (Gr.)  em.    Pyr ;  ean. 
Emulation.    JEmulus;  ate,  ion. 
Enable,  en.    Habeo;  ble. 

Enchant,  en.    Canto. 

Encircle,  en.    Circulus. 

Encomium,  (Gr.)  en.    Komos. 

Encumber,  en.    Cumbo. 

Encumbrance,  en.    Cumbo  ;  ance. 

Encyclical,  (Gr.)  en.    Kyklos;  ical. 

Encyclopaedia,  (Gr.)  en.     Kyklos,  Pai- 
deia. 

Endecagon,  (Gr.)    En,  Deka,  Gonia. 

Endemic,  (Gr.)  en.    Demos;  ic. 

Endorse,  en.    Dorsum. 

Endure,  en.    Durus. 

Enemy,  en.    Amicus. 

Energetic,  (Gr.)  en.    Ergon;  ic. 

Energize,  (Gr.)  en.    Ergon;  ize. 

Energy,  (Gr.)  en.    Ergon;  y. 

Enervate,  e.    Nervus;  ate. 

Engraver,  (Gr.)  en.    Grapho;  er. 

Enjoin,  en.    Junctum. 

Enigma,  (Gr.)    JEnigma. 

Enigmatical,  (Gr.)    ^Enigma;  icai. 

Enmity,  en,    Amicus;  ty. 

Ennoble,  en.    Nobilis. 

Enormous,  e.    Norma;  ous. 

Ensign,  en.    Signum. 

Ensue,  en.    Secutus. 


300 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Enterprise,    enter.      Prehensum.      (Fr. 

Prise,  taken.) 
Entertain,  enter.     Teneo. 
Enthusiasm,  (Gr.)  en.     Theos;  asm. 
Entombment,  en.     Tumba;  ment. 
Entomology,  (Gr.)    Entomon.  Logos;  y. 
Enumeration,  e.    Numerus  ;  ate,  ion. 
Enunciate,  e.    Nuncio;  ate. 
Envelop,  en.     Volup. 
Ephemeral,  (Gr.)  epi.    Hemera;  al. 
Ephemeris,  (Gr.)  epi.    Hemera. 
Epic,  (Gr.)    Epos;  ic. 
Epicure.  (Gr )    Epikouros. 
Epicurean,  (Gr.)    Epikouros;  ean. 
Epicycle,. (Gr.)  epi.    Kyklos. 
Epidemic,  (Gr.)  epi.    Demos;  w. 
Epiglottis,  (Gr.)  epi.    Glossa  or  Glotta. 
Epigram,  (Gr.)  epi.    Gramma. 
Epilepsy,  (Gr.)  epi.    Lcpsis;  y. 
Epiphany,  (Gr.)  epi..    Phano ;  y. 
Episcopacy,  (Gr.)  epi.    Skopeo;  acy. 
Episode,  (Gr.)  epi.    Odos. 
Epispastic,  (Gr.)  epi.    Spao  ;  ic. 
Epistle,  (Gr.)  epi.    Stello. 
Epitaph,  (Gr.)  epi.     Taphos. 
Epithet,  (Gr.)  epi.     Thesis. 
Epitome,  (Gr.)  epi.    Tomos. 
Epoch.    Epocha,  an  epoch. 
Equalize.    jEquus;  al.  ize. 
Equanimity.    JEquus,  Animus;  ity. 
Equator.    JEquus. 
Equatorial.    JEquus;  al. 
Equestrian.    Eques;  an. 
Equiangular.    JEquus.  Angulus;  ar. 
Equidistant.    ^Equus;  di.    Sto,  ant. 
Equilateral.    jEquus,  Lateris;  al. 
Equilibrium.    Atquus,  Libra. 
Equinoctial.    JEquus,  Noctis;  al. 
Equinox.    JEqims,  Nox. 
Equipage.    Eques.    (Sp.  Equipage.) 
Equity.    JEquus;  ity. 
Equivalent.    JEquus,  Valeo;  ent. 
Equivocal.    JEquus,  Voco;  al. 
Equivocate.    JEquus,  Voco;  ate. 
Eradicate,  e.    Radicis ;  ate. 
Erase,  e.    Rasum. 
Erasure,  e.    Rasum;  ure. 
Erecting,  e.    Rectum ;  ing. 
Eremite,  (Gr.)    Eremos;  ite. 
Errata.    Erratum. 
Erratic.    Erratum;  ic. 
Erroneous.    Erro;  ous. 
Error.    Erro ;  or. 
Erudite,  e.    Rudis. 
Eruption,  e.    Ruptum  ;  ion. 
Esoteric,  (Gr.)    Eso ;  ic. 
Especially,  e.    Specio;  al,  ly. 
Espouse,  e.    Sponsum. 
Essence.    Esse;  ence. 
Essential.    Esse;  ent,  al. 
Establish,  e.    Sto;  able,  ish. 
Esteem.    JEstimo. 
Estimable.    jEstimo;  able. 
Estimation.    JEstimo;  ate,  ion. 
Eternity.     jEternus;  ity. 
Ethereal,  (Gr.)    JEther,  the  sky  ;  al. 
Ethics,  (Gr.)    Ethos;  ics. 
Ethical,  (Gr.)    Ethos;  ical. 
Ethnical,  (Gr.)    Ethnos;  ical. 
Ethnography,  (Gr.)    Ethnos,  Grapho;  y. 


Ethology,  (Gr.)    Ethos,  Logos;  y. 

Etymology,  (Gr.)    Etymon,  Logos;  y. 

Eucharist,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Charitos. 

Eulogium,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Logos. 

Eulogize,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Logos;  ize. 

Euphemism,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Phano;  ism. 

Euphony,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Phone;  y. 

Euthanasia,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Thanatos. 

Euthanasy,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Thanatos;  y. 

Evacuation,  e.    Vaco  ;  ate,  ion. 

Evade,  e.    Vasum. 

Evangelical,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Angello;  ical. 

Evangelist,  (Gr.)    Eu,  Angello;  ist. 

Evasion,  e.     Vasum;  ion. 

Evasively,  e.     Vasum;  ive,  ly. 

Eventually,  e.     Ventum;  al,  ly. 

Event,  e.     Ventum. 
j  Evident,  e.     Video;  ent. 
I  Evince,  e.     Vinco. 

Evolve,  e.    Volvo. 

Exact,  ex.    Act. 

Exaggeration,  ex.    Agger ;  ate,  ion. 

Exaltation,  ex.    Altus;  ion. 

Examination.    Examinis;  ion. 

Example.    Exemplum. 

Exasperate,  ex.    Asper;  ate. 

Excavation,  ex.    Cavus;  ate,  ion. 

Exceed,  ex.    Cedo. 

Excellent,  ex.    Celsus;  ent. 

Except,  ex.    Captum. 

Excessive,  ex.    Cessum ;  ive. 

Excise,  ex.    OsBsum. 

Excision,  ex.    Csesum ;  ion. 

Excitable,  ex.    Cito;  able. 

Exclaim,  ex.    Clamo. 

Excrescence,  ex.    Cresco;  ence. 

Excruciate,  ex.    Orucis;  ate. 

Exculpate,  ex.    Cutpa;  ate. 

Excursion,  ex.    Cursiim;  ion. 

Execute,  ex.    Secutus. 

Excuse,  ex.    Causa. 

Exegesis,  (Gr.)  ex.    Egesis. 

Exegetical,  (Gr.)  ex.    Egesis;  ical. 

Exemplar.    Exemplum;  ar. 

Exemplary.    Exemplum ;  ary. 

Exemplify.    Exemplum;  fy. 

Exemption,  ex.    Emptum ;  ion. 

Exercise,  ex.    Arceo;  ise. 

Exert,  ex.    Sertum. 

Exhale,  ex.    Halo. 

Exhaust,  ex.    Haiistum. 

Exhibit,  ex.    Habitum. 

Exhort,  ex.    Hortor. 

Exhumed,  ex.    Humus  ;  ed. 

Exigency,  ex.    Ago;  ency. 

Exile.    Exilium. 

Existence,  ex.    Sisto ;  ence. 

P^xit,  ex.    Rum. 

Exodus,  (Gr.)  ex.    Odos. 

Exonerate,  ex.    Oneris;  ate. 

Exorbitant,  ex.    Orbita  ;  ant. 

Exorcise,  (Gr.)  ex.    Orkos;  ise. 

Exorcism,  (Gr.)  ex.    Orkos;  ism. 

Exordium,  ex.  Orior.  (Ordior,  I  begin.) 

Exotic,  (Gr.)    Exo;  ic. 

Expansion,  ex.    Pansum;  ion. 

Expatiate,  ex.    Spatium;  ate. 

Expatriate,  ex.    Patris;  ate. 

Expect,  ex.    Spectum. 

Expectoration,  ex.    Pectoris;  ate,  ion. 


KEY. 


301 


Expediency,  ex.    Pedis ;  ency. 
.Expedite,  ex.    Pedis. 
Expensive,  ex.    Pensum;  ive. 
Experience,  ex.    Perior ;  ence. 
Expert,  ex.    Peritus. 
Expiatory,  ex.    Pio;  ate,  ory. 
Expiration,  ex.    Spiratum ;  'ion. 
Expire,  ex.    Spiro. 
Explanatory,  ex.    Planus;  ory. 
Expletive,  ex.    Pletum  ;  ive. 
Explicit,  ex.    Plico. 
Explode,  ex.    Plaudo. 
Exploration,  ex.    Ploratum ;  ion. 
Explore,  ex.    Ploro. 
Explosion,  ex.    Plausum;  ion. 
Exposition,  ex.    Positum;  ion. 
Expostulate,  ex.    Postulo ;  ate. 
Expression,  ex.    Pressum ;  ion. 
Expulsion,  ex.    Pulsum;  ion. 
Expurgate,  ex.    Pur  go  ;  ate. 
Exquisite,  ex.    Quxsitum. 
Extant,  ex.    Sto  ;  ant. 
Extemporaneous,  ex.     Temporis  ;  OILS. 
Extent,  ex.     Tentum. 
Extenuate,  ex.     Tennis;  ate. 
Exterior.    Exterior. 
Exterminate,  ex.     Terminus;  ate. 
External.    Exterus;  al. 
Extinguishment,    ex.      Stinguo ;      ish, 

ment. 

Extirpate,  ex.    Stirps  ;  ate. 
Extol,  ex.     Tollo. 
Extort,  ex.     Tortum. 
Extract,  ex.     Tractum. 
Extraneous.    Extra;  ous. 
Extravagant,  extra.     Vagus  ;  ant. 
Extremity.    Extremus  ;  ity. 
Extramural,  Extra.    Murus;  al. 
Extrinsic.    Exterus;  ic. 
Exult,  ex.    Saltum. 

Fabricate.    Fabrico;  ate. 
Face.    Fades. 
Facilitate.    Facio  ;  He,  ate. 
Factory.    Factum;  ory. 
Faculty.    Facio;  He,  ty. 
Faith.    Fido. 

Fallacious.    Fallo;  acious. 
Fallacy.    Fallo;  acy. 
Falsify.    Falsum ;  /?/. 
Familiarity.    Familia ;  ar,  ity. 
Family.    Familia;  y. 
Famish.    Fames;  ish. 
Famous.    Fama;  ous. 
Fanaticism.    Fanum;  ic,  ism. 
Fancy,  (Gr.)    Phano;  y. 
Fantastic,  (Gr.)    Phano;  ic. 
Farinaceous.    Farina;  aceous. 
Fashion.    Facio;  ion. 
Fatal.    Fatum;  al. 
Fault.    Fallo. 

Favorable.    Faveo;  or,  able. 
Feast.    Festum. 
Features.    Facio;  ure. 
Febrile.    Febris ;  He. 
Federal.    Faideris;  al. 
Felicitate.    Felicis;  ate. 
Felicity.    Felicis;  ity. 
Feminine.    Femina;  ine. 
Fermentation.    Fermentum;  ion. 

26 


Ferocious.    Ferocis ;  ous. 

Fertile.    Fero;  He. 

Ferule.    Ferula. 

Fervor.    Ferveo;  or. 

Festival.    Festum ;  ive.  al. 

Festivity.    Festum ;  ive,  ity. 

Feverish.    Febris;  ish. 

Fictitious.    Fictum;  ous. 

Fidelity.    Fidclis;  ity. 

Fierce.    Ferocis. 

Figurative.    Figura;  ive. 

Filial.    Filius;  al. 

Finally.    Finis;  al,ly. 

Fine.    Finis. 

Finite.    Finis. 

Firmament.    Firmus;  ment. 

Fiscal.    Fiscus;  al. 

Fix.    Fixum. 

Flagrancy.    Flagro;  ancy. 

Flexible.    Flexum;  ible. 

Florid.    Floris;  id. 

Floriferous.    Floris,  Fero;  om. 

Florin.    Floris. 

Flourish.    Floris;  ish. 

Flowers.    Floris. 

Fluctuate-    Fluctum;  ate.     . 

Fluency.    Fluo;  ency. 

Foliage.    Folium;  age. 

Folio.    Folium. 

Force.    Fortis. 

Forfeit.    Foris,  out  of  doors ;  Factum. 

Formality.    Forma ;  al,  ity. 

Fortification.    Fortis,  Factum;  ion. 

Fortitude.    Fortis;  ude. 

Fortress.    Fortis. 

Fortuitous.    Fortit;  ous. 

Fortunate.    Fortuna;  ate. 

Fossil.    Fossum. 

Foundation.    Fundus;  ion. 

Fraction.    Fractum ;  ion. 

Fragility.    Frango  ;  He,  ity. 

Fragment.    Frango;  ment. 

Fragrant.    Fragro;  ant. 

Frantic,  (Gr.)    Phren;  ic. 

Fraternity.    Frater;  ity.    (Fraternus.) 

Fratricide.    Frater,  Cxdo. 

Fraudulent.    Fraudu;  ulent. 

Frenetic,  (Gr.)    Phren ;  ic. 

Frenzy,  (Gr.)    Phren;  y. 

Frequent.    Frequentis. 

Frigid.    Frigus;  id. 

Frontispiece.    Frontis,  Specio. 

Fruit.    Fruitus. 

Fruition.    Fruitus;  ion. 

Fugitive.    Fugitum;  ive. 

Fulgency.    Falgco;  ency. 

Fumigation.    Fumigo;'ate,  ion. 

Fundamental.    Fundus;  ment,  al. 

Funeral.    Funeris;  al. 

Furious.    Furia;  ous. 

Fusibility.    Fusum ;  ible,  ity. 

Futile.    Futilis;  He.    (Fundo?) 

Galaxy,  (Gr.)    Galakios;  y. 
Gasometer,  (Gr.)    Gas,  Metron. 
Gastric,  CGr.)    Gaster;  ic. 
Gastriloquy,  (Gr.)    Gaster,  Loquor ;  y 
Gelatinous.     Gclatum;  ine,  ous. 
Genealogy,  (Gr.)    Genea,  Logos;  y. 
General.    Generis;  al. 


302 


A    MANUAL    OF    ETYMOLOGY. 


Generate.    Generis;  ate. 

Generic.    Generis;  ic. 

Genesis,  (Gr.)    Genea. 

Genial.    Genus;  al. 

Genius.    Genus. 

Gentility.    Gentis;  He,  ity.    (L.  Gentilis. 

belonging  to  the  same  race.) 
Gentle,  Gentile.    See  Gentility. 
Genuine.    Genus;  ine. 
Geocentric,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Kentron  ;  ic. 
Geography,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Grapho;  y. 
Geology,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Logos;  y. 
Geometry,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Metron;  y. 
Geoponic,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Ponos ;  ic. 
Georgic,  (Gr.)    Ge,  Ergon;  ic. 
Gesture.    Gestum;  ure. 
Gladiatorial.    Gladius ;  or,  al. 
Glands.    Glans,  an  acorn. 
Globe.     Globus. 
Globular.    Globulus;  ar. 
Glorification.    Gloria,  Factum ;  ion. 
Glossary,  (Gr.)    Glossa;  ary. 
Gloss.  (Gr.)    Glossa. 
Glottis,  (Gr.)    Glotta. 
Glutton.    Glutio. 
Glyptic,  (Gr.)    Glypko;  ic. 
Gnomon,  (Gr.)    Gnomon. 
Gnostic,  (Gr.)    Gnostos;  ic. 
Government.    Guberno ;  ment. 
Gracious.    Gratia;  ous.  (In  Latin  before 

two  vowels  t  frequently  changes  to  c.) 
Gradation.    Gradior;  ion. 
Grain.    Granum. 

Graminivorous.     Graminis,Voro;  ous. 
Grammar,  (Gr.)    Gramma. 
Granary.    Granum;  ary. 
Grandeur.    Grandis. 
Grandiloquence.  Grandis,  Loquor ;  ence. 
Granite.    Granum.    Gr.  Lithos. 
Granivorous.    Granum,  Voro;  ous. 
Graphic,  (Gr.)    Grapho;  ic. 
Grateful.    Gratus  ;  ful. 
Gratis.    Gratia. 
Gratuitous.    Gratia;  ity,  ous. 
Gravitation.    Gravitas;ate,ion. 
Gravity.    Gravis;  ity. 
Grecian,  (Gr.)   Graikia;  ian. 
Grief.    Gravis. 
Grievous.    Gravis;  ous. 
Gubernatorial.    Gubernator;  al. 
Gymnastic,  (Gr.)    Gymnos;  ic. 
Gymnosophist,  (Gr.)     Gymnos,  Sophia; 

ist. 
Gymnospermous,  (Gr.)     Gymnos,   Sper- 

ma;  ous. 

Gyneocracy,  (Gr.)    Gyne,  Kratos  ;  y. 
Gyration,  (Gr.)    Gyros ;  ate,  ion. 

Habeas  Corpus.    Habeo,  Corpus. 
Habiliments.    Habilis;  ment. 
Habit.    Habitum. 
Habitation.    Habitum;  ion. 
Habituate.    Habitum;  ate. 
Harmonious,  (Gr.)    Harmonia ;  ous. 
Harmony,  (Gr.)    Harmonia;  y. 
Hebdomadal,  (Gr.)    Hebdomas  ;  al. 
Hecatomb,  (Gr.)    Hekaton,  Bous,  an  ox. 
Heir.    Heres. 

Heliocentric,  (Gr.)    Helios,  Kentron ;  ic. 
Heliometer,  (Gr.)    Helios^  Metron. 


Helioscope,  (Gr.)    Helios,  Skopeo. 

Heliotrope,  (Gr.)    Helios,  Tropos. 

Hellenic,  (Gr.)    Hetten  ;  ic. 

Hemicycle,  (Gr.)  hemi.     Kyklos. 

Hemisphere,  (Gr.)  hemi.    Sphaira. 

Hemistich,  (Gr.)  hemi.-    Stichos. 

Hemoptysis,  (Gr.)    Haima,  Ptyo,  I  spit 

Hemorrhage,  (Gr.)    Haima,  Rheo. 

Heptagonal,  (Gr.)    Hepta,  Gonia;  al. 

Heptarchy,  (Gr.)    Hepta,  Arche;  y. 

Herbivorous.    Herba,  Voro;  ous. 

Hereditary.    Hereditas;  ary. 

Heresiarch,  (Gr.)    Hairesis,  Arche. 

Heresy,  (Gr.)    Hairesis;  y. 

Hermetic,  (Gr.)    Hermes;  ic. 

Hermit,  (Gr.)    Eremos. 

Hermitage,  (Gr.)    Eremos. 

Heroic,  (Gr.)    Heros  ;  ic. 

Heroine,  (Gr.)    Heros;  ine. 

Hesitate.    Hsesitum  ;  ate. 

Heterarchy,  (Gr.)    Heteros,  Arche;  y. 

Heteroscii,  (Gr.)    Heteros,  Skia. 

Heterodox,  (Gr.)    Heteros,  Doxa. 

Heterogeneous,  (Gr.)  Heteros,  Genea; 
ous. 

Hexagon,  (Gr.)    Hex.  Gonia. 

Hexahedron,  (Gr.)    Hex,  Hedra. 

Hexameter,  (Gr.)    Hex,  Metron. 

Hierarchy,  (Gr.)    Hieros,  Arche;  y. 

Hieroglyphic,  (Gr.)    Hieros,  Glypho  ;  ic. 

Hierophant,  (Gr.)    Hieros,  Phano. 

Hippodrome,  (Gr.)    Hippos,  Dromos. 

Hippopotamus,  (Gr.)    Hippos,  Potamos. 

Historian,  (Gr.)    Historia;  an. 

Historiography,  (Gr.)  Historia,  Gra- 
pho; y. 

Holocaust,  (Gr.)    Holos,  Kaustikos. 

Holograph,  (Gr.)    Holos,  Grapho. 

Homicide.    Homo,  C&do. 

Homily,  (Gr.)    Homilos ;  y. 

Homogeneous,  (Gr.)  Homos,  Genea;  ous 

Homologous,  (Gr.)    Homos,  Logos;  ous. 

Honesty.    Honestus;  y. 

Honorable.    Honor;  able. 

Honorary.    Honor;  ary. 

Horal,  (Gr.)    Hora;  al. 

Horizon,  (Gr.)    Horizo. 

Horography,  (Gr.)    Hora,  Grapho;  y. 

Horologe,  (Gr.)    Hora,  Logos. 

Horrible.    Horreo ;  ible. 

Horror.    Horreo;  or. 

Horticulture.    Hortus,  Ciiltum;  ure. 

Hospitable.    Hospitis;  able. 

Hospital.    Hospitis. 

Hospitality.    Hospitis;  ity. 

Host.    Hospitis. 

Hosts.    Hostis. 

Hostility.    Hosti* ;  He,  ity. 

Hotel,  Hostel.    Hospitis. 

Hour,  (Gr.)    Hora. 

Human.     Homo;  an. 

Humane.    Homo;  ane. 

Humanize.    Homo;an,ize. 

Humble.    Humus;  ble. 

Humidity.    Humus;  id,  ity. 

Humility.    Humilis;  ity. 

Humor.    Humeo;  or. 

Hydra,  (Gr.)    Hydra. 

Hydrant,  (Gr.)    Hydor;  ant. 

Hydraulic,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Aulos  ;  ic. 


KEY. 


303 


Hydrocele,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Kele. 
Hydrocephalus,  (Gr.)    Hijdor.  Kephale. 
Hydrogen,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Genea. 
Hydrography,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Grapho;  y. 
Hydromel,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Meli. 
Hydrometer,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Metron. 
Hydrophobia,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Phobos. 
Hydrostatic,  (Gr.)    Hydor,  Stasis;  ic. 
Hygrometer,  (Gr.)    Hygros,  Metron. 
Hymeneal,  (Gr.)    Hymen;  al. 
Hymnology,  (Gr.)     Hymnos,  a  hymn ; 

Logos;  y. 

Hyperbola,  (Gr.)  hyper.    Boleo. 
Hyperbole,  (Gr.)  hyper.    Boleo 
Hypercritical,  (Gr.)  hyper.    Krites ;  ical. 
Hypochondriac,  (Gr.)  hypo.    Chondros  ; 

ac. 

Hypocrisy,  (Gr.)  hypo.    Krites ;  y. 
Hypocrite,  (Gr.)  hypo.    Krites;  ite. 
Hypotenuse.  (Gr.)  hypo.     Tonos. 
Hypothecate,  (Gr.)  hypo.     Thesis;  ate. 
Hypothesis,  (Gr.)  hypo.     Thesis. 

Ichthyology,  (Gr.)"    Ichthys,  Logos;  y. 

ichthyophagy,  (Gr.)    Ichthys.  Phago;  y. 

Iconoclast,  (Gr.)  Eikon,  Klastcs,  a 
breaker. 

Idealize,  (Gr.)    Idea;  al,ize. 

Identical.    Idem;  ical. 

Idiom,  (Gr.)    Idios. 

Idiosyncrasy,  (Gr.)  Idios;  syn.  Krasis, 
temperament,  y. 

Idiocy,  (Gr.)    Idios  ;  y. 

Idolatry,  (Gr.)    Eidolon,  Latreia;  y. 

Ignite.*  Ignis. 

Ignominious,  ig.  Nomen  (nominis);  y, 
ous. 

jgnorant,  ig.  Gnorus  for  Gnarus,  know- 
ing. 

Iliad,  (Gr.)    Ilion. 

Illegal,  il.    Legis;  al. 

Illiberality,  il.    Liber;  al,  ity. 

Illiterate,  il.    Litera  ;  ate. 

Illogical,  (Gr.)  il.    Logos;  ical. 

Illumination,  il.    Luminis;  ate,  ion. 

Illustration,  il.    Lustro  ;  ate.  ion. 

Imagery.    Imago;  ery. 

Imagination.    Imaginatus ;  ion. 

Imagine.    Imaginis. 

Imbecile.    ImbecUlis. 

Imbibe,  im.    Bibo. 

Imitate.    Imitor;  ate. 

Immature,  im.    Maturus. 

Immediate,  im.    Medius;  ate. 

Immemorial,  im.    Memor ;  y,  al. 

Immense,  im.    Mensura. 

Immersion,  im.    Mersum;  ion. 

Immigrant,  im.    Migro;  ant. 

Immoral,  im.    Moris ;  al. 

Immortal,  im.    Mortis;  al. 

Immunity,  im.    Munus;  ity. 

Immure,  im.    Murus. 

Immutable,  im.    Muto  ;  able. 

Impart,  im.    Partis. 

Impartial,  im.    Partis ;  al. 

Impatient,  im.    Patior;  ent. 

Impediment,  im.    Pedis;  ment. 

Impel,  im.    Pello. 

Impend,  im.    Pendeo. 

Impenetrable,  im.    Penetro;  able. 


Imperial.    Impero;  al. 
Imperious.    Impero;  ous. 
Impertinent,  im,  per.    Teneo;  ent. 
Imperturbable,  ini,  per.     Turba;  able. 
Impervious,  im,  per.     Via,  ous. 
Impetuous,  im.    Peto;  ous. 
Impetus,  im.    Peto. 
Impiously,  im.    Pius;  ous,  ly. 
Implacable,  im.    Placo ;  able. 
Implant,  im.    Planta. 
Implement,  im.    Pico;  ment. 
Implicate,  im.    Plico;  ate. 
Implore,  im.    Ploro. 
Impolitic,  (Gr.)  im.    Politeia;  ic. 
Importunity,  im.    Porto;  ity. 
Imposition,  im.    Positum ;  ion. 
Impossible,  im.    Posse ;  ible. 
Impotent,  im.    Potentis. 
Impregnable,  im.    Prchendo;  able. 
Impression,  im.    Prcssum;  ion. 
Improve,  im.    Probo. 
Impugn,  im.    Pugna. 
Impulsive,  im.    Pulfum  ;  ive. 
Impunity,  im.    Punio;  ity. 
Impute,  im.    Puto. 
Inalienable,  in.    Alienus;  able. 
Inanition.    Inanis ;  ity,  ion. 
Inarable.  in.    Aro  ;  able. 
Inarticulate,  in.    Articulus ;  ate. 
Inaugurate,  in.    Augur  ;  ate. 
Inauspicious,  in.    Avis,  Specio;  ous. 
Incantation,  in.     C'antatum;  ion. 
Incarcerate,  in     Career;  ate. 
Incarnate,  in.     Carnis;  ate. 
Incautious,  in.    Cautum;  ous. 
Incendiary,  in.    Candeo;  ary. 
Incense,  in.    Candeo. 
Incentive,  in.    Candeo;  ive. 
Incessant,  in.     Cessum ;  ant. 
Incident,  in.    Cado;  ent. 
Incinerate,  in.    Clneris;  ate. 
Incipient,  in.    Capio;  ent 
Incision,  in.     Csesum;  ion. 
Incitement,  in.    Cito;  ment. 
Inclement,  in.    dementis. 
Inclination,  in.    Clinatum;  ion. 
Include,  in.    Cludo. 
Incoherent,  in,  co.    Hssreo ;  ent. 
Incommode,  in,  com.    Modus. 
Incomprehensible,    in,    com.      Prehen- 

sum;  ible. 

Inconsolable,  in,  con.    Solor;  able. 
Incorrect,  in,  cor.    Rectum. 
Incorrigible,  in,  cor.    Rcgo  ;  ible. 
Increase,  in.    Cresco. 
Incredible,  in.    Credo;  ible. 
Incredulity,  in.    Credo;  ity. 
Incumbent,  in.    Cumbo;  ent. 
Incurable,  in.     Ctira;  able. 
Incursion,  in.     Cursum;  ion. 
Incurvate,  in.    Curvus;  ate. 
Indecorum,  in.    Decor. 
Indefinite,  in,  de.    Finis. 
Indelible,  in,  de.    Leo;  ible. 
Indemnification,  in.  Damnum,  Factum ; 

ion. 

Indemnify,  in.    Damnum;  fy. 
Indenture,  in.    Dentis ;  ure. 
Independence,  in,  de.    Pendeo;  ence. 
Index,  in.    Dico. 


304 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Indication,  in.    Dico;  ate,  ion. 
Indict,  in.    Dictum. 
Indifferent,  in.  dif.    Fero;  ent. 
Indigenous.    Indigena;  ous. 
Indigestion,  in,  di.    Gestum;  ion. 
Indignity,  in.    Dignus ;  ity. 
Indispensable,  in,  dis.    Pensum;  able. 
Indisputable,  in,  dis.    Puto;  able. 
Indite,  in.    Dictum. 
Individual,  in.    Dividuus,  divisible. 
Indomitable,  in.    Domitum;  able. 
Indubitable,  in.    Dubitatum  ;  able. 
Industry.    Industria;  y. 
Inebriate,  in.    Ebrius  ;  ate. 
Inert,  in.    Artis. 
Inertia,  in.    Artis. 
Inestimable,  in.    JEstimo;  able. 
Inevitable,  in,  e.     Vito  ;  able. 
Inexhaustible,  in,  ex.    Haustum;  ible. 
Inexorable,  in,  ex.    Oro;  able. 
Infamous,  in.     Fama;  ous. 
Infancy,  in.    Fari;  ancy. 
Infanta,  in.    Fari;  ant. 
Infanticide,  in.    Fari;  ant.    Csedo. 
Infatuate,  in.    Fatuus,  foolish ;  ate. 
Infect,  in.    Factum. 
Inferior.    Inferus. 
Infernal.    Infernus;  al. 
Infest.    Infesto,  I  trouble. 
Infidelity,  in.    Fidelia ;  ity. 
Infinite,  in.    Finis. 
Infirmary,  in.    Firmus;  ary. 
Inflame,  in.    Flamma. 
Inflammation,  in.    Flamma;  ion. 
Inflexible,  in.    Flexum ;  ible. 
Influence,  in.    Fluo;  ence. 
Influential,  in.    Fluo;  al. 
Influx,  in.    Fluxum. 
Information,  in.    Forma;  ion. 
Infraction,  in.    Fractum;  ion. 
Infringement,  in.    Fran  go ;  ment. 
Infusion,  in.    Fiisum;  ion. 
Ingenious,  in.    Genus ;  ous. 
Ingenuity,  in.    Genus :  ity. 
Ingenuousness,  in.    Genus;  ous,  ness. 
Ingrate,  in.    Gratus. 
Ingratitude,  in.    Gratus;  hide. 
Inhabitant,  in.    Habitam;  ant. 
Inhale,  in.    Halo. 
Inherent,  in.    Htereo;  ent. 
Inheritance,  in.    Heredis;  ancc. 
Inhuman,  in.    Homo;  an. 
Inimical,  in.    Amicus;  al. 
Iniquity,  in.    jEqmis;  ity. 
Initial,  in.    Itum ;  al. 
Initiation,  in.    Hum;  ate,  ion, 
Injurious,  in.    Juris;  ous. 
Injustice,  in.    Justus;  ice. 
Innate,  in.    Natus. 
Innocent,  in.    Noceo ;  ent. 
Innovation,  in.    Novus;  ate,  ion. 
Innumerable,  in.    Numerus;  able. 
Inoculate,  in.    Oculus;  ate. 
Inoperative,  in.    Operis  ;  ate,  ive. 
Inopportune,  in,  op.    Porto. 
Inordinate,  in,    Ordinis  ;  ate. 
Inquiries,  in.     Qusero;  y. 
Inquisitive,  in.    Qusesitum  ;  ive. 
Insanity,  in.    Sanus;  ity. 
Insatiable,  in.    Satis;  able. 


Inscrutable,  in.    Scrutor;  able, 
Insectivorous,  in.    Scctum,  Voro;  ous. 
Insert,  in.    Sertum. 
Insidious,  in.    Sedeo;  ous. 
Insignificant,  in.    Signum.  Facio ;  ant. 
Insinuation,  in.    Sinus;  ate,  ion. 
I n si pid ,  in.    Sap io  ;  id. 
Insolubility,  in.    Solutum;  ble,  ity. 
Insolvent,  in.    Soliw;  ent. 
Inspiration,  in.    Spiratum;  ion. 
Inspirit,  in.    Spiratum.    (L.  Spiritus.) 
Instance,  in.    Sto;  ance. 
Instant,  in.    Sto;  ant. 
Institute,  in.    Statum. 
Instruction,  in.    Structum;  ion. 
Instrument,  in.    Struo  ;  ment. 
Insubordination,  in,  sub.    Ordinis;  ate. 

ion. 

Insular.    Insula ;  ar. 
Insulate.    Insula;  ate. 
Insult,  in.    Saltum. 
Insuperable,  in.    Super;  able. 
Insurgent,  in.    Surgo;ent. 
Insurrection,  in.    Sarrectum;  ion. 
Intact,  in.     Tactum. 
I  n  tan  gi  ble ,  i  n .     Tango ;  ible. 
Integral.    Integer;  al. 
Integrity.    Integer;  ity. 
Intellect,  intel.    Lectum. 
Intelligence,  intel.    Lego ;  ence. 
Intend,  in.     Tendo. 
Intensity,  in.     Tensum  ;  ity. 
Intention,  in.     Tentum ;  ion. 
Inter,  in.     Terra. 
Intercede,  inter.    Cedo. 
Intercept,  inter.    Captum. 
Intercession,  inter.    Cessum;  ion. 
Interdict,  inter.    Dictum. 
Interest,  inter.    Entis. 
Interior.    Intus. 

Interminable,  in.     Terminus;  able. 
Intermittent,  inter.    Mitto;  ent. 
Intermural,  inter.    Mvrus;  al, 
International,  inter.    Natus;  ion,  al. 
Interpolation,  (Gr.)  inter.     Polis;   ate. 

ion. 

Interpose,  inter.    Positum. 
Interregnum,  inter.    Rcgnum. 
Interrogative,  inter.    Rogo;  ate,  ive. 
Interruption,  inter.    Ruptum ;  ion. 
Interspersing,  inter.    Sparsum. 
Interstices,  inter.    Sto  ;  ice. 
Intervene,  inter.     Venio. 
Intestate,  inter.     Testia ;  ate. 
Intimately.    Intimus;  atejy. 
Intimidate,  in.     Timco ;  id,  ate. 
Intoxicate,  (Gr.)  in.    Toxikon;  ate. 
Intrinsic.    Intrinsccus;  ic. 
Introductory,  intro.    Ductum;  ory. 
Intrude,  in.    Trudo. 
Intrusive,  in.     Trusum ;  ive. 
Intuition,  in.     Tuitus;    ion. 
Inundate,  in.     Unda;  ate. 
Invade,  in.    Vado. 
Invalidate,  in.     Valeo;  id,  ate. 
Invaluable, in.     Valeo;  able 
Invasion,  in.     Vasum;  ion. 
Invective,  in.     Vectum ;  we. 
Inveigh,  in.     Veho. 
Invention,  in.     Ventum;  ion. 


KEY. 


305 


Inversely,  in.    Versum ;  ly. 

Invert,  in.    Verto. 

Invest,  in.     Vestis. 

Investigate,  in.     Vestigium;  ate. 

Inveterate,  in.     Veteris;  ate. 

Invigorate,  in.     Vigor ;  ate. 

Invincible,  in.     Vinco;  ible. 

Invisible,  in.     Vi-sum ;  ible. 

Invocation,  in.     Vocatum;  ion. 

Invoke,  in.     Voco. 

Involves,  in.     Volvo. 

Invulnerable,  in.     Vulneris  ;  able. 

Iota,  the  Greek  letter  i. 

Iris,  (Gr.)    Iris. 

Iriscope,  (Gr.)    Iris,  Skopeo. 

Irradiate,  ir.    Radius;  ate. 

Irrational,  ir.    Ratus;  ion,  al. 

Irrefragable,  ir,  re.    Frango  ;  able. 

Irrelevant,  ir,  re.    Levo ;  ant. 

Irremediable,  ir,  re.    Medeor;  able. 

Irresponsible,  ir,  re.    Sponsum  ;  ible. 

Irreverent,  ir,  re.     Vereor;  ent. 

Irreversible,  ir,  re.     Versum;  ible. 

Irrevocable,  ir,  re.     Voco ;  able. 

Irrigate,  ir.    Rigo;  ate. 

Irritate.    Irrito;  ate. 

Isle.    Insula. 

Isosceles,  (Gr.)    Isos,  Skelos. 

Isochronal,  (Gr.)    Isos,  Chronos;  al. 

Isochronous,  (Gr.)    Isos,  Chronos;  ous. 

Isolate.    Insula;  ate. 

Isothermal,  (Gr.)    Isos,  Thermos;  al. 

Iterate.    Itero;  ate. 

Itinerant.    Itineris;  ant. 

Jests.    Gestum. 

Jocose.    Jocus;  ose. 

Jocularity.    Jocus;  ar,ity. 

Joke.    Jocus. 

Jot,  (Gr.)    Iota. 

Judicatory.    Judicatum;  ory. 

Judicial.    Judico;  al. 

Judiciary.    Judico;  ary. 

Judicious.    Judico;  ous. 

Junction.    Junctum;  ion. 

Junior.    Juvenis;  or. 

Jurisdiction.    Juris,  Dictum;  ion. 

Jurisprudence.  Juris;  pru.  Video;  ence. 

Justice.    Justus;  ice. 

Juvenile.    Juvenis;  He. 

Kaleidoscope,  (Gr.)  Kalos,  Eidos,  Skopeo. 
Kaleidophone,  (Gr.)  Kalos,  Eidos,  Phone. 

Labor.    Labor. 
Laborious.    Labor;  ous. 
Lachrymal.    Lachryma;  al. 
Laity,  (Gr.)    Laos;  ity. 
Lamentable.    Lamentor;  able. 
Language.    Lingua;  age. 
Lapse.    Lapsus. 
Latitude.    Latus;  tude. 
Latria,  (Gr.)    Latreia. 
Laudable.    Laudis;  able. 
Laudatory.    Laudis;  ory. 
Laureate.    Laurus,  laurel ;  ate. 
Lax.    Laxus. 
Legal.    Legis;  al. 
Legation.    Lego  ;  ate,  ion. 
Legend.    Lego. 

26*  U 


Legible.    Lego;  ible. 

Legislate.    Legis,  Latum. 

Legislator.    Legis,  Latum  ;  or. 

Legislature    Let/is,  Latum;  ure. 

Legitimate.    Lcgitimus;  ate. 

Lenient.    Lenis';  ent. 

Lenity.    Lenis;  ity. 

Lethargic,  (Gr.)  Lethe,  Argos,  idle,  in- 
active; ic. 

Lethargy,  (Gr.)  Lethe,  Argos,  idle,  in- 
active; y. 

Lethean,  (Gr.)    Lethe;  an. 

Levity.    Levis;  ity. 

Lexicography,  (Gr.)    Lexis, Grapho  ;  y. 

Liable.    Ligo ;  able. 

Libel.    Liber. 

Liberal.    Liber;  al. 

Liberalize.    Liber  ;  al,  ize. 

Liberation.    Liber;  ate,  ion. 

Liberty.    Liber;  ty. 

Library.    Liber;  ary. 

Libration.    Libra;  ate,  ion. 

Lictor.    Ligo;  or. 

Ligament.    Ligo;  ment. 

Ligneous.    Lignum,  wood  ;  ous. 

Limitation.    Limitis;  ion. 

Lines.    Linea. 

Lineage.    Linea ;  age. 

Lineal.    Linea :  al. 

Lineament.    Linea;  ment. 

Linear.    Linea;  ar. 

Linen.    Linum. 

Linguist.    Lingua;  ist. 

Linseed.    Linum,  Seed. 

Liquor.    Liqueo;  or. 

Litany,  (Gr.)    Litaneia;  y. 

Literal.    Liter  a;  al. 

Literary.    Litera;  ary. 

Literature.    Litera;  ure. 

Litharge,  (Gr.)    Lithos,  Ar  gyros,  silver. 

Lithographer,  (Gr.)    Lithos,  Grapho ;  er. 

Lithography,  (Gr.)    Lithos,  Grapho ;  y. 

Lithotomy,  (Gr.)    Lithos,  Tomos  ;  y. 

Lithoxyl,  (Gr.)    Lithos,  Xylon. 

Litigation.    Litis,  Ago;  ion. 

Litigious.    Litis,  Ago;  ous. 

Liturgy,  (Gr.)    Leitos,  Ergon;  y. 

Locality.    Locus;  al,  ity. 

Locomotion.    Locus,  Motum;  ion. 

Logarithms,  (Gr.)    Logos,  Arithmos. 

Logician,  (Gr.)    Logos;  ic.  ian. 

Logomachy,  (Gr.)   ^Logos,  Machomai;  y. 

Longevity.    Longus,  JEvum;  ity. 

Longitude.    Longus;  tude. 

Loquacity.  Loquor;  ity,  (state  of  being 
loquacious.) 

Lucid.    Luceo;  id. 

Lucrative.    Lucratus;  ive. 

Ludicrous.    Ludo;  ous. 

Luminary.    Luminis;  ary. 

Luminous.    Luminis;  ous. 

Lunacy.    Luna;  acy. 

Lunar.    Luna;  ar. 

Lunatic.    Luna;  ic. 

Luxury,  (Gr.)    Luxuria;  y. 

Macrocosm,  (Gr.)    Makros,  Kosmos. 
Magician,  (Gr.)    Magus;  ic,  ian. 
Magisterial.    Magister;  al. 
Magistracy.    Magistri;  acy. 


306 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Magistrate.    Magistri;  ate. 
Magna  Charta.    Magnus,  Charta. 
Magnanimous.    Magnus,  Animus ;  ous. 
Magnify.    Magnus  ;  fy. 
Magnitude.    Magnus;  tude. 
Maintain.    Manus,  Teneo. 
Majesty.    Magnus;  y. 
Majority.    Major;  ity. 
Maladministration.     Mains;  ad.    Min- 

istri;  ate,  ion. 

Malcontent.    Mains;  con;  Tentum. 
Malediction.    Malus,  Dictum;  ion. 
Malefactor.    Malus,  Factum ;  or. 
Malevolence.    Malus,  Volo;  ence. 
Malevolent.    Malus,  Volo;  ent. 
Malice.    Malus;  ice. 
Malicious.    Malus;  ice,  ous. 
Malign.    Malignus. 
Malignity.    Malignus;  ity. 
Manacle.    Manus;  cle. 
Mandatory.    Mandatum;  ory. 
Mandate.    Mandatum. 
Maneuver.    Manus.,  Open's. 
Mania,  (Or.)    Mania. 
Maniac,  (Gr.)    Mania;  ac. 
Manual.    Manus;  at. 
Manufactory.    Manus,  Factum ;  ory. 
Manufactures.    Manus,  Factum;  ure. 
Manumission.    Manas,  Missum ;  ion. 
Manuscript.    Manus,  Scriptum. 
Mariner.    Mare;  ine,  er. 
Maritime.    Mare. 
Martyrdom,  (Gr.)    Martyr;  dom. 
Martyrology,  (Gr.)    Martyr,  Logos;  y. 
Masculine.    Masculus;  ine. 
Master.    Magister. 
Material.    Mater ia;  al. 
Maternal.        Mater;    al.       (Maternus, 

motherly.) 

Mathematics,  (Gr.)    Mathematos;  ics. 
Matricide.    Matris,  Cscdo. 
Matron.    Matris. 
Matter.    Materia. 
Mature.    Maturus. 
Maturity.    Maturus;  ity. 
Maximum.    Maximus. 
Maxim.    Maximus. 
Meandering.    Meo.  -(L.  Meander.) 
Measurement.    Mensura ;  ure,  ment. 
Mechanics,  (Gr.)    Mechanao ;  ics. 
Mechanician,  (Gr.)    Mechanao;  ic,ian. 
Mechanism,  (Gr.)    Mechanao ;  ism. 
Mediate.    Medius;  ate. 
Meditation.    Meditor ;  ate,  ion. 
Medical.    Medeor;  ical. 
Medicinal.    Medicus  ;  ine,  al. 
Medicine.    Medicus;  ine. 
Mediterranean.    Medius,  Terra. 
Medium.    Medius. 
Melancholy,  (Gr.)    Melan,  Kole;  y. 
Melanite,  (Gr.)    Melan ;  Gr.  ite. 
Melioration.    Melior ;  ate,  ion. 
Melodrama,  (Gr.)    Melos,  Drama. 
Melody,  (Gr.)    Melos,  Ode ;  y. 
Memorable.    Memor;  able. 
Memorial.    Memor;  y,  al. 
Memorizing.    Memor;  ize,  ing. 
Memory.    Memor;  y. 
Menology,  (Gr.)    Men,  Logos;  y. 
Mental.    Mentis;  al. 


Mention.    Memor;  ion. 
Mercantile.    Mercans ;  ile. 
Mercenary.    Mercor ;  ary. 
Merchandise.    Mercans;  ise.    (Fr.  Mar- 

chand.) 

Merchant.    Mercans;  <mt. 
Meridian.    Medius,  Dies;  an. 
Mesopotamia,  (Gr.)    Mesos,  Potamos. 
Metalliferous,  (Gr.) Metal Ion,  L.Fero;  ous 
Metalloid,  (Gr.)    Metallon,  Eidos. 
Metallurgy,  (Gr.)    Metallon.  Ere/on  ;  y. 
Metamorphic,  (Gr.)  meta.    Morphe;  ic. 
Metaphor,  (Gr.)  m eta.    Phero ;  or. 
Metaphysics,  (Gr.)  meta.    Physis;  ics. 
Metempsychosis,  (Gr.)meta.    Psyche. 
Meteor,  (Gr.)    Meteor  a. 
Meteoric,  (Gr.)    Meteor  a  ;  ic. 
Meteorolite,  (Gr.)    Meteora,  Lithos. 
Meteorology,  (Gr.)    Meteora.  Logos ;  y. 
Meter,  (Gr.)    Metron. 
Method,  (Gr.)  meta.    Odos. 
Methodical,  (Gr.)  meta.    Odos;  ical. 
Metonymy,  (Gr.)  meta.    Onyma;  y. 
Metropolis,  (Gr.)    Metros,  Polis. 
Metropolitan,  (Gr.)    Metros,  Politeia ;  an. 
Mezzotinto,  (Gr.)    Mesos,  Tinctum. 
Miasmatic,  (Gr.)   Miasma;  ic. 
Microcosm,  (Gr.)    Mikros,  Kosmos. 
Micrometer,  (Gr.)    Mikros,  Metron. 
Microphone,  (Gr.)    Mikros.  Phone. 
Microscope,  (Gr.)    Mikros,  Skopeo. 
Migration.    Migro ;  ate,  ion. 
Migratory.    Migro  ;  ate,  ory. 
Militant.    Militis;  ant. 
Military.    Militis;  ary. 
Militia.    Militis. 
Millennium.    Mille,  Annus. 
Mimic,  (Gr.)    Mimos;  ic. 
Mimicry,  (Gr.)    Mimos;  ic,  ry. 
Mineralogy,  (Gr.)  Fr.  Mineral,  Logos;  y. 
Minim.    Minimus;  smallest. 
Minimum.     Minuo.    (L.  Minimus.) 
Ministerial.    Minister;  al. 
Minority.    Minor;  ity. 
Minute.    Minutum. 
Miracle.    Mirus;  cle. 
Miraculous.    Miraculum;  ous. 
Misanthrope,  (Gr.)    Misos,  Anthropos. 
Misanthropy,  (Gr.)   Misos,  Anthropos ;  y. 
Miscellaneous.    Misceo ;    ous.    (L.  Mis- 

cellaneus,  mixed.) 
Miscellany.    Misceo;  y. 
Miserable.    Miser;  able. 
Misery.    Miser;  y. 
Misfortune,  mis.    Fortuna. 
Misnomer,  mis.    Nomos. 
Misogamy,  (Gr.)    Misos,  Gameo;  y. 
Missionary.    Missum;  ion,  ary. 
Missive.    Missum;  ive. 
Mitigate.    Mitigo;  ate. 
Mnemonics,  (Gr.)    Mneo;  ics. 
Mob.    Mobilis. 
Model.    Modus. 
Moderate.    Modus;  ate. 
Modernize.    Modo,  just  now  ;  ize. 
Modesty.    Modestus;  y. 
Modification.    Modus,  Factum  ;  ion. 
Modify.    Modus;  fy. 
Mollify.    Mollis;fy. 
Monad,  (Gr.)    Monos. 


KEY. 


307 


Monarch,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Arcfie. 
Monarchical,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Arche  ;  ical. 
Monarchy,  (Gr  )    Monos,  Arche;  y. 
Monastery,  (Gr.)    Monos;  ery. 
Monastic,  (Gr.)    Monos;  ic. 
Monitor.    Monitum;  or. 
Monk,  (Gr.)    Monos. 
Monoceros,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Keras. 
Monody,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Ode;  y. 
Monogamy,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Gameo;  y. 
Monogram,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Gramma. 
Monologue,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Logos. 
Monopetalous,  (Gr.)  Monos,  Petalon;  ous. 
Monophyllous,  (Gr.)  Monos,  Phyllon;  ous. 
Monopolize,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Poleo  ;  ize. 
Monopoly,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Poleo;  y. 
Monostich,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Stichos. 
Monotheism,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Theos;  ism. 
Monotone,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Tonos. 
Monotony,  (Gr.)    Monos,  Tonos;  y. 
Monster.    Monstro;  er. 
Monstrous.    Monstro;  ous. 
Monument.    Moneo;  ment. 
Mood.    Modus. 
Morality.    Moris;  al,  ity. 
Moralize.    Moris  ;  al,  ize. 
Morbidly.    Morbus;  id,  ly. 
Moribund.    Moribundus. 
Morsel.    Morsum. 
Mortal.    Mortis;  al. 
Mortality.    Mortis;  al,  ity. 
Mortgage.    Mortis,  Gage,  a  pledge. 
Mortification.    Mortis,  Factum;  ion. 
Mortify.    Mortis;  fy. 
Motion.    Motum;  ion. 
Motor.    Motum;  or. 
Motory.    Motum;  ory. 
Mount.    Montis. 
Mountain.    Montis. 
Movable.    Moveo;  able. 
Movement.    Moveo;  ment. 
Multangular.    Multus,  Angulus;  ar. 
Multifarious.    Multus,  Fari  ;  ous. 
Multiform.    Multus,  Forma. 
Multiply.    Multus.  Plico. 
Multitude.    Multus;  tude. 
Mundane.    Mundus;  ane. 
Municipal.    Munus,  Capio;  al. 
Munificence.    Munus,  Facio;  ence. 
Munificent.    Munus,  Facio;  ent. 
Munition.    Munitum;  ion. 
Mural.    Murus;  al. 
Muriform.    Murus,  Forma. 
Muses.    Musa. 

Musician.    Musica;  (or  Musa;  ic,)  ian. 
Mutability.    Muto  ;  able,  ity. 
Mutilate.    Mutilus,  m 
Mutual.    Mutuus;  al. 


ty. 
d; 


Myopy,  (Gr.)    Myo,  Ops;  y. 
Myriad.  (Gr.)    Myriados. 
Mysterious,  (Gr.)    Mystikos;  ery,  ous. 
Mystic,  (Gr.)    Mystikos;  ic. 
Mysticism,  (Gr.)    Mystikos;  ic,  ism. 
Mythical,  (Gr. )    Mythos;  ical. 
Mythology,  (Gr.)    Mythos,  Logos;  y. 

Narcissus,  (Gr.)    Narke. 
Narcotic,  (Gr.)    Narke;  ic. 
Narration.    Narro;  ate,  ion. 
Nasal.    Nasus;  al. 


Nativity.    Natus;  ive,  ity. 
Natural.    Natus;  ure,  al. 
Naumachy,  (Gr.)    Naus,  Machomai;  y. 
Nauseous.  Nauta;  ous.  (L.  Nausea, sea 

sickness,  fr.  (Gr.)  Naus.) 
Nautical.    Nauta;  ical. 
Naval.    Navis;  al. 
Navigable.    Navis;  Ago,  able. 
Navigation.    Navis;  Ago,  ate,  ion. 
Navy.    Navis;  y. 

Necessitate.    Necesse,  needful ;  ate. 
Necrology,  (Gr.)    Nekros,  Logos;  y. 
Necromancy,  (Gr.)    Nekros,  Manteia;  y. 
Nefarious.    Nefarius;  ous. 
Negation.    Negatum;  ion. 
Neglect,  neg.    Lectum. 
Negligence,  neg.    Lego ;  ence. 
Negotiate,  neg.    Otium;  ate. 
Neology,  (Gr.)    Neos,  Logos;  y. 
Neophyte,  (Gr.)    Neos,  Phyton. 
Nervous.    Nervus,  a  sinew ;  ous. 
Neurology,  (Gr.)    Neuron,  Logos ;  y. 
Neurotic,  (Gr.)    Neuron;  ic. 
Neuter.    Neuter. 
Neutrality.    Neutrum  ;  al,  ity. 
Neutral.    Neutrum;  al. 
Nihility.    Nihil;  ity. 
Nitrogen,  (Gr.)    Nitron,  natron,  Genea. 
Nobility.    Nobilis;  ity. 
Noble.    Nobilis. 

Nocturnal.  Noctis;  al.    (L.  Nocturnus.) 
Nomadic,  (Gr.)    Nomados;  ic. 
Nominal.    Nominis;  al. 
Nominate.    Nominis;  ate. 
Nomination.    Nominis;  ate,  ion. 
Nonagon.    Novem,  nine ;  (Gr.)  Gonia. 
Nonentity,  non.    Entis;  ity. 
Normal.    Norma;  al. 
Nosology,  (Gr.)    Nosos,  Logos  ;  y. 
Notify.    Notum;fy. 
Notorious.    Notum;  ous. 
Nourish.    Nutrio;  ish. 
Novels.    Novus. 
Novice.    Novus. 
Noxious.    Noxius;  ous. 
Nucleus.    Nux. 
Nudity.    Nudus;  ity. 
Nuisance.    Noceo;  ance. 
Nullify.    Nullus;fy. 
Numbers.    Numerus. 
Numerical.    Numerus;  ical. 
Numismatics,  (Gr.)    Nomisma;  ics. 
Nuptials.    Nuptum;  al. 
Nurse.    Nutrio. 
Nutriment.    Nutrio;  ment. 
Nymph,  (Gr.)    Nympha. 

Obduracy,  ob.    Durus;  acy. 
Obdurate,  ob.    Durus;  ate. 
Obey,  ob.    Audio. 
Obedience,  ob.    Audio  ;  ence. 
Obelisk,  (Gr.)    Obeliskos. 
Obituary,  ob.    Itum;  ary. 
Object,  ob.    Jactum. 
Oblation,  ob.    Latum;  ion. 
Obligation,  ob.    Ligatum;  ion. 
Oblige,  ob.    Ligo. 
Obliterate,  ob.    Litera;  ate. 
Oblivion.    Oblivio;  ion. 
Obloquy,  ob.    Loquor;  y. 


308 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


Obnoxious,  ob.  Noxius;  ous. 
Obsequies,  ob.    Sequor ;  y. 
Obsequious,  ob.    Sequor;  y,ous. 
Observations,  ob.    Servatum;  ion. 
Observing,  ob.    Servo ;  ing. 
Obstacle,  ob.    Sto ;  cle. 
Obtain,  ob.     Teneo. 
Obtrude,  ob.     Trudo. 
Obtuse,  ob.     Tusum. 
Obviate,  ob.     Via ;  ate. 
Obviously,  ob.     Via;  ous,  ly. 
Occasion,  oc.    Casum;ion. 
Occupant,  oc.    Capio;  ant. 
Occupation,  oc.    Captum;  ion. 
Occupied,  oc.    Capio. 
Occurrence,  oc.    Curro ;  ence. 
Octagon,  (Gr.)    Okto,  Gonia. 
Octahedron,  (Gr.)    Okto,  Hedra. 
Octandria,  (Gr.)    Okto,  Andros. 
Octopetalous,  (Gr.)    Okto,  Petalon ;  ous. 
Octospermous,  (Gr.)    Okto,  Sperma;  ous. 
Ocular.    Oculus;  ar. 
Ode,  (Gr.)    Ode. 
Odious.    Odi;  ous. 
Odium.    Odi. 

Odontalgia,  (Gr.)    Odontos,  Algos. 
Odontalgic,  (Gr.)    Odontos,  Algos;  ic. 
Odor.    Odor. 

Offensive,  of.    Fensum;  ive. 
Officiate,  of.    Facio;  ate. 
Ointment.     Unctum;  ment. 
Olfactory.    Oleo,  Factum  ;  ory. 
Oligarchical,  (Gr.)    Oligos,  Arche;  ical 
Oligarchy,  (Gr.)    Oligos,  Arche;  y. 
Olympiad,  (Gr.)    Olympos. 
Olympic,  (Gr.)    Olympos;  ic. 
Omnipotent.    Omnis,  Potentis. 
Omnipresent.    Omnis;  pre.    Esse;  ent. 
Omniscient.    Omnis,  Scientia. 
Onerous.    Oneris;  ous. 
Onomatopoeia,  (Gr.)    Onoma,  Poieo. 
Operation.    Operis;  ate,  ion. 
Ophthalmia,  (Gr.)    Ophthalmos. 
Opinion.    Opinor;  ion. 
Opponent,  op.    Pono;  ent. 
Opportunity,  op.     Porto;  ity.     (L.  Op- 

portunus.) 

Oppress,  op.    Pressum. 
Optician,  (Gr.)    Optomai;  ic,  ian. 
Optics,  (Gr.)    Optomai;  ics. 
Option.    Opto;  ion. 
Oracle.    Oraculum,  an  oracle. 
Oration.    Oratum;  ion. 
Orator.    Oratum;  or. 
Orb.    Orbis. 
Orbit.    Orbita. 
Orbital.    Orbita;  al. 
Order.    Ordo. 

Ordinance.    Ordinis;  ance. 
Organs,  (Gr.)    Organon. 
Organization,  (Gr.)    Organon;  ize,ion. 
Oriental.    Orior;  ent,  al. 
Originality.    Originis ;  al,  ity. 
Originate.    Originis;  ate. 
Orison.    Oro. 

Ornament.    Ornatum;  ment. 
Ornate.    Ornatum. 

Ornithology,  (Gr.)    Ornithos,  Logos;  y. 
Ornithomancy,(Gr.)  Ornithos, Manteia;  y. 
Orphanage,  (Gr.)    Orphanos;  age. 


Orthodromics,  (Gr.)  Orthos,  Dromos ;  ics 
Orthodox,  (Gr.)     Orthos,  Doxa. 
Orthoepy,  (Gr.)    Orthos,  Epos ;  y. 
Orthography,  (Gr.)    Orthos,  Grapho;  y. 
Orthology,  (Gr.)    Orthos,  Logos;  y. 
Orthomfetry,  (Gr.)    Orthos,  Metron ;  y. 
Ossification.    Ossis,  Factum;  ion. 
Ostensible,  os.     Tensum ;  ible. 
Ostentation,  os.     Tcntum;  ion. 
Osteology,  (Gr.)    Ostcon.  Logos  ;  y. 
Ostracism,  (Gr.)     Ostrakon;  ism. 
Ostracize,  (Gr.)    Ostrakon ;  ize. 
Otacoustic,  (Gr.)    Otos,  Akouo ;  ic. 
Ouranography,(Gr.)  Ouranos,  Grapho;  >; 
Outrage.     Ultra. 
Oval.    Ovum;  al. 
Ovate.    Ovum ;  ate. 
Oxide,  (Gr.)    Oxys;  ide.    (Fr.  Acide.) 
Oxygen,  (Gr.)    Oxys,  Genea. 
Oxymel,  (Gr.)     Oxys,  Meli. 

Pachyderm,  (Gr.)    Pachys,  Derma. 

Pacification.    Pads.  Factum;  ion. 

Paganism.    Pagus ;  an,  ism. 

Painting.    Pingo;  ing. 

Paleograph,  (Gr.)    Paleos,  Grapho;  y. 

Palindrome,  (Gr.)    Palin,  Dromos. 

Pall.    Pallium. 

Palliative.    Pallium ;  ate,  ive. 

Palsy,  (Gr.)  para.    Lysis;  y. 

Panacea,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Akeo,  I  cure. 

Pandect,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Dechomai. 

Pandemonium,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Daimon. 

Panegyric,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Ayma. 

Panic,  (Gr.)    Pan;ic. 

Panoply,    (Gr.)    Pan,  Oplon;  y. 

Panorama,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Orama. 

Pantheism,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Theos;  ism. 

Pantheon,  (Gr.)    Pan,  Theos. 

Pantomime,  (Gr.)    Pantos,  Mimos. 

Paper,  (Gr.)    Papyros. 

Parable,  (Gr.)  para.    Boleo. 

Parabola,  Gr.)  para.    Boleo. 

Paraboloid,  (Gr.)  para.    Boleo,  Eidos, 

Paradise,  (Gr.)    Paradeisos. 

Paradox,  (Gr.)  para.    Doxa. 

Paragoge,  (Gr.)  para.    Agogeus. 

Parallax,  (Gr.)  para.    Allaxis. 

Parallel,  (Gr.)  para.    Allelon. 

Parallelogram,  (Gr.)  para.  Allelon,  Gram- 
ma. 

Parallelepiped,  (Gr.)  para.  Allelon  ;  epi. 
Pedon,  a  plain. 

Paralysis,  (Gr.)  para.    Lysis. 

Paralyze,  (Gr.)  para.    Lysis;  ize. 

Paramount,  per,  a  for  ad.    Montis. 

Parapet.    Paro,  Pectus. 

Paraphernalia,  (Gr.)  para.    Pherne. 

Paraphrase,  (Gr.)  para.    Phrasis. 

Paraselene,  (Gr.)  para.    Selene. 

Parasite,  (Gr.)  para.    Sitos. 

Parasitical,  (Gr.)  para.    Sitos;  ical. 

Parentage.    Pario;  ent,  age. 

Parenthesis,  (Gr.)  para,  en.    Thesis. 

Parhelion,  (Gr.)  para.    Helios. 

Parish,  (Gr.)  para.    Oikos. 

Parochial,  (Gr.)  para.    Oikos;  al. 

Parody,  (Gr.)  para.    Ode;  y. 

Paronomasia,  (Gr.)  para.    Onoma. 

Parotid,  (Gr.)  para.    Otos. 


KEY. 


309 


Paroxysm,  (Gr.)  para.    Oxys;  sm. 

Parricide.    Pater,  Cscdo. 

Part.    Partis. 

Participate.    Partis,  Capio;  ate. 

Particle.    Partis;  cle. 

Partisan.    Partis;  an. 

Partition,    Partis;  ion. 

Passionate.    Passus;  ion,  ate. 

Passive.    Passus;  ive. 

Pastor.    Pastum,  to  pasture ;  or. 

Paternal.    Pater;  al.    (L.  Paternus.) 

Paternoster,  (Gr.)   Pater.    L.  Noster,  our. 

Pathetic,  (Gr.)    Pathos;  ic. 

Pathology,  (Gr.)    Pathos,  Logos;  y. 

Pathos,  (Gr.)    Pathos. 

Patience.    Patior;  ence. 

Patriarch,  (Gr.)    Patros,  Arche. 

Patrician.    Patris;  ian. 

Patriot.    Patris. 

Patrimony.    Patris;  mony. 

Patronage.    Patris;  age. 

Patronymic,  (Gr.)    Patros,  Onyma;  ic. 

Pauperism.    Pauper;  ism. 

Peace.    Pads. 

Peculate.    Peculium;  ate. 

Peculiar.    Peculium;  ar. 

Pecuniary.    Pecunia ;  ary. 

Pedagogue,  (Gr.)    Paideia,  Agogeus. 

Pedant,  (Gr.)    Paideia;  ant. 

Peddler.    Pedis;  er.    (Pad,  to  go.  ?) 

Pedestrian.    Pedis;  ian. 

Pedobaptist,  (Gr.)    Paidos,  Bapto;  ist. 

Peer.    Par;  eer. 

Peerage.    Par;  eer,  age. 

Peloponnesus,  (Gr.)    Pelops,  the  Morea, 

News. 

Penalty.    Pcena;  al,  ty. 
Pendulum.    Pendeo. 
Penetration.    Penetro ;  ate,  ion. 
Peninsulas.    Pene,  Insula. 
Penitence.    Pceniteo;  ence. 
Penitentiary.    Pceniteo;  ent,  ary. 
Pension.    Pensum;  ion. 
Pentachord,  (Gr.)    Pente,  Chorde. 
Pentagon,  (Gr.)    Pente,  Gonia. 
Pentameter,  (Gr.)    Pente,  Metron. 
Pentarchy,  (Gr.)    Pente,  Arche;  y. 
Pentateuch,  (Gr.)    Pente,  Teuchos. 
Pentecost,  (Gr.)    Pentekoste. 
Penultimate.    Pene,  Ultimus;  ate. 
People.    Populus. 
Perambulate,  per.    Ambulo;  ate. 
Perceiving, per.    Capio;  ing. 
Perceptible,  per.     Captum;  ible. 
Peregrination,  per.    Agri;  ate,  ion. 
Peremptory,  per.     Emptum  ;  ory. 
Perennial,  per.    Annus;  al. 
Perfectly,  per.    Factum;  ly. 
Perfidy,  per.    Fido;  y. 
Performance,  per.    Forma;  ance. 
Perfumery,  per.    Fumus;  ery. 
Pericardium,  (Gr.)  peri.    Kardia. 
Perihelion,  (Gr)  peri.    Helios. 
Perimeter,  (Gr)  peri.    Metron. 
Period,  (Gr.)  peri.    Odos. 
Periosteum,  (Gr.)  peri.    Osteon. 
Peripatetic,  (Gr.)  peri.    Pateo;  ic. 
Periphery,  (Gr.)  peri.    Phero;  y. 
Periphrase,  (Gr.)  peri.    Phrasis. 
Periscii,  (Gr.)  peri.    Sk-ia. 


Perish,  per.    Hum. 
Peristaltic,  peri.    Stello;  ic. 
Perjury,  per.    Juro;  y. 
Permanent,  per.    Mdneo ;  ent. 
Permeate,  per.    Meo;  ate. 
Permission,  per.    Missum;  ion. 
Peroration,  per.    Oratum;  ion. 
Perpendicular,  per.    Pendeo ;  ar. 
Perplexity,  per.    Plcxum  ;  ity. 
Perquisites,  per.    Quscsitum. 
Persecution,  per.    Secutus;  ion. 
Perseverance,  per.    Severus;  ance, 
Persistent,  per.    Sisto  ;  ent. 
Personate.    Persona;  ate. 
Perspicuity,  per.    Specio;  ity. 
Persuade  per.    Suadeo. 
Pertinacious,  per.     Teneo;  acious. 
Pertinacity,  per.     Teneo ;  ity. 
Pertinent,  per.     Teneo  ;  ent. 
Perturbation,  per.     Turba;  ion. 
Peruse,  per.     Visum. 
Pervade,  per.     Vado. 
Perversion,  per.     Versum ;  ion. 
Pervert,  per.     Verio. 
Pestiferous.    Pestis,  Fero  ;  ous. 
Petal,  (Gr.)    Petalon. 
Petrifaction,  (Gr.)     Petra,  L.  Factum; 

ion. 

Petrify,  (Gr.)    Petra  ;  fy. 
Petulant.    Petulantis. 
Phantom,  (Gr.)    Phono. 
Pharmaceutic,  (Gr.)    Pharmakon;  ic. 
Pharmacopoeia,  (Gr.)  Pharmakon,  Poieo. 
Pharmacy,  (Gr.)    Pharmakon;  y. 
Phase,  (Gr.)    Phano. 
Phenix,  (Gr.)    Phoenix  or  Phoinix. 
Phenomenon,  (Gr.)    Phano. 
Philanthropy,     (Gr.)      Philos,     Anthro- 

pos;  y. 

Philology,  (Gr.)    Philos,  Logos;  y. 
Philomath,  (Gr.)    Philos,  Mathema. 
Philomela,  (Gr.)    Philos,  Melos. 
Philosophy,  (Gr.)    Philos,  Sophia;  y. 
Phlebotomy,  (Gr.)    Phlcbos,  Tomos  ;  y. 
Phlegm.  (Gr.)    Phlegma. 
Phlegmatic,  (Gr.)    Phlegma;  ic. 
Phlogiston,  (Gr.)    Phlegma. 
Phonics,  (Gr.)    Phone;  ics. 
Phosphate,  (Gr.)    Phos.  (Gr.)  ate. 
Phosphorescent,    (Gr.)       Phos,    Phcro; 

escent. 

Photography,  (Gr.)    Photos,  Grapho;  y. 
Photometer,  (Gr.)    Photos,  Metron. 
Phraseology,  (Gr.)    Phrasis,  Logos;  y. 
Phrenology,  (Gr.)    Phren,  Logos;  y. 
Phyllophorous,  (Gr.)      Phyllon,  Phero; 

ous. 

Physical,  (Gr.)    Physis;  ic,  al. 
Physician,  (Gr.)    Physis;  ic,  ian. 
Physiognomy,  (Gr.)  Physis,  Gnomon;  y. 
Physiology,  (Gr.)    Physis,  Logos;  y.   . 
Phytology,  (Gr.)    Phyton,  Logos;  y. 
Pict.    Pictum. 

Picturesque.    Pictum  ;  ure,  esque. 
Piety.    Pius;  ety. 
Pilfer.    Pilo,  Facio. 
Pilgrim,  per.    Agri. 
Pillage.    Pilo,  age. 
Piracy,  (Gr.)    Peirates;  acy. 
Placid.    Placeo;  id. 


310 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Plane.    Planus. 

Planet,  (Gr.)    Plane. 

Planisphere,  L.  Planus,  (Gr.)    Sphaira. 

Plant.    Planta. 

Planifolious.    Planus,  Folium  ;  ous. 

Plantation.    Plantatum;  ion. 

Plastic,  (Gr.)    Plasso;  ic. 

Platonic,  (Gr.)    Platon  ;  ic. 

Plausible.    Plausum;  ible. 

Pleasure.    Placeo;  ure. 

Plebeian.    Plebs;  ion. 

Plenary.    Plenus;  ary. 

Plenipotentiary.     Plenus,  Potentis;  ary. 

Plentiful.    Plenus;  tyjul. 

Pleonasm.    Pleo;  asm. 

Pleurisy,  (Gr.)    Pleura;  y. 

Pliant.    Plico;  ant. 

Plumbago.    Plumbum.    (L.  Plumbago.) 

Plurality.    Pluris;  al,  ity. 

Pneumonia,  (Gr.)    Pneumon. 

Poem,  (Gr.)    Poieo. 

Poesy,  (Gr.)    Poieo;  y. 

Polarization.    Polus;  ar,  ize,  ion. 

Polemic,  (Gr.)    Polernos;  ic. 

Police,  (Gr.)    Polis. 

Policy,  (Gr.)    Polis;  y. 

Politeness.     Politum    (or   Gr.  Politeia); 

Political.  (Gr.)   Politeia ;  ical. 
Polyadelphia,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Adelphos. 
Polyanthus,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Anthos. 
Polygamy,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Gameo;  y. 
Polygenous,  (Gr.)    Poly,Genea;  ous. 
Polyglot,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Glotta. 


Polygon,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Gonia. 

Polyhedron,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Hedra. 

Polypetalous,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Petalon;  ous. 

Polypus,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Pous. 

Polyspermous,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Sperma;  ous. 

Polysyllable,  (Gr.)    Poly;  syl.    Labo. 

Polytheism,  (Gr.)    Poly,  Theos;  ism. 

Pomegranate.    Pomum.  Granum. 

Pomological.  Pomum,  Gr.  Logos;  ical. 

Pomp,  (Gr.)    Pompe. 

Pomposity,  (Gr.)    Pompe  ;  ous,  ity. 

Ponderous.    Pondus ;  ous. 

Pontiff.    Pontis,  Facio. 

Pontoon.    Pontis. 

Poor.    Pauper. 

Pope,  (Gr.)    Papas. 

Populace.    Populus. 

Population.    Populus;  ate,  ion. 

Porch.    Porto. 

Porphyritic  (Gr.)    Porphyra;  ic. 

Portal.    Porto  ;  al. 

Portend,  por.    Tendo. 

Portentous,  por.    Tentum;  ous. 

Portfolio.    Porto,  Folium. 

Portico.    Porto. 

Portmanteau.    Porto,  Manus. 

Portray,  por.     Traho. 

Positively.    Positum;  ive,  ly. 

Possess,  po,  an  inseparable  preposition 

denoting  power.    Sessum. 
Possibility.    Posse;  ible,  ity. 
Post-diluvian,  post.    JDUuvium ;  an. 
Posterity.    Posterns;  ity. 
Postpone,  post.    Pono. 
Posture.    Positum;  ure. 
Potentate.    Potentis;  ate. 


Potential.    Potentis;  al. 
Potion.    Poto,  I  drink ;  ion. 
Powder.    Pulveris. 
Power.    Posse. 

Practicable,  (Gr.)    Praktos;  ice,  able. 
Pragmatic,  (Gr.)    Pragma;  ic. 
Praise.    Precium. 
Prayer.    Precor;  er. 
Preadmonish,  pre,  ad.    Moneo  ;  ish. 
Preamble,  pre.    Ambulo. 
Precarious.    Precor;  ous. 
Precaution,  pre.    Cautum;  ion. 
Precedent,  pre.    Cedo  ;  ent. 
Preceptor,  pre.    Captum  ;  or. 
Precinct,  pre.    Cinctum. 
Precious.    Precium;  ous. 
Precipice,  pre.    Caput. 
Precipitate,  pre.    Capitis;  ate. 
Precise,  pre.    Csesum. 
Precision,  pre.    Csesum;  ion. 
Preclude,  pre.    dudo. 
Preconcert,  pre,  con.    Certo. 
Precursor,  pre.    Cur  sum;  or. 
Predatory.    Prseda;  ory. 
Predecessor,  pre,  de.    Cessum;  or. 
Predicable,  pre.    Dico  ;  able. 
Predict,  pre.    Dictum. 
Predominate,  pre.    Dominus;  ate. 
Preface,  pre.    Fari. 
Preferable,  pre.    Fero ;  able. 
Prejudice,  pre.    Judico. 
Prejudicial,  pre.    Judico;  al. 
Preliminary,  pre.    Liminis;  ary. 
Premature,  pre.    Maturus. 
Premeditate,  pre.    Meditor ;  ate. 
Premonitory,  pre.    Monitum ;  ory. 
Prepare,  pre.    Paro. 
Prepense,  pre.    Pensum. 
Preposterous,  pre.    Posterns;  ous. 
Prerogative,  pre.    Rogatum ;  ive. 
Presage,  pre.    Sagacis. 
Presbyterian,  (Gr.)    Presbyteros;  ian. 
Prescribe,  pre.    Scribo. 
Presence,  pre.    Esse;  ence. 
Present,  pre.    Esse;  ent. 
Preservation,  pre.    Sewatum;  ion. 
Presidency,  pre.    Sedeo;  ency. 
Pressure.    Pressum;  ure. 
Presumption,  pre.    Sumptum;  ion. 
Pretension,  pre.  Tensum    ion. 
Pretext,  pre.     Textum. 
Prevail,  pre.     Valeo. 
Prevaricate,  pre.     Varico;  ate. 
Preventive,  pre.     Ventum;  ive. 
Previously,  pre.     Via;  ous,  ly. 
Prey.    Prseda;  y. 
Price.    Precium. 
Primacy.    Primus;  acy. 
Primeval.    Primus,  JEvum;  al. 
Primogeniture.    Primus.  Genitum;  ure 
Primroses.    Primus,  Rosa,  a  rose. 
Prince.    Primus,  Capio. 
Principle.    Primus,  Capio. 
Print.    Premo. 
Priority.    Prior;  ity. 
Prismoid.  (Gr.)    Prisma,  Eidos. 
Prisoner.    Prehensum;  er. 
Privacy.    Privus;  acy. 
Privateer.    Privus;  ate,  eer. 
Privilege.    Privus,  Legis. 


KEY. 


311 


Prize.    Prehendo.    (Fr.  Prise,  taken.) 
Prize.    Precium;  ize. 
Probable.    Probo;  able. 
Probation.    Probatum;  ion. 
Probity.    Probo;  ity. 
Problematical,  (Gr.)  pro.    Boleo;  ical. 
Procedure,  pro.  Cedo;  ure. 
Proclamation,  pro.    Clamatum  ;  ion. 
Proclivity,  pro.     Clivus;  ity. 
Procrastinate,  pro.    Oras;  ate. 
Procurement,  pro.    Cura ;  ment. 
Prodigal.    Prodigium;  al. 
Prodigy.    Prodigium;  y. 
Production,  pro.    Ductum;  ion. 
Profane,  pro.    Fanum. 
Profess,  pro.    Fessum. 
Proffer,  pro,  of.    Fero. 
Proficiency,  pro.    Facio ;  ency. 
Profligate,  pro.    Fligo ;  ate. 
Profound,  pro.    Fundus. 
Profundity,  pro.    Fundus;  ity. 
Profusion,  pro.    Fusum;  ion. 
Progenitor,  pro.    Gemtum;  or. 
Prognosticate.  (Gr.)  pro.    Gnostos;  ate. 
Programme,  (Gr.)  pro.    Gramma. 
Progress,  pro.    Gressus. 
Prohibit,  pro.    Habeo. 
Prolepsis,  (Gr.)  pro.    Lepsis. 
Prologue,  (Gr.)  pro.    Logos. 
Prominent,  pro.    Mineo  ;  ent. 
Promiscuous,  pro.    Misceo  ;  ous. 
Promising,  pro.    Missum;  ing. 
Promotion,  pro.    Mbtum;  ion. 
Promptitude.    Promptus;  tude. 
Pronounce,  pro.    Nuncio. 
Proof.    Probo. 

Propensity,  pro.    Pensum;  ity. 
Proper.    Proprius. 
Property.    Proprius;  ty. 
Prophesy,  (Gr.)  pro.    Phano;  y. 
Prophet,  (Gr.)  pro.    Phano. 
Proportion,  pro.    Portio ;  ion. 
Proposition,  pro.    Positum  ;  ion. 
Proprietor.    Proprius;  or. 
Prorogue,  pro.    Rogo. 
Prosecute,  pro.    Secutus. 
Proselyte,  (Gr.)    Proselytos. 
Prosody,  (Gr.)    Pros,  to,  Ode;  y. 
Prosopopoeia,  (Gr.)    Prosopon,  Poieo. 
Prospect,  pro.    Spectum. 
Prosperity,  pro.    Spero  ;  ity. 
Prosthesis,  (Gr.)  pros,  to.     Thesis. 
Prostration,  pro.    Stratum;  ion. 
Protectorate,  pro.    Tectum  ;  or,  ate. 
Protestant,  pro.     Testis  ;  ant. 
Prothonotary,  (Gr.)  Protos,  L.  Nota;  ary. 
Protocol,  (Gr.)    Protos,  Kolla,  glue. 
Protomartyr,  (Gr.)    Protos,  Martyr. 
Protoplast,  (Gr.)    Protos,  Plasso. 
Prototype,  (Gr.)    Protos,  Typos. 
Protract.    Pro,  Tractum. 
Protrude.    Pro,  Trudo. 
Prove.    Probo. 
Proverb,  pro.     Verbum. 
Provide,  pro.     Video. 
Providence, pro.     Video;  ence, 
Province,  pro.     Vinco. 
Provision,  pro.     Visum;  ion. 
Proviso,  pro.     Visum. 
Provocation,  pro.     Vocatum;  ion. 


Provoke,  pro.     Voco. 

Proximity.    Proximus;  ity. 

Proxy,  pro.    Cura;  y.    (L.  Procuracy.) 

Prudent, pru.     Video;  ent. 

Psalmody, (Gr.)    Psalma,  Ode;  y. 

Psaltery,  (Gr.)    Psalma;  ery. 

Pseudo-apostle,    (Gr.)      Pseudos;    apo. 

Stello. 

Pseudonym,  (Gr.)    Pseudo,  Onyma. 
Psvchology,  (Gr.)  .Psyche,  Logos;  y. 
Publicity.    Publicus;  'ity. 
Publish.    Publicus;  ish. 
Puerility.    Puer;  ile,ity. 
•Pugilist.    Pugil;  ist. 
Pugnacious.    Pugna;  acious. 
Puissant.    Posse;  ant. 
Pulmonary.    Pulmonis ;  ary. 
Pulverization.    Pulveris ;  ize,  ion. 
Punctuation.    Punctum ;  ate,  ion. 
Puncture.    Punctum;  ure. 
Pungent.    Pungo;  ent. 
Punishment.    Punio;  ish,  ment. 
Punitive.    Punitum;  ive. 
Pure.    Purus. 
Puritan.    Purus;  an. 
Purport,  pur.    Porto. 
Purpose,  pur.    Positum. 
Pursue,  pur.    Secutus. 
Pursuit,  pur.    Secutus. 
Pusillanimity.    Pusillus,  Animus;  ity. 
Pygmean,  (Gr.)    Pygme;  an. 
Pyre,  (Gr.)    Pyr. 
Pyrites,  (Gr.)    Pyr;Gr.ite. 
Pyrolatry,  (Gr.)    Pyr,  Latreia;  y. 
Pyroligneous,  (Gr.)    Pyr, Lignum;  ous. 
Pyrometer,  (Gr.)    Pyr,  Metron. 
Pyrotechnic,  (Gr.)    Pyr,  Techne. 

Quadrangle.    Quadra,  Angidus. 
Quadrilateral.    Quadra,  Lateris;  al. 
Quadrumane.    Quadra,  Manus. 
Quadruped.    Quadra,  Pedis. 
Qualify.    Qualis ;  fy. 
Quarantine.     Quadra;  ine.    (Fr.  Qua- 

rante,  forty.) 
Quantity.    Quantus;  ity. 
Quarrel.    Queror. 
Quart.     Quadra. 
Quartan.    Quadra. 
Querulous.    Queror;  ous. 
Query.    Qusero  ;  y. 
Question.    Qusssitum;  ion. 
Quiescence.    Quies;  escence. 
Quietude.    Quietis;  ude. 
Quinquedentate.    Quinque,  Dentis;  ate 
Quintessence.    Quinta,  JEsse;  ence. 
Quintillion.    Quinta,  Mille;  ion. 
Quorum.    Quot. 
Quotidian.    Quot,  Dies;  an. 

Rabid.    Rabies;  id. 
Radiance.    Radius;  ance. 
Radically.    Radicis  ;  al,  ly. 
Rancorous.    Ranceo;  or,  ous. 
Rapacity.    Rapio ;  ity. 
Rapacious.    Rapio ;  acious. 
Rapidly.    Rapio;  id,  ly. 
Rapine.    Rapio;  ine. 
Rarefy.    Rarus;  fy. 
Ratification.    Ratus,  Factum ;  ion. 


312 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


Rational.    Ratus;  ion,  al. 
Ravage.    Rapio. 
Ravish.    Rapio;  ish. 
Rays.    Radius. 
Raze.    Rasum. 
Reality.    Res;  al,  ity. 
Reason.    Ratus. 
Rebellion,  re.    Bellum  ;  ion. 
Recantation,  re.    Cantatum;  ion. 
Recapitulate,  re.    Capitulum;  ate. 
Receipt,  re.    Captum. 
Receive,  re.    Capio. 
Recently.     Recentis;  ly. 
Receptacle,  re.    Captum;  cle. 
Recharter,  re.     Charta. 
Recipe,  re.    Capio. 
Recipient,  re.    Capio;  ent. 
Recitation,  re.     Citatum;  ion. 
Reclaim,  re.    Clamo. 
Recline,  re.    Clino. 
Recognize,  re,  co.    Nosco ;  ize. 
Recommend,  re,  corn.    Mando. 
Recompense,  re,  com.    Pensum. 
Reconcile,  re.    Concilium. 
Reconnoiter,  re,  con.    Notum. 
Record,  re.    Cordis. 
Recourse,  re.    Cursum. 
Recriminate,  re.    Cnminis;  ate. 
Rectangular.    Rectus,  Angulus  ;  or. 
Rectilineal.    Rectus,  Linea;  al. 
Rectitude.    Rectus;  tude. 
Recumbent,  re.    Gumbo ;  ent 
Redeem,  red.    Emo. 
Redolent,  red.    Oleo  ;  ent. 
Redundant,  red.     Unda;  ate. 
Reference,  re.    Fero  ;  ence. 
Reflect,  re.    Flecto. 
Reformation,  re.    Forma;  ion. 
Refraction,  re.    Fractum;  ion. 
Refrigerate,  re.    Frigoris;  ate. 
Refugee,  re.    Fugio ;  ee. 
Refulgence,  re.    Fulgeo  ;  ence. 
Regal.    Rego;  al. 
Regalia.    Rego;  al. 
Regent.    Rego;  ent. 
Regimen.    Rego. 
Regulate.    Regula;  ate. 
Reiterate,  re.    Itero  ;  ate. 
Relaxation,  re.    Laxus;  ion. 
Relevant,  re.    Levo;  ant. 
Relic,  re.    Lictum. 
Relief,  re.    Levo. 
Relieve,  re.    Levo. 
Religion,  re.    Ligo;  ion. 
Relinquish,  re.    Linquo  ;  ish. 
Reluctant,  re.    Luctor ;  ant. 
Remain,  re.    Maneo. 
Remedial,  re.    Medeor  ;  al. 
Remember,  re.    Memor. 
Reminiscence,  re.    Memini;  escence. 
Remonstrance,  re.    Monstro;  ance. 
Remorse,  re.    Morsum. 
Remote,  re.    Motum. 
Removal,  re.    Moveo;  al. 
Render,  ren.    Do. 
Renegade,  re.    Nego. 
Rendition,  re.    Datum ;  ion. 
Renounce,  re.    Nuncio. 
Renovate,  re.    Novus;  ate. 
Eeparation,  re.    Paratum ;  ion. 


Repeal,  re.    Pello. 
Repeat,  re.    Petitum. 
Repent,  re.   Pozniteo. 
Repetition,  re.    Petitum  ;  ion. 
Replete,  re.    Pletum. 
Reply,  re.    Plico. 
Report,  re.    Porto. 
Repose,  re.    Positum. 
Reprehensible,  re.    Prehensum;  ible. 
Represent,  re,  pre.    Esse  ;  ent. 
Representative,  re,  pre.    Esse  ;  ent,  ive. 
Reprove,  re.    Probo. 
Reptile.    Reptum;  He. 
Repugnance,  re.    Pugna  ;  ance. 
Repulsive,  re.    Pulsum  ;  ive. 
Reputation,  re.    Putatum;  ion. 
Request,  re     Qusesitum. 
Requiem,  re.    Quies. 
Require,  re.    Qusero. 
Requisite,  re.    Qusesitum. 
Resemblance,  re.     Similis;  ance.    (Fr 

Sembler,  to  appear.) 
Resent,  re.    Sentio. 
Reservoir,  re.    Servo. 
Reside,  re.    Sedeo. 
Residue,  re.    Sedeo. 
Resign,  re.    Signum. 
Resin,  (Gr.)    Rheo. 
Resistance,  re.    Sisto ;  ance. 
Resolution,  re.    Solutum;  ion. 
Resolve,  re.    Solvo. 
Resonant,  re.    Sonus;  ant. 
Respectable,  re.    Spectum ;  able. 
Resplendent,  re.    Splendeo  ;  ent. 
Responsible,  re.    Sponsum;  ible. 
Restitution,  re.    Sisto,  or  Statum  ;  ion. 
Restive,  re.    Sto  ;  ive. 
Restrain,  re.    Stringo. 
Restriction,  re.    Strictum  ;  ion. 
Result,  re.    Saltum. 
Resurrection,  re.    Surrectum;  ion. 
Resuscitate,  re,  sus.    Cito ;  ate. 
Retentive,  re.     Tentum;  ive. 
Retort,  re.     Tortum. 
Retribution,  re.     Tributum;  ion. 
Retrograde,  retro.    Gh-adior. 
Retrospect,  retro.    Spectum. 
Reveal,  re.     Veto. 
Revelation,  re.     Veto;  ion. 
Revenge,  re.     Vindex. 
Revenue,  re.  Venio.  (Fr.  Venue,  come.) 
Revere,  re.     Vereor. 
Reverend,  re.     Vereor. 
Reverential,  re.     Vereor;  ent,  al. 
Reverse,  re.     Versum. 
Revert,  re.     Verto. 
Reviewer,  re.     Video ;  er. 
Revive,  re.     Vivo. 
Revoke,  re.     Voco. 
Revolt,  re.     Volutum.. 
Revolution,  re.     Volutum;  ion. 
Revolve,  re.     Volvo. 
Rhapsodical,  (Gr.)    Rhapto,  Ode  ;  ical. 
Rhapsody,  (Gr.)    Rhapto,  Ode;  y. 
Rhetoric,  (Gr.)    Rhetor;  ic. 
Rheum,  (Gr.)    Rheuma. 
Rheumatism,  (Gr.)    Rheuma ;  ism. 
Rhinoceros,  (Gr.)   Rhin,  the  nose,  Keras 
Rhomb,  (Gr.)    Rhombos. 
Rhomboid,  (Gr.)    Rhombos,  Eidos, 


KEY. 


313 


Rhyme,  (Gr.)    Rhythmos. 

Rhythm,  (Gr.)    Rhythmos. 

Ridiculous.    Rideo;  ous.  (L.  Ridiculus.) 

Rigid.    Rigeo;  id. 

Rigorous.    Rigeo ;  or,  ous. 

Riparian.    Ripa,  a  bank ;  ar,  ian. 

Risible.    Risum;  ible. 

Rival.    Rivus. 

River.    Rivus. 

Rivulet.    Rivus;  let. 

Robust.    Robur. 

Roman.    Roma,  Rome;  an. 

Roseate.    -Rosa;  ate. 

Rotary.    Rota;  ary. 

Rotunda.    Rota.    (L.  Rotundus,  round.) 

Rotundity.    Rota;  ity. 

Royalty.    Rego;  al,  ty.    (Fr.  Roi,  king.) 

Rudeness.    Rudis ;  ness. 

Rudiments.    Rudis;  ment. 

Rule.    Regula. 

Ruminant.    Ruminis;  ant. 

Rumor.    Rumor. 

Rural.    Ruris;  al. 

Rustic.    Rus ;  ic.    (L.  Rusticus.) 

Rusticate.    Rus;  ic,  ate. 

Saccharine.    Saccharum;  ine. 

Sacerdotal.    Sacer,  Dotis;  al. 

Sacrament.    Sacri,  ment. 

Sacred.    Sacri. 

Sacrifice.    Sacri,  Facio. 

Sacrilege.    Sacri,  Lego. 

Safer.    Salus;  er. 

Sagacious.    Sagax;  adous. 

Sagacity.    Sagacis;  ity. 

Sage.    Sagax.    (L.  Sapio  ?) 

Saint.    Sanctus. 

Salary.   Sal;  ary.    (L. Salarium, money 

for  salt.) 

Salient.    Salio;  ent. 
Saline.    Sal;  ine. 
Sally.    Salio;  y. 
Salt.    Sal. 

Saltpetre.    Sal.    Gr.  Petra. 
Salubrity.    Salubris;  ity. 
Salutary.    Salutis;  ary. 
Salutatory.    Salutis;  ory. 
Salvation.    Salus;  ion.    (L.  Salvus.) 
Sample.    Exemplum. 
Sanative.    Sanus;  ive. 
Sanctify.    Sanctus  ;  fy. 
Sanctimonious.    Sanctus;  many,  ous. 
Sanctuary.    Sanctus;  ary. 
Sanguinary.    Sanguis  ;  ine,  ary. 
Sanguine.    Sanguis;  ine. 
Sanity.    Sanus;  ity. 
Saponaceous.    Saponis;  aceous. 
Sarcasm,  (Gr.)    Sarkos;  asm. 
Sarcastic,  (Gr.)    Sarkos;  ic. 
Sarcophagus,  (Gr.)    Sarkos,  Phago. 
Sarcophagy,  (Gr.)    Sarkos,  Phago;  y. 
Satiate.    Satis;  ate. 
Satiety.    Satis;  ety. 
Satisfactory.    Satis,  Factum  ;  ory. 
Saturate.    Satur;  ate. 
Savor.    Sapio;  or. 
Savory.    Sapio;  ory. 
Scald,  ex.    Caleo;  id. 
Scale.    Scala. 
Scalene,  (Gr.)    Skalenos. 

27 


Scan.    Scando. 

Scarify,  (Gr.)    Skariphos;  fy. 

Scenery,  (Gr.)    Skene;ery. 

Scenography,  (Gr.)    Skene.  Grapho;  y. 

Scent.    Sentio. 

Scepter,  (Gr.)    Skeptron. 

Scheme,  (Gr.)    Schema. 

Schismatic,  (Gr.)    Schisma;  ic. 

Scholar,  (Gr.)    Schote;  ar. 

Scholasticism,  (Gr.)    Schole;  ic,  ism. 

Scholium,  (Gr.)    Schole. 

Scho9l,  (Gr.)    Schole. 

Sciatica.    Sciatica. 

Science.    Scio ;  ence. 

Scientific.    Scientia,  Facio. 

Scope,  (Gr.)    Skopeo. 

Scoptic,  (Gr.)    Skopto ;  ic. 

Scribbling.    Scribo  ;  ing. 

Scripture.    Scriptum ;  ure. 

Sculptor.    Sculptum;  or. 

Secession,  se.    Cessum;  ion. 

Seclude,  se.    (Judo. 

Seclusion,  se.    Clusum;ion. 

Secret,  se.    Cretum. 

Secretary,  se.    Cretum;  ary. 

Secrete,  se.    Cretum. 

Section.    Sectum;  ion. 

Secular.    Seculum;  ar. 

Security,  se.    Cura;  ity. 

Sedate.    Sedatus. 

Sedentary.    Sedeo ;  ary. 

Sedition,  se.    Hum;  ion. 

Sedulous.    Sedeo;  ous. 

Segregate,  se.    Gregis ;  ate. 

Select,  se.    Lectum. 

Selenite,  (Gr.)    Selene;  Gr.  ite. 

Selenography,  (Gr.)    Selene,  Grapho  ;  y. 

Semi-diameter,  (Gr.)  semi,  dia.    Metron. 

Seminary.    Seminis;  ary. 

Semitone,  (Gr.)  semi.    Tonos. 

Senate.    Senex.    (L.  Senatus.) 

Senior.    Senex;  or.    (L.  Senior.) 

Sensible.    Sensum;  ible. 

Sentence.    Sentio;  ence. 

Sententious.    Sentio ;  ence.  ous. 

Sentimental.    Sentio ;  ment,  al. 

Separable,  se.    Paro  ;  able. 

Separation,  se.    Paro  ;  ate,  ion. 

September.    Septem. 

Septennial.    Septem,  Annus;  al. 

Sepulchre.    Sepulchrum. 

Sequel.    Sequor. 

Sermon.    Sermonis. 

Serpentine.    Serpo  ;  ent,  ine. 

Servant.    Servio;  ant. 

Servitude.    Servio;  tude. 

Session.    Sessum;  ion. 

Several,  se.    Paro ;  al. 

Severer.    Severus;  er. 

Severity.    Severus;  ity. 

Sexagenarian.    Sexaginta ;  ian. 

Sideroscope,  (Gr.)    Sideros,  Skopeo. 

Siege.    Sedeo. 

Sign.    Signum. 

Signal.    Signum;  al. 

Similarity.    Similis ;  ar,  ity. 

Similitude.    Similis ;  tude. 

Simplicity,  sine.    Plico ;  ity. 

Simultaneous.    Simul;  ous. 

Sinecure,  sine.    Cura. 


314 


A    MANUAL    OF  ETYMOLOGY. 


Single.    Singulus. 

Sinister.    Sinister. 

Siphon,  (Gr.)    Siphon. 

Skeptic,  (Gr.)    Skeptomai;  ic. 

Soap.    Sapo. 

Sobriety,  sine.    Ebrius;  ety. 

Sociable.    Socius;  able. 

Socratic,  (Gr.)    Sokrates;  ic. 

Solace.    Solor;  ace. 

Solar.    Sol;  ar. 

Soldiery.    Solidus;  ier,  y. 

Solecism,  (Gr.)    Soloikos;  ism. 

Solidity.    Solidus;  ity. 

Soliloquy.    Solus,  Loquor;  y. 

Solitary.    Solus;  ary. 

Solitude.    Solus;  tude. 

Solstice.    Sol,Sto;ice. 

Soluble.    Solutum;  ble. 

Solution.    Solutum;  ion. 

Solvency.    Solvo;  ency. 

Somnambulist.    Somnus,  Ambulo;  ist. 

Sonorous.    Sonus;  ous. 

Sophistry,  (Gr.)    Sophia;  ist,  ry. 

Sordid.    Sordidus. 

Sororicide.    Soror,  a  sister ;  Csedo. 

Sound.    Sonus. 

Source.    Surgo. 

Sovereign.    Super,  Rego. 

Space.    Spatium.. 

Sparsedly.    Spar  sum;  ly. 

Spasmodic,  (Gr.)    Spao,  Eidos;  ic. 

Specific.    Specie,  Facio. 

Specimen.    Specio. 

Specious.    Specio;  ous. 

Spectator.    Spectum;  or. 

Specter.    Spectum;  er. 

Specifies.    Specio  ;  fy. 

Speculate.    Specio;  ate.    (L.  Speculor.) 

Spherical,  (Gr.)    Sphaira;  ical. 

Sphericity,  (Gr.)    Sphaira;  ity. 

Spheroid,  (Gr.)    Sphaira,  Eidos. 

Spirit.    Spiro.    (L.  Spiritus.) 

Spiritual.    Spiro;  al.    (L.  Spiritus.) 

Spleen,  (Gr.)    Splen. 

Splendid.    Splendeo;  id. 

Splendor.    Splendeo;  or. 

Splenetic,  (Gr.)    Splen;  ic. 

Spoliation.    Spolium;  ion. 

Spondee,  (Gr.)    Spondeios. 

Squadron,  ex.    Quadra. 

Square,  ex.    Quadra. 

Stability.    Sto;  able,  ity. 

Staid.    Sto. 

Statement.    Statum;  ment. 

Stationary.    Statum;  ion,  ary. 

Stature.    Statum;  ure. 

Stay.    Sto. 

Steganography,  (Gr.)  Steganos,  Grapho;y. 

Stenographic,  (Gr.)     Stenos,  Orapho;  ic. 

Stereoscope,  (Gr.)    Stereos,  Skopeo. 

Stereotype,  (Gr.)    Stereos,  Typos. 

Stethoscope,  (Gr.)    Stethos,  Skopeo. 

Stigma,  (Gr.)    Stigma. 

Stigmatize.  (Gr.)    Stigmatos^;  ize. 

Stipulation.    Stipula;  ate,  ion. 

Stoicism,  (Gr.)    Stoa;  ic,  ism. 

Stomach,  (Gr.)    Stomachos. 

Stomatic,  (Gr.)    Stoma,  a  mouth ;  ic. 

Story,  (Gr.)    Historia. 

Strain.    String o. 


Strait.    Stringo. 
Strange.    Extra. 
Strata.    Stratum. 
Stratagem,  (Gr.)    Stratos.    Ago. 
Stratum.    Stratum. 
Strenuous.    Strenuus;  ous. 
Strict.    Strictum. 
Stricture.    Strictum;  ure. 
Student,    Studeo;  ent. 
Stygian,  (Gr.)    Stygos;  ian. 
Styliform,  (Gr.)    Stylos.    L.  Forma. 
Styloid,  (Gr.)    Stylos,  Eidos. 
Suavity.    Suavis;  ity. 
Subacid,  sub.    A  ceo;  id. 
Subaltern,  sub.    Alternus. 
Subject,  sub.    Jactum. 
Subjugate,  sub.    Jugum;  ate. 
Subjunctive,  sub.    Junctum;  ive. 
Submission,  sub.    Missum;  ion. 
Subordinate,  sub.    Ordinis;  ate. 
Suborn,  sub.    Orno. 
Subpoena,  sub.    Pcena. 
Subsequent,  sub.    Sequor;  ent. 
Subservient,  sub.    Servio ;  ent. 
Subsidiary,  sub.    Sedeo;  ary. 
Subsidize,  sub.    Sedeo ;  ize. 
Subsistence,  sub.    Sisto;  ence. 
Substance,  sub.    Sto;  ance. 
Substantial,  sub.    Sto  ;  al. 
Substitute,  sub.    Statum. 
Subterfuge,  subter.    Fugio. 
Subterranean,  sub.    Terra;  can. 
Subversive,  sub.     Versum;  ive. 
Subvert,  sub.     Verio. 
Successive,  sue.    Cessum;  ive. 
Succinct,  sue.     Cinctum. 
Succor,  sue.     Curro. 
Succumb,  sue.    Cumbo. 
Sue.    Sequor.  (?) 
Suffer,  suf.    Fero. 
Suffix,  suf.    Fixum. 
Suffrage.    Suffragium. 
Suicidal.    Sui,  Csedo;  al. 
Suitable.    Secutus;  able.  (?) 
Summon,  sum.    Moneo. 
Sumptuous.    Sumptum;  ous. 
Superabundance,  super,  ab.  Unda;  ance. 
Superannuate,  super.    Annus;  ate. 
Superb.    Super.    (L.  Superbus.) 
Supercilious.    Super,  Cilium;  ous. 
Superfluity,  super.    Fluo  ;  ity. 
Superintend,  super,  in.    Tendo. 
Superior.    Superior. 
Superlative.    Super,  Latum;  ive. 
Supernatural,    super.  Natus;  ure,  al. 
Supersede.    Super,  Sedeo. 
Supernumeraries,  super.  Numerus;  ary 
Superstition.    Super,  Sisto;  ion. 
Superstructure.    Super,  Structum  ;  ure. 
Supervenes.    Super,  Venio. 
Supervision,    super,  Visum;  ion. 
Supplant,  sup.    Planta. 
Supplement,  sup.    Pleo;  ment. 
Supplication,  sup.    Plico;  ate,  ion. 
Supply,  sup.    Pleo. 
Suppose,  sup.    Positum. 
Suppress,  sup.    Pressum. 
Supremacy.    Supremus;  acy. 
Supreme.    Supremus. 
Surface,  sur  for  super.    Fades. 


KEY. 


315 


Surfeit,  sur  for  super.    Factum. 
Surgeon,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Ergon. 
Surgery,  (Gr.)    Cheir,  Ergon  ;  y. 
Surmise,  sur  for  super.    Alistuuii. 
Surmount,  sur  for  super.    Montis. 
Surplus,  sur  for  super.    Plus. 
Surprise,  sur  for  super.    Prehensum. 
Surrender,  sur  for  super,  ren.    Do. 
Surreptitious,  sur  for  sub.  Raptum ;  ous. 
Survey,  sur  for  super.     Video. 
Survive,  sur  f'^r  super.     Vivo. 
Susceptible,  sus.    Captum;  ible. 
Suspect,  sus.    Spectum. 
Suspend,  sus.    Pendeo. 
Suspense,  sus.    Pensum. 
Suspension,  sus.    Pensum;  ion. 
Suspicion,  sus.    Specio;  ion. 
Sustain,  sus.    Teneo. 
Sustenance,  sus.    Teneo;  ance. 
Sycamore,  (Gr.)    Sykon,  Moron,  a  mul- 
berry. 

Sycophant,  (Gr.)    Sykon,  Phano. 
Syllable,  (Gr.)  syl.    Labo. 
Syllogism,  (Gr.)  syl.    Logos;  ism. 
Symbolic,  (Gr.)  sym.    Boleo ;  ic. 
Symmetry,  (Gr.)  sym.    Metron;  y. 
Sympathy,  (Gr.)  sym.    Pathos;  y. 
Symphony,  (Gr.)  sym.    Phone;  y. 
Symptoms,  (Gr.)  sym.    Ptoma. 
Synagogue,  (Gr.)  syn.    Agogeus. 
Synchronism,  (Gr.)  syn.     Chronos;  ism. 
Syncope,  (Gr.)  syn.    Kope. 
Syndrome,  (Gr.)  syn.    Dromos. 
Synecdoche,  (Gr.)  syn,  ec.     Dechomai. 
Synod,  (Gr.)  syn.    Odos. 
Synonymous,  (Gr.)  syn.    Onyma;  ous. 
Synopsis,  (Gr.)  syn.    Opsis. 
Syntax,  (Gr.)  syn.     Taxis. 
Synthesist,  (Gr.)  syn.     Thesis;  ist. 
Systematic,  (Gr.)  sy.    Stasis;  ic. 
Systole,  (Gr.)  sy.    Stello. 

Tabernacle.    Taberna;  cle. 
Taciturn.    Taciturn. 
Tact.     Tactum. 

Tactician,  (Gr.)    Taktos;  ics,  ian. 
Tactual.     Tactum;  al. 
Talent,  (Gr.)     Talanton. 
Tantamount.     Tantus;  a.    Montis. 
Tautology,  (Gr.)     Tautos,  Logos ;  y. 
Tautophony,  (Gr.)     Tautos,  Phone;  y. 
Taxidermy,  (Gr.)     Taxis,  Derma;  y. 
Taxis,  (Gr.)     Taxis. 
Technics,  (Gr.)    Techne;  ics. 
Technical,  (Gr.)     Techne;  ical. 
Technology,  (Gr.)     Techne,  Logos;  y. 
Tectonic,  (Gr.)    Tekton;  ic. 
Tedious.     Tasdium;  ous. 
Telegraphy,  (Gr.)    Telos,  Gh'apho;  y. 
Telescope,  (Gr.)     Telos,  Skope. 
Telestich,  (Gr.)     Telos,  Stichos. 
Temperament.     Tempero;  ment. 
Temperature.    Temperatum;  ure. 
Temporal.     Temporis;  al. 
Temporary.    Temporis;  ary. 
Temporize.     Temporis;  ize. 
Temptation.     Tentatum;  ion. 
Tenable.    Teneo;  able. 
Tenacious.    Teneo;  acious. 
Tendency.    Tendo;  ency. 


Tendril.    Tendo. 

Tenement.     Tendo;  ment. 

Tense.    Tensum. 

Tenure.     Teneo;  ure. 

Terminate.     Terminus;  ate. 

Terraqueous.     Terra,  Aqua;  ous. 

Terrestrial.     Terra;  al.    (L.  Terrestris, 

earthly.) 

Terrible.     Terreo;  ible. 
Terrific.     Terreo,  Facio. 
Terrify.     Terreo;  fy. 
Territory.   Terra ;  ory.  (L.  Territorium.) 
Terseness.    Tersum;  ness. 
Tessellate.  (Gr.)    Tessares;  ate. 
Testament.    Testis;  ment. 
Testator.     Testis;  or. 
Testimony.    Testis;  mony. 
Tetrachord,  (Gr.)    Tetra,  Chorde. 
Tetragon,  (Gr.)    Tetra,  Gonia. 
Tetrahedron,  (Gr.)    Tetra,  Hedra. 
Tetrameter,  (Gr.)    Tetra,  Metron. 
Tetrarch,  (Gr.)     Tetra,  Arche. 
Text.     Textum. 
Texture.     Textum;  ure. 
Theatre,  (Gr.)     Theatron. 
Theism,  (Gr.)     Theos;  ism. 
Theme,  (Gr.)    Thema. 
Theocracy,  (Gr.)    Theos,  Kratos;  y. 
Theology,  (Gr.)     Theos,  Logos  ;  y. 
Theomachy,  (Gr.)    Theos,  Machomai;  y 
Theorem,  (Gr.)    Theoros. 
Theoretical,  (Gr.)    Theoros;  ical. 
Theory,  (Gr.)     Theoros;  y. 
Therapeutic,  (Gr.)    Therapeuro;  ic. 
Thermal,  (Gr.)    Thermos;  al. 
Thermometer,  (Gr.)    Thermos,  Metron. 
Thermoscope,  (Gr.)     Thermos,  Skopeo. 
Thesis,  (Gr.)    Thesis. 
Theurgy,  (Gr.)     Theos,  Ergon;  y. 
Throne,  (Gr.)     Thronos. 
Thoracic.     Thorax,  the  breast ;  ic 
Timidity.     Timeo;  id,  ity. 
Timid.     Timeo;  id. 
Timocracy,  (Gr.)    Time,  Kratos;  y. 
Tint.     Tinctum. 
Title.     Titulus. 
Tolerate.     Tolero;  ate. 
Tomb.     Tumba. 
Tome,  (Gr.)     Tomos. 
Tone,  (Gr.)    Tonos. 
Tonic,  (Gr.)     Tonos;  ic. 
Topically,  (Gr.)    Topos;  ical,  ly. 
Topography,  (Gr.)     Topos,  Grapho ;  y. 
Torment.     Tortum;  ment. 
Torpedo.    Torpeo. 
Torpid.    Torpeo;  id. 
Torrid.     Torreo ;  id. 
Tortuous.     Tortum;  ous. 
Torture.     Tortum;  ure. 
Totality.     Totus  ;  al,  ity. 
Toxicology,  (Gr.)     Toxikon,  Logos;  y. 
Toxophilite,  (Gr.)  Toxon,  abow,  Philos;  ite. 
Tracheal,  (Gr.)     Tracheia;  al. 
Tracheotomy,  (Gr.)    Tracheia,  Tomos;  y 
Trachea,  (Gr.)     Tracheia. 
Tract.     Tractum. 
Tractable.     Tractum;  able. 
Tradition.     Traditum;  ion. 
Tragedy,  (Gr.)    Tragos,  Ode;  y,  (or)  Tra- 

godia;  y. 


316 


A    MANUAL    OF   ETYMOLOGY. 


Tragi-comedy,  (Gr.)     Tragodia,  Komos, 

Ode;  y. 

Tragi-comic,  (Gr.)  Tragodia,  Komos;  ic. 
Traitor.     Traditum;  or. 
Tranquil.     Tranquillus. 
Transact,  trans.    Actum. 
Transcend,  trail.    Scando. 
Transcribe,  trail.    Scribo. 
Transfer,  trans.    Fcro. 
Transfiguration,  trans.  Figura;  ion.  (L. 

Transfiguratio.) 
Transfix,  trans.    Fixum. 
Transformation,  trans.    Forma;  ion. 
Transgression,  trans.    Gressus;  ion. 
Transit,  trans.    Hum,. 
Transitory,  trans.    Hum ;  ory. 
Translate,  trans.    Latum. 
Translucent,  trans.    Luceo;  cut. 
Transmarine,  trans.    Mare;  ine. 
Transmigration,  trans.    Migro;  ate,  ion. 
Transmit,  trans.    Mitto. 
Transmute,  trans.    Muto. 
Transparent,  trans.    Pareo;  ent. 
Transplant,  trans.    Planto. 
Transport,  trans.    Porto. 
Transposing,  trans.    Positum;  ing. 
Trapezium,  (Gr.)    Trapezion. 
Trapezoid,  (Gr.)    Trapezion,  Eidos. 
Traverse,  tra.     Versum. 
Treason.    Trado. 
Treaty.    Tractum;  y. 
Tremendous.      Tremo;    ous.     (L.    Tre- 

mendus.) 

Tremulous.     Tremo;  ous. 
Triadelphous,  (Gr.)   Tria,  Adelphos;  ous. 
Triandrian,  (Gr.)     Tria,  Andros;  ian. 
Triangle.    Tria,  Angulus. 
Tributary.     Tributum;  ary. 
Tribute.    Tributum. 
Trigon,  (Gr.)     Tria,  Gonia. 
Trigonometry,  (Gr.)     Tria,   Gonia,   Me- 

tron;  y. 

Trimeter,  (Gr.)    Tria,  Metron. 
Triphthong,  (Gr.)    Tria,  Phthegma. 
Tripod,  (Gr.)     Tria,  Podos. 
Trite.    Tritum. 
Triton,  (Gr.)    Tria,  Tonos. 
Trivial.    Tria,  Via;  al. 
Trochee,  (Gr.)    Trochaios. 
Trope,  (Gr.)    Tropos. 
Trophy.  (Gr.)    Tropos;  y. 
Tropical,  (Gr.)     Tropos;  ical. 
Trouble.     Turba;  ble. 
Truck,  (Gr.)    Trochaios. 
Tubular.     Tubus,  a  tube ;  ar. 
Tuition.    Tuitus;  ion. 
Tumid.    Tumeo;  id. 
Tumult.     Tumeo. 
Tune,  (Gr.)     Tonos. 
Turbulence.     Turba;  ence. 
Turret.     Turris;  et. 
Typhoid,  (Gr.)     Typhos,  Eidos. 
Typhus,  (Gr.)     Typhos. 
Typical,  (Gr.)    Typos;  ical. 
Typify.     Typos;  fy. 
Typography,  (Gr.)    Typos.  Grapho;  y. 
Tyrannical,  (Gr.)     Tyrannos ;  ical. 
Tyrannicide,  (Gr.)  Tyrannos.    L.  Csedo. 
Tyrannize,  (Gr.)    Tyrannos;  ize. 
Tyrant,  (Gr.)    Tyrannos. 


Ulterior.     Ultimus. 
Ultimately.     Ultimus;  ate,  ly. 
Ultimatum.     Ultimus.     (L.  Ultimatum.) 
Umbrage.     Umbra;  age. 
Umbrageous.     Umbra;  age,  ous. 
Umbrella.     Umbra. 
Unanimous.     Unus,  Animus  ;  ous. 
Unctuous.     Unctum;  ous. 
Undauntedly,  un.    Domo ;  ed,  ly. 
Undecagon,  (Gr.)  L.  Unus.  Deka,  Gonia. 
Undulate.     Unda;  ate.     (L.  Undula,  a 

little  wave.) 

Uniformity.     Unus,  Forma;  ity. 
Unite.     Unus. 
Unity.     Unus;  ity. 
Universal.     Unus,  Versum;  al. 
Universe.     Unus,  Versum. 
Unprepared,  un,  pre.    Paro;  ed. 
Unrivalled,  un.    Rivus  ;  al,  ed. 
Unsurpassed,  un,  sur,  for  super.     Pas- 

sus;  ed. 

Unsymmetrical,(Gr.)un,syrn.Mnm;z"caZ 
Uranography,  (Gr.)  Ouranos,  Grapho  ;  y. 
Uranology,  (Gr.)    Ouranos,  Logos;  y. 
Usage.     Usus;  age. 
Usually.     Usus ;  al,  ly. 
Usurp.     Usus.  Rapio. 
Utensils.     Utor. 
Utility.     Utor;  He,  ity. 

Vacate.     Vaco;  ate. 

Vacation.     Vaco;  ate,  ion. 

Vacuum.     Vaco. 

Vagabond.     Vagus.    (L.  Vagabundus.) 

Vagaries.     Vagus;  ary. 

Vagrant.     Vagus;  ant. 

Vague.     Vagus. 

Valedictory.     Vale,  Dictum ;  ory. 

Valiant.     Valeo;  ant. 

Valid.     Valeo;  id. 

Valor.     Valeo;  or. 

Valuable.     Valeo;  able. 

Value.     Valeo. 

Vanquish.     Vinco ;  ish. 

Varioloid.  (Gr.)     Variola,  Eidos. 

Vehement.     Vehemens,  violent. 

Vehicle.     Veho;  cle. 

Veil.    Velo. 

Venal.     Vendo;  al.    (L.  Venus,  sale.) 

Vender.     Vendo;  er. 

Vendue.     Vendo.    (Fr.  Vendue,  sold.) 

Vengeance.     Vindex;  ance.     (Fr.  Ven- 

ger,  to  revenge.) 
Ventilate.     Ventus;  ate. 
Venture.     Ventum;  ure. 
Veracity.     Veracis;  ity. 
Verbal.     Verbum;  al. 
Verbatim.     Verbum. 
Verbose.     Verbum;  ose. 
Verdict.     Verus;  dictum. 
Verge.     Vergo. 
Verify.     Verus;  fy. 
Veritable.     Verus;  ity,  able. 
Verity.     Verus;  ity. 
Vermin.     Vermis. 
Versatility.     Versum  ;  He,  ity. 
Version.     Versum;  ion. 
Vertex.     Verio.    (L.  Vertex.) 
Vertical.     Verto;  ical. 
Vests.     Vestis. 


KEY. 


317 


Vestige.     Vestigium. 

Vesture.     Vestis;  ure. 

Veteran.     Veteris;  an. 

Vetoed.     Veto;  ed. 

Vex.     Vehp.    (L.  Vexo,  I  harass.) 

Vice-(president).     Vieis. 

Vicinity.     Vicinus ;  ity. 

Victim.  Victum.  (L.Victima,  asacrilice.) 

Victor.     Victum;  or. 

Victory.     Victum;  ory. 

Victuals.     Victum. 

View.     Video. 

Vigorous.     Vigor;  ous. 

Vindicate.     Vindicis;  ate, 

Vine.    Vinum. 

Vinegar.   Vinum,  Acer.  (Fr.  Aigre,  sour.) 

Vintage.     Vinum;  age. 

Violation.     Violatum;  ion. 

Violent.     Violo,  I  injure ;  ent. 

Virago.     Vir.    (L.  Virago.) 

Virtue.     Virtus. 

Virulent.    Virus;  ulent. 

Visage.     Visum;  age. 

Viscount.     Vicis,  Comitis. 

Visible.     Visum;  ible. 

Vision.     Visum;  ion. 

Visionary.     Visum;  ion,  ary. 

Visitant.     Visum;  ant. 

Vista.     Visum. 

Vital.    Vivo;  al.    (L.  Vita,  life.) 

Vitrify.     Vitrum;  fy. 

Vitriol     Vitrum.     ' 

Vivacity.     Vivo;  ity. 

Vivid.     Vivo;  id. 

Vocabulary.     Voco;  ary. 

Vocal.     Voco;  al. 

Vocation.     Vocatum;  ion. 

27* 


Vociferates.     Voco,  Fero ;  ate. 
Vociferous.     Voco,  Fero;  ous. 
Voice.     Voco. 
Volatile.     Volatum;  He. 
Volley.     Volo. 
Voluble.     Volvo;  ble. 
Volume.    Volvo. 
Voluntary.     Voluntas;  ary. 
Volunteer.     Voluntas;  eer. 
Voluptuary.     Voluptas;  ary. 
Voluptuous.     Voluptas;  ous. 
Voracity.     Voro;  ity,  (state  of  being  vo- 
racious.) 

Voracious.     Voro;  acious. 
Votary.     Votum;  ary. 
Vote.     Votum. 
Voyage.     Via. 

Vulgarism.     Vulgus;  ar,  ism. 
Vulgarity.     Vulgus ;  ar,  ity. 
Vulnerable.     Vulneris;  able. 
Vulture.     Vultur. 
Vulturine.     Vultur;  ine. 

Xylobalsamum,  (Gr.)   Xylon,  Balsamon. 
Xylography,  (Gr.)    Xylon,  Grapho;  y. 
Xylophagous,  (Gr.)    Xylon,  Phago;  ous. 

Zeal,  (Gr.)    Zelos. 

Zealous,  (Gr.)    Zelos;  ous. 

Zephyr,  (Gr.)    Zephyros. 

Zodiac,  (Gr.)    Zoon ;  ac. 

Zone,  (Gr.)    Zone. 

Zoography,  (Gr.)    Zoon;  Grapho,  y. 

Zoolite,  (Gr.)    Zoon,  Lithos. 

Zoological,  (Gr.)    Zoon,  Logos;  ical. 
,  Zoophyte,  (Gr.)    Zoon,  Phyton. 
|  Zootomy,  (Gr.)    Zoon,  Tomos;  y. 


THE  END. 


=(8H*- 


MODEL  TEXT-BOOKS, 


CHASE  d  STUART'S  CLASSICAL  SERIES. 

COMPRISING 

First  Year  in  Latin, 

A  Latin  Grammar, 

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Virgil's  JEneid, 

Virgil's  Eclogues  and  Georgics, 

Cicero's  Select  Orations, 
Horace's  Odes,  Satires,  and  Epistles, 
Sallust's  Catiline  et  Jugurtha, 

Cicero  De  Senectute,  et  de  Amicitia, 

Cornelius  Nepos, 

Cicero's  Select  Letters,  Cicero  de  Officiis, 

Cicero's  Tusculan  Disputations, 

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Ovid,  Pliny,  Livy. 


G\ 

^ 


SERIES  OF  TEXT-BOOKS 

ON   THE 

ENGLISH  LANGUAGE. 

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College  of  New  Jersey. 

The  Series  comprises  the  following  volumes — viz. : 
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2 


Easy  Lessons  in  Natural  Philosophy. 

For  children.    By  EDWIN  J.  HOUSTON,  A.  M. 

Intermediate  Lessons  in  Natural  Philosophy. 

By  EDWIN  J.  HOUSTON,  A.  M. 
Elements  of  Natural  Philosophy. 

For  Schools  and  Academies.     By  EDWIN  J.  HOUSTON,  A.  M. 

Elements   of  Physical   Geography.      NEW  EDITION. 
By  EDWIN  J.  HOUSTON,  A.  M. 

Houston's  New  Physical  Geography  is  the  realization  of  what  a 
text-book  on  this  subject  should  be.  It  is  a  book  that  will 
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most  books  of  its  class,  of  crowding  both  text  and  maps  with  a 
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the  pupil.  As  a  working  text-book  for  class-room  use,  Houston's 
New  Physical  Geography  stands  to-day  at  the  head  of  the  list  of 
similar  works,  and  is  practically  without  a  peer. 

Christian  Ethics ;  or,  The  Science  of  the  Life  of 
Human  Duty. 

A  New  Text-Book  on  Moral  Science.  By  Eev.  D.  S.  GREGORY, 
D.  D.,  Late  President  of  Lake  Forest  University,  Illinois. 

Practical  Logic ;  or,  The  Art  of  Thinking-. 

By  Eev.  D.  S.  GREGORY,  D.  D. 

Groesbeck's  Practical  Book-Keeping-  Series. 

By  Prof.  JOHN  GROESBECK,  Late  Prin.  of  the  Crittenden  Com- 
mercial College.  In  Two  Volumes — viz. : 

COLLEGE  EDITION,  for  Commercial  Schools,  Colleges,  etc. 

SCHOOL  EDITION,  for  Schools  and  Academies. 

An  Elementary  Alg-ebra. 

A  Text-Book  for  Schools  and  Academies.  By  JOSEPH  W.  WIL- 
SON, A.  M.,  Late  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the  Philadelphia 
Central  High  School. 

The     Crittenden     Commercial     Arithmetic    and 
Business  Manual. 

Designed  for  the  use  of  Teachers,  Business  Men,  Academies, 
High  Schools,  and  Commercial  Colleges.  By  Professor  JOHN 
GROESBECK,  Late  Prin.  of  Crittenden  Commercial  College. 

A  Manual  of  Elocution  and  Reading1. 

Founded  on  Philosophy  of  the  Human  Voice.  By  EDWARD 
BROOKS,  Ph.  D.,  Late  Prin.  of  State  Normal  School,  Millers- 
ville,  Pa. 

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